Human Body: Circulatory System

A. Name the following.

1. The straw-coloured fluid in which the different blood cells are suspended. = Plasma;
2. Blood cells that helps in blood clotting. = Platelets;
3. The muscles that make up the walls of heart. = Specialised Cardiac Muscles;
4. The artery in the body. = Aorta;
B. Choose the correct option.
1. The blood cells that defend the body against germs.
a. RBCs. [ ] b. Platelets. [ ] c. WBCs. [✓] d. Erythrocytes. [ ]
2. Oxygenated blood from the lungs is received by this.
a. Right auricle. [ ] b. Right ventricle. [ ]
c. Left auricle. [✓] d. Left ventricle. [ ]
3. The type of blood vessel that carries blood to the heart.
a. Artery. [ ] b. Vein. [✓] c. Aorta. [ ] d. Capillary. [ ]
4. The pressure wave transmitted through the arterial system due to ventricular
contraction.
a. Blood pressure. [ ] b. Pulse. [✓]
c. Heart beat. [ ] d. Cardiac cycle. [ ]
5. The blood group of a person with no antigens on RBC.
a. A. [ ] b. B. [ ] c. AB. [ ] d. O. [✓]
C. Select the appropriate answer
1. A red blood cell is biconcave (biconvex/biconcave) in shape and does not contain
(contain/does not contain) a nucleus.
2. Blood flows at a high (low/high) pressure in the arteries.
3. Arteries carry oxygenated (oxygenated/deoxygenated) blood.
4. The plasma is straw (straw/red) -coloured fluid component of the blood and the RBC
(platelet/RBC) is the red-coloured pigment.
5. The largest vein in the human body is vena cava (vena cava/venule).
D. Given below are set of four terms each. Identify the odd one in each set and name the
category to which the remaining three belong.
1. Heart, Blood, Blood vessel, Trachea
Ans: Trachea Categorisation for the rest of the terms Parts of the circulatory system
2. Arteriole, Vein, Artery, Aorta
Ans: Vein Categorisation for the rest of the terms Parts of Artery
3. RBC, Platelet, Vein, WBC
Ans: Vein Categorisation for the rest of the terms Components of blood
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4. Vena cava, Vein, Artery, Venule
Ans: Artery Categorisation for the rest of the Parts of Vein
E. Briefly mention the main function of each of the fallowing.
For example, ear: hearing;
1. Heart: pumping of blood;
2. Capillaries: exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes between the blood and the
cells in the body.
3. WBCs: defend the body against harmful foreign bodies.
4. Pulmonary vein: carries oxygenated blood.
5. Pulmonary artery: carries deoxygenated blood.
F. Write the exact location of the following.
1. Heart: centre of the chest cavity, pointing slightly to the left.
2. Ventricles: lower chambers of the heart.
3. Aorta: largest artery in the heart.
4. Capillaries: around organs and tissues of the body.
5. Pulmonary semi-lunar valve: pulmonary artery.
G. Give reason for the following.
1. The RBCs are red in colour:The RBCs are red in colour due to the presence of a red-
coloured, iron-containing pigment called haemoglobin in RBCs.
2. In human heart, there is no intermixing of the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
= In human heart, these is no intermixing of the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
because of the presence of the wall called septum dividing the left side of the heart
from the right.
3. Veins have valves at regular intervals: Veins have valves at regular intervals to
prevent the backflow of blood.
4. The WBCs provide immunity to our body: The WBCs provide immunity to our body by
producing chemicals called antibodies to destroy harmful foreign bodies.
5. Regular consumption of fatty food can cause heart diseases:Regular consumption of
fatty food can cause heart disease as it led to deposition of fats (cholesterol) along the
walls of the arteries. This increases the blood pressure and may even cause a heart
attack.
H. Differentiate between the following pair of words on the basis of the term mentioned
within brackets.
1. Heart and blood vessel. (function): Heart pumps the blood but blood vessels comprise
a network of hollow tubes present throughout the body through which blood flows.
2. Blood and plasma. (constituent): Blood is composed of two components: plasma and
blood cells. About 92% of the volume of plasma is water and the remaining 8% contains
dissolved substances such as proteins, glucose, minerals, ions, and hormones.
3. Pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein. (origin): Pulmonary artery originates from right
ventricle and the pulmonary vein originates from the left atrium.
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4. Artery and vein. (Condition of wall): Artery is thick-walled but vein is thin-walled.
5. RBC and WBC. (shape): Mature RBCs are biconcave in shape but WBCs are irregular in
shape.
I. Define the following.
1. Pulse: Pulse is defined as a pressure wave transmitted through the arteries as the
ventricular contraction forces fresh blood into it.
2. Heartbeat: One complete contraction and relaxation of the heart makes up a
heartbeat.
3. Blood pressure: The pressure exerted by blood on the walls of the arteries is called
blood pressure.
4. Aorta: The largest artery is called aorta. It leaves the left ventricle, carrying
oxygenated blood to all parts of the body.
5. Blood vessels: Blood vessels comprise a network of hollow tubes present through the
body through which blood flows.
1. RBCs:
• Biconcave and have no nucleus.
• Red due topresence of haemoglobin.
• Transport oxygen
• Formed in red bone marrow
• No nucleus provides more space in cell for haemoglobin
• Absence of mitochondria so that oxygen is not utilized by the cell itself
• Biconcave shape provides more surface area for the diffusion of gases and also
helps
them flow through thin capillaries in a single line.
2. WBCs:
• Round or irregular in shape, and have nucleus.
• Colourless
• Destroy harmful germs by engulfing them by phagocytosis
• Formed in white bone marrow
3. Platelets:
• Verysmall and irregular in shape with no nucleus.
• Colourless
• Helpin clotting of blood
• Formed in large bone marrow cells
Lymph and Tissue Fluid:
• Tissue Fluid: Fluid present in the intercellular cells of the capillaries.
• Lymph Capillaries: Tiny, thin-walled, blind ending tubes

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 • Lymph: Straw coloured fluid that contains blood plasma without RBCs, platelets
and plasma
proteins.
• Contains special WBCs called Lymphocytes that fight against infection.
J. Short answer questions.
1. Name the three types of blood cells and blood vessels.
Ans: The three types of blood cells are –
i) Red Blood Cells or Erythrocytes;
ii) White Blood Cells or Leucocytes;
iii) Platelets or Thrombocytes;
The three types of blood vessels are - i) Arteries; ii) Veins; and iii) Capillaries;
2. What are the components of plasma?
Ans: About 92% of the volume of plasma is water and the remaining 8% contains
dissolved substances such as proteins, glucose, minerals, ions, and hormones.
3. Name the blood group that is the universal donor and the blood group that is the
universal recipient.
Ans: Name the blood group that is the universal donor is O and the blood group that is
the universal recipient is AB.
4. Name the blood vessels entering the heart and state their role.
Ans: Two large veins, the superior and inferior vena cava, bring deoxygenated blood
from different parts of the body into the right ventricle. The pulmonary vein brings
oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium.
5. Name the blood vessels leaving the heart and state their role.
Ans: The largest artery, called the aorta, leaves the left ventricle, carrying oxygenated
blood to all parts of the body. The pulmonary artery leaves the right ventricle carrying
deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
6. What is the function of atrio-ventricular valve in human heart?
Ans: Regulates the flow of blood inside the heart. It ensures that the flow of blood is only
in one direction in the heart.
K. Long answer questions.
1. Enumerate the functions of blood.
Ans: Following are the main function
 It is the fluid for transporting the substances such as nutrients, hormones, and
oxygen to all the body cells.
 It also helps in carrying metabolic wastes like carbon dioxide and urea away from
the body cells to the excretory organs so that these can be removed from the
body.
2. Give difference between artery, vein and capillary.

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 ARTERIES VEINS CAPILLARIES
1) These blood vessels 1) These blood vessels 1) These blood vessels are
have thick walls and carry have thin walls and carry narrow and have very thin
blood from the heart to blood from different body walls, they connect arteries
different body parts. parts to the heart. and veins.
2) They do not have 2) They have valves and
2) They do not have valves.
valves. prevent backflow of blood.
3) All the veins carry 3) As it connects arteries
3) All the arteries carry
deoxygenated blood and veins, therefore, it
oxygenated blood except
except the pulmonary contains both oxygenated
the pulmonary artery.
vein. and deoxygenated blood.

STRUCTURE OF HEART

Structure of the heart: - The heart has four chambers.

i) Atria: - Atria are the two thin-walled, upper chambers of the heart. They receive blood
from different organs of the body and pump it into the ventricles.
ii) Ventricles: - Ventricles are two thick walled, lower chambers of the heart. These pump
the blood received from the atria out of the heart to the different organs to the body.
The right atrium and right ventricle together pump the deoxygenated blood. The left
atrium and the left ventricle together pump the oxygenated blood. A wall, called
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 septum, present in the middle of the heart, divides the left side of the heart from the
right. It thus prevents the intermixing of the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
iii) Blood vessels entering the heart: - Two large veins, the superior and inferior vena
cava, bring deoxygenated blood from different parts of the body into the right ventricle.
The pulmonary vein brings oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium.
iv) Blood vessels leaving the heart: - The largest artery, called the aorta, leaves the left
ventricle, carrying oxygenated blood to all parts of the body. The pulmonary artery
leaves the right ventricle carrying deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
v) Bicuspid Valve: Presentbetween the left atrium and left ventricle. Also known as
Mitral Valve.
vi) Tricuspid Valve: Present between the right atrium and right ventricle.
Consists of 3 flaps.
vii) Pulmonary Semi-Lunar Valve: Present at the base of the pulmonary artery.
Consists of 3 flaps.
viii) Aortic Semi-Lunar Valve: Present at the baseof the aorta. Consists of 3 flaps.
ix) Superior and inferior vena cava: Brings deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.
x) Pulmonary Vein: Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
xi) Pulmonary Artery: Brings deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to the lungs.
xii) Aorta: Carried oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.
xiii) Blood vessels: Heart—Artery—Arteriole—Capillary—Venule—Vein—Heart
Explain blood circulation in human heart.

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 Oxygen-poor blood is collected from body parts through superior and inferior vena cava
into the right atrium of the heart, which is then pumped to lungs through the pulmonary
artery.
 Then the oxygen-rich blood from the lungs is transferred to the left atrium through the
pulmonary vein, which is then pumped to all other body parts through the aorta.
A shorter path, called the Pulmonary circulation, transports blood between the heart
and the lungs. Deoxygenated blood form the right side of the heart flows into the lungs.
From the lungs, the oxygenated blood flows to the left side of the heart.
A longer path, called Systemic circulation, transports blood between the heart and the
entire body. Oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart flows to the rest of the
body. The deoxygenated blood from the body cells is then returned to the right side of
the heart
BLOOD DONATION:
 A person with blood group O does not possess any antigen and is called a
universal donor. This person can donate blood to a person of any blood group.
 A person with blood group AB has both the antigens A and B and is called a
universal recipient. Such a person can receive blood from a person of any blood
group.