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plsql

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vishal shinde
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4 views

plsql

Uploaded by

vishal shinde
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Anonymous Blocks: Quick and one-time use.

Named Blocks: Modular, reusable, and stored for repeated use. ( stored
as an object in DB)

Anonymous Blocks:

1. Does not have a name.


2. Cannot be stored in the database.
3. Executed immediately after being written.
Named Blocks:

Named and Stored: Saved in the database for reuse.

Reusable: Can be executed multiple times.

Supports Parameters: Accepts IN, OUT, and IN OUT


parameters.

Modular: Helps break complex logic into smaller,


manageable units.

Improved Maintainability: Centralized updates reflect


everywhere.

Security: Access can be restricted using privileges.

Error Handling: Includes robust exception handling.

Encapsulation: Packages allow public and private


declarations.

Types: Includes procedures, functions, packages, and

Example :
DECLARE

v_name VARCHAR2(50) := 'Vishal'; -- Declaring a variable

v_greeting VARCHAR2(100); -- Declaring another variable

BEGIN

v_greeting := 'Hello, ' || v_name || '! Welcome to PL/SQL programming.';

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_greeting); -- Printing the greeting message

END;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE – package and procedure

Package and method or function

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;  enable the display of output

Example 

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;

BEGIN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hello, Vishal!');

END;

--- addition of two number

--- addition of two number – getting values


DECLARE from user

DECLAREs

num1 number;

num2 number;
num1 number;

num2 number;

total number (10);

BEGIN

num1 :=10;

num2:=10;

total := num1+num2;

dbms_output.put_line(total);

END;

Constant value

 In PL/SQL, a constant is a variable whose value cannot be changed


once it is initialized

DECLARE

emp_id NUMBER NOT NULL;

BEGIN

emp_id := NULL; -- This will raise an error

END;

If we require more records


that time we need

1. Cursor
2. Bulk collect
DECLARE

lv_ename varchar2(10);

begin

select ename into lv_ename from emp where empno = 7654;

dbms_output.put_line(lv_ename);

end;

Multiple records :

DECLARE

CURSOR emp_cursor IS

SELECT ename FROM emp WHERE empno IN (7654, 7788, 7839); --


Example: multiple empno values

lv_ename VARCHAR2(10);

BEGIN

-- Open the cursor and loop through the records

FOR emp_record IN emp_cursor LOOP

lv_ename := emp_record.ename; -- Fetch each employee's name

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(lv_ename); -- Output the name

END LOOP;

END;

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