ELECTRIC POTENTIAL Electrostatic Force • The magnitude of the electrostatic force F between point charges q1 and q2 is separated by a distance r is given by Coulomb’s Law. • Left: Like charges • Right: Unlike charges ELECTRIC FIELD ELECTRIC FIELD • is an area of electrical influence around a CHARGED OBJECT. Represented by the unit newton per coulomb (N/C) • Electric fields are drawn to represent the way a positively charged particle would move if placed in a field represented by the a or multiple standing charges. • Lines are drawn to represent the field • Spacing between the lines show field strength • Arrows are drawn to represent directions of the field • Arrows point away from the positive and toward the negative in the direction a positive charge would travel in the field ELECTRIC FIELD DRAWING ELECTRIC FIELD • Lines are drawn to represent the field • Spacing between the lines show field strength • Arrows are drawn to represent directions of the field • Arrows point away from the positive and toward the negative in the direction a positive charge would travel in the field Variable: Name (unit) • E: electrical field (N/C) • F: force (N) • q: charge (C) • k: constant (For air, k = 9.0 x 109 N·m2/C2) • d: distance (m) EXAMPLE • You pull a wool sweater over your head, which charges as it created friction with your cotton shirt. What is the electrical field at a location where a 1.30 x 10-19 C piece of lint experiences a force of 3.2 x 10-9 N as it floats? EXAMPLE • How far are you from a charge of 3.25 x 10-6 Coulombs when there is an electrical field of 18.1 N/C? ELECTRIC FLUX AND GAUSS’ LAW GAUSS’ LAW GAUSS’ LAW GAUSS’ LAW
• Constant ε0 =8.85×10−12 𝐶 2 /𝑁𝑚2
EXAMPLE Find the net electric charge in the sphere EXAMPLE A point charge of −2μC is located at the center of a cube with sides L=5cm. What is the net electric flux through the surface? What direction is the flux going to? EXAMPLE A charge is located inside the cube (is not at the center)
(a) Find the net electric flux passing through the surface of the cube? (b) Can you find the electric field on the surface of the cube using Gauss's law?
