PHYSICS BEYOND IMAGINATION

chandan kumar
Allen Career Institute

ASSIGNMENT
JEE
ADVANCED
PHYSICS
Kinematics IRODOV
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7738340302

Relative motion
1. A motorboat going downstream overcame a raft at a point A; 𝜏 = 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛 later
it turned back and after some time passed the raft at a distance 𝑙 = 6.0 𝑘𝑚
from the point 𝐴. Find the flow velocity assuming the duty of the engine to be
constant.
2. Two particles, 1 and 2, move with constant velocities 𝑣 ⃗⃗⃗⃗1 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑣2 . At the initial
moment their position vectors are equal to ⃗⃗⃗𝑟1 and ⃗⃗⃗
𝑟2 . How must these four
vectors be interrelated for the particles to collide?
3. A ship moves along the equator to the east with velocity 𝑣0 = 30 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟. The
south-eastern wind blows at an angle 𝜑 = 60° to the equator with velocity
𝑣 = 15 𝑘𝑚𝑝ℎ. Find the wind velocity 𝑣′ relative to the ship and the angle 𝜑′
between the equator and the wind direction in the reference frame fixed to
the ship.
4. Two swimmers leave 𝐴 on one bank of the river to reach point 𝐵 lying right
across on the other bank. One of them crosses the river along the straight line
𝐴𝐵 while the other swims at right angles to the stream and then walks the
distance that he has been carried away by the stream to get to point 𝐵. What
was the velocity 𝑢 of his walking if both swimmers reached the destination
simultaneously? The stream velocity 𝑣0 = 2.0 𝑘𝑚𝑝ℎ and the velocity 𝑣′ of each
swimmer with respect to water equals 2.5 km per hour.
5. Two boats, 𝐴 and 𝐵, move away from the buoy (floating object in river/ocean
like milestone of road) anchored at the middle of a river along the mutually
perpendicular straight lines: the boat 𝐴 along the river flow, and the boat 𝐵
across the river flow. Having moved off an equal distance from the buoy the
boats returned. Find the ratio of times of motion of boats 𝜏𝐴 /𝜏𝐵 if the velocity
of each boat with respect to water is 𝜂 = 1.2 times greater than the stream
velocity.
6. A boat moves relative to water with a velocity which is 𝑛 = 2.0 times less than
the river flow velocity. At what angle to the stream direction must the boat
move to minimize drifting?
7. Two bodies were thrown simultaneously from the same point: one straight up,
and the other, at an angle of 𝜃 = 60° to the horizontal. The initial velocity of
each body is equal to 𝑣0 = 25 𝑚⁄𝑠. Neglecting the air drag, find the distance
between the bodies 𝑡 = 1.70 𝑠𝑒𝑐 later.
8. Two particles move in a uniform gravitational field with an acceleration 𝑔. At
the initial moment the particles were located at one point and moved with
velocities 𝑣1 = 3.0 𝑚/𝑠 and 𝑣2 = 4.0 𝑚⁄𝑠 horizontally in opposite directions.
Find the distance between the particles at the moment when their velocity
vectors become mutually perpendicular.
9. Three points are located at the vertices of an equilateral triangle whose side
equals 𝑎. They all start moving simultaneously with velocity 𝑣 constant in
magnitude, with the first point heading continually for the second, the second
for the third, and the third for the first. How soon will the points converge?
10. Point 𝐴 moves uniformly with velocity 𝑣 so that the vector 𝑣 is continually
“aimed” at point 𝐵 which in its turn moves rectilinearly and uniformly with
velocity 𝑢 < 𝑣. At the initial moment of time 𝑣 ⊥ 𝑢 ⃗ and the points are
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separated by a distance 𝑙. How soon the point will converge. Also, find the
final separation between them for the case |𝑣 | = |𝑢 ⃗ |.
11. ⋆ A train of length 𝑙 = 350 𝑚 starts moving rectilinearly with constant
acceleration 𝒶 = 3 × 10−2 𝑚/𝑠 2; 𝑡 = 30 𝑠 after the start the locomotive
headlight is switched on (even 1), and 𝜏 = 60 𝑠 after that event the tail signal
light is switched on (event 2). Find the distance between these events in the
reference frames fixed to the train and to the Earth. How and at what
constant velocity 𝑉 relative to the Earth must a certain reference frame 𝐾
move for the two events to occur in it at the same point?
12. An elevator car whose floor-to-ceiling distance is equal to 2.7m starts
ascending with constant acceleration 1.2 𝑚/𝑠 2; 2.0 s after the start a bolt
begins falling from the ceiling of the car. Find:
(a) The bolt’s free fall time;
(b) The displacement and the distance covered by the bolt during the free fall
in the reference frame fixed to the elevator shaft.
13. Two particles, 1 and 2, move with constant velocities 𝑣1 and 𝑣2 along two
mutually perpendicular straight lines toward the intersection point O. At the
moment 𝑡 = 0 the particles were located at the distance 𝑙1 and 𝑙2 from the
point O. How soon will the distance between the particles become the
smallest? What is it equal to?

Projectile motion
14. A particle moves in the plane 𝑥𝑦 with constant acceleration 𝑤 directed along
the negative 𝑦 –axis. The equation of motion of the particle has the form 𝑦 =
𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏𝑥 2 , where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are positive constants. Find the velocity of the
particle at the origin of coordinates.
15. A small body is thrown at an angle to the horizontal with the initial velocity
𝑣0 . Neglecting the air drag, find:
⃗⃗⃗⃗
(a) The displacement of the body as a function of time 𝑟(𝑡);
(b) The mean velocity vector ⟨𝑣 ⟩ averaged over the first 𝑡 seconds and over the
total time of motion.
16. A body is thrown from the surface of the Earth at an angle 𝛼 to the horizontal
with the initial velocity 𝑣0 . Assuming the air drag to be negligible, find:
(a) The time of motion;
(b) The maximum height of ascent and the horizontal range; at what value of
the angle 𝛼 they will be equal to each other;
(c) The equation of trajectory 𝑦(𝑥), where 𝑦 and 𝑥 are displacements of the
body along the vertical and the horizontal respectively;
(d) The curvature radii of trajectory at its initial point and at its peak.
17. A ball starts falling with zero initial velocity on a smooth inclined plane
forming an angle 𝛼 with the horizontal. Having fallen the distance ℎ, the ball
rebounds elastically off the inclined plane. (Think as law of reflection) At
what distance from the point of impact will the ball rebound for the second
time?
18. A cannon and a target are 5.10 𝑘𝑚 apart and located at the same level. How
soon will the shell launched with the initial velocity 240 𝑚/𝑠 reach the target
in the absence of air drag?
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19. A cannon fires successively two shells with velocity 𝑣0 = 250𝑚/𝑠; the first at
the angle 𝜃1 = 60° and the second at the angle 𝜃2 = 45° to the horizontal, the
azimuth being the same. (means they are in same vertical plane). Neglecting
the air drag, find the time interval between firings leading to the collision of
the shells. (Hint: Use Displacement triangle)

Optimization Problem

20. From a point 𝐴 located on a highway

(see fig.) one has to get by car as
soon as possible to point B located in
the field at a distance 𝑙 from the
highway. It is known that the car
moves in the field 𝜂 times slower
than on the highway. At what
distance from point 𝐷 one must turn
off the highway?

Graph based problem

21. A point traversed half the distance with a velocity 𝑣0 . The remaining part of
the distance was covered with velocity 𝑣1 for half the time, and with velocity
𝑣2 for the other half of the time. Find the mean velocity of the point averaged
over the whole time of motion.
22. A car starts moving rectilinearly, first with acceleration 𝒶 = 5𝑚/𝑠 2 (the initial
velocity is equal to zero), then uniformly, and finally, decelerating at the same
rate 𝒶, comes to rest. The total time of motion equals 𝜏 = 25 𝑠𝑒𝑐. The average
velocity during that time is equal to 〈𝑣〉 = 72𝑘𝑚 /ℎ𝑟. How long does the car
move uniformly.

23. A point moves rectilinearly in one direction. Fig. shows the distance 𝑠
traversed by the point as a function of the time 𝑡. Using the plot find:
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(a) The average velocity of the point during the time of motion;
(b) The maximum velocity;
(c) The time moment 𝑡0 at which the instantaneous velocity is equal to the
mean velocity averaged over the first 𝑡0 seconds.
24. A point travels along the 𝑥-axis with a velocity whose projection 𝑣𝑥 is
presented as a function of time by the plot in fig. Assuming the coordinate of
the point 𝑥 = 0 at the moment 𝑡 = 0, draw the approximate time dependence
plots for the acceleration 𝑎𝑥 , the 𝑥 coordinate, and the distance covered 𝑠.

Curvilinear Motion
25. A point traversed half a circle of radius 𝑅 during time interval 𝜏. Calculated
the following quantities averaged over that time:
(a) The average speed ⟨𝑣⟩;
(b) The modulus of average velocity vector |⟨𝑣 ⟩|;
(c) The modulus of average of total acceleration vector |⟨𝑎⟩|
26. A radius vector of a point 𝐴 relative to the origin varies with time 𝑡 as
𝑟 = 𝑎𝑡 𝑖̂ − 𝑏𝑡 2 𝑗̂, where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are positive constants, and 𝑖̂ and 𝑗̂ are the unit
vectors of the 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes. Find:
(a) The equation of the point’s trajectory 𝑦(𝑥); plot this function;
(b) The time dependence of the velocity 𝑣 and acceleration 𝑎 vectors, as well
as of the moduli of these quantities;
(c) The time dependence of the angle 𝜃 between the vector 𝑎 and 𝑣 ;
(d) The mean velocity vector averaged over the first 𝑡 seconds of motion, and
the modulus of this vector.
27. A point moves in the plane x-y according to the law 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑡, 𝓎 = 𝑎𝑡(1 − 𝛼𝑡),
where 𝑎 and 𝛼 are positive constants, and 𝑡 is time. Find:
(a) The equation of the point’s trajectory 𝑦(𝑥); plot this function;
(b) The velocity |𝑣 | and the acceleration |𝑎| of the point as function of time;
(c) The moment 𝑡0 at which the velocity vector forms an angle 𝜋/4 with the
acceleration vector.
28. A point moves in the plane 𝑥𝑦 according to the law 𝑥 = 𝑎 sin 𝜔𝑡,
𝑦 = 𝑎(1 − cos 𝜔𝑡), where 𝜔 and 𝑎 are positive constants, and 𝑡 is time. Find:
(a) The distance 𝑠 traversed by the point during the time 𝜏;
(b) The angle between the point’s velocity and acceleration vectors.
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Rectilinear motion
29. A radius vector of a particle varies with time 𝑡 as 𝑟 = 𝑡(1 − 𝛼𝑡)𝑏⃗, where 𝑏⃗ is a
constant vector and 𝛼 is a positive factor.
Find:
(a) The velocity 𝑣 and the acceleration 𝑎 of the particle as function of time;
(b) The time interval Δ𝑡 taken by the particle to return to the initial points,
and the distance 𝑠 covered during that time.
30. At the moment 𝑡 = 0 a particle leaves the origin and moves in the positive
direction of the 𝑥 axis. Its velocity varies with time as 𝑣 = 𝑣0 (1 − 𝑡/𝜏), where
𝑣0 is the initial velocity vector whose modulus equals 𝑣0 = 10.0𝑐𝑚/𝑠; 𝜏 = 5.0 𝑠.
Find:
(a) The 𝑥 coordinate of the particle at the moments of time 6 𝑠, 10𝑠, and 20 𝑠;
(b) The moments of time when the particle is at the distance 10 𝑐𝑚 from the
origin.
31. The velocity of a particle moving in the positive direction of the 𝑥 axis varies
as 𝑣 = 𝛼 √𝑥, where 𝛼 is a positive constant. Assuming that at the moment 𝑡 =
0 the particle was located at the point 𝑥 = 0, find:
(a) The time dependence of the velocity and the acceleration of the particle;
(b) The mean velocity of the particle averaged over the time that the particle
takes to cover the first 𝑠 meters of the path.
32. A point moves rectilinearly with deceleration whose modulus depends on the
velocity 𝑣 of the particle as 𝑎 = 𝛼 √𝑣, where 𝛼 is a positive constant. At the
initial moment the velocity of the point is equal to 𝑣0 , what distance will it
traverse before it stops? What time will it take to cover that distance?

Answers

1. 𝑣 = 𝑙 ⁄2𝜏 = 3.0𝑘𝑚𝑝ℎ 2. (𝑟1 − 𝑟2 ) ∕ |(𝑟1 − 𝑟2 )| = (𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )/|(𝑣2 − 𝑣1 )|

𝑣0
3. 𝑣 ′ = √𝑣02 + 𝑣 2 + 2𝑣𝑣0 cos 𝜑 ≈ 4. 1 = 3.0 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
2 −2
40 𝑘𝑚⁄ℎ𝑟 , 𝜑′ = 19° 𝑣0
(1− ′2 ) −1
𝑣
𝜏𝐴 1 𝜋
5. = 𝜂/(√𝜂 2 − 1 = 1.8 6. 𝜃 = sin−1 𝑛 + 2 = 120°
𝜏𝐵
(𝑣1 +𝑣2 )√𝑣1 𝑣2
7. 𝑙 = 𝑣0 𝑡 √2(1 − sin 𝜃) = 22𝑚 8. 𝑙 = = 2.5 𝑚
𝑔
2𝑎 𝑣𝑙 𝑙
9. 𝑡 = 3𝑣 10. 𝜏 = 𝑣 2 −𝑢2 , 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝐼𝐼 ∶ 𝑑 = 2
11. 𝑥1 − 𝑥2 = 𝑙 − 𝑎𝜏 (𝑡 + =
𝜏
) 12. (a) 0.7 𝑠 (b) 0.7 m and 1.3 m respectively.
2
0.24 𝑘𝑚. 𝑇𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ
Velocity V=4.0 m/s
(𝑣 𝑙 +𝑣 𝑙 )
13. 𝑡𝑚 = 1𝑣 12 +𝑣22 2 , 14. 𝑣0 √
(1+𝑎2 )𝑤
1 2 2𝑏
|𝑙1 𝑣2 −𝑙2 𝑣1 |
𝑙min =
√𝑣12 +𝑣22
𝑔⃗𝑡 2 𝑔⃗𝑡 2𝑣0 sin 𝛼 𝑣02 sin2 𝛼
15. 𝑟 = 𝑣0 𝑡 + 2 , ⟨𝑣 ⟩𝑡 = 𝑣0 + 2 16. (a) 𝜏 = , (𝑏) ℎ𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ,𝑅 =
𝑔 𝑔
⟨𝑣 ⟩ = 𝑣0 − 𝑔(𝑣 ⋅ 𝑔)/𝑔2 𝑣02 sin 2𝛼
, 𝛼 = 76°;
𝑔
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𝑔𝑥 2
(c) 𝑦 = 𝑥 tan 𝛼 − 2𝑣 2 cos2 𝛼
0
𝑣02 cos 𝛼 𝑣02 cos2 𝛼
(d) 𝑅1 = 𝑔
, 𝑅2 = 𝑔
17. 𝑙 = 8ℎ sin 𝛼 18. 0.41 or 0.71 min later, depending on the
initial angle.

2𝑣0 sin(𝜃1 −𝜃2 )

19. Δ𝑡 = = 11𝑠 20. 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑙/√𝜂 2 − 1
𝑔 (cos 𝜃1 +cos 𝜃2 )
21. 2𝑣0 (𝑣1 + 𝑣2 )/(2𝑣0 + 𝑣1 + 𝑣2 ) 4〈𝑣〉
22. Δ𝑡 = 𝜏√1 − 𝒶𝜏
= 15𝑠𝑒𝑐
23. (a) 10 cm/s (b) 25 cm/s (c) 𝑡0 = 24.
16 𝑠

𝜋𝑅 2𝑅 𝑥2𝑏
25. (a) ⟨𝑣⟩ = 𝜏
(b) |⟨𝑣 ⟩| = 𝜏
= 26. (a) 𝑦 = − ;(b) 𝑣 = 𝑎 𝑖̂ − 2𝑏𝑡 𝑗̂, 𝑎 = −2𝑏 𝑗̂
𝑎2
2𝜋𝑅
32 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 (c) |⟨𝑎⟩| = 𝜏2
= 10 𝑐𝑚/ 𝑣 = √𝑎2 + 4𝑏 2 𝑡 2, |𝑎| = 2𝑏;
𝑎
𝑠2 (c) tan 𝛼 = 2𝑏𝑡 ; (d) ⟨𝑣 ⟩ = 𝑎 𝑖̂ − 𝑏𝑡 𝑗̂, |⟨𝑣 ⟩| =
√𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 𝑡 2
𝑥2𝛼 𝜋
27. (a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 − ; (b) 𝑣 = 28. (a) 𝑠 = 𝑎𝜔𝜏 (b) 2
𝑎
𝑎√1 + (1 − 2𝛼𝑡)2 , |𝑎| = 2𝛼𝑎 =
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡 (c) 𝑡0 = 1/𝛼
29. (a) 𝑣 = (1 − 2𝛼𝑡)𝑏⃗, 𝑎 = −2𝛼𝑏⃗ 30. (a) 𝑥 = 𝑣0 𝑡 (1 − 2𝛼𝑡), 𝑥 = 0.24, 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 4 𝑚;
1 𝑎
(b) Δ𝑡 = 𝛼 , 𝑠 = 2𝛼. (b) 1.1 s, 9 s, 11 s;
(1 − 𝑡\2𝜏)𝑣0 𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 ≤ 𝜏,
(c) 𝑠 = { [1+(1−𝑡)2 ]𝑣0 𝑡
𝜏
2
𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 ≥ 𝜏
24 cm and 34 cm respectively.
3
𝛼2𝑡 𝛼2 𝛼 √𝑠
31. (a) 𝑣 = 2
,𝑎 = 2
; ⟨𝑣⟩ = 2
2
32. (a) 𝑠 = (3 𝑎) 𝑣02 ; (b) 𝑡 = 2 √𝑣0 /𝑎