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GRAPES Chart - ANCIENT CLASSICAL GREECE

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137 views3 pages

GRAPES Chart - ANCIENT CLASSICAL GREECE

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skapmuels
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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GRAPES Chart Civilization: Ancient & Classical Greece

Word Definition Key Terms Important Concepts/Details

Geography The study of the The terrain of the Grecian geography was very rocky and
Earth’s surface & mountainous, with many islands in the Aegean Sea. This made travel
climates and how on land difficult and led to the development of separate city-states
this influenced the with their own forms of government.
civilization
Some city-states, like Athens, used ships to develop extensive trade
routes as well as colonies for growing grain to feed their growing
populations and providing raw materials for their artisans.

Religion Belief in one or The Greek city-states shared a common polytheistic religion with a
more gods and pantheon of 12 gods and goddesses who were believed to live on
the religious Mount Olympus.
practices involved
Each city-state had its own patron god or goddess to whom they built
a temple, but other gods and goddesses were also worshiped with
festivals. The gods/goddesses were immortal but they could behave
very badly and cause much disruption to humanity.

The Greeks developed many myths to explain natural as well as


historical events. These stories provided material for art, story-telling,
theater, music, and other cultural and artistic expressions.

Achievements Important
accomplishments
in art,
architecture,
literature, science,
mathematics, etc.
Politics Ideas and City-state The two most powerful Greek city-states were Athens and Sparta.
activities relating Sparta blended several governmental systems: they had two kings, a
to government council of elders, and an assembly of citizens. Sparta geared their
and power society around the military in order to control the helots, enslaved
workers, who farmed while Spartans trained extensively for battle.

Athens started as a monarchy, evolved into an oligarchy ruled by


aristocrats, and eventually became a direct democracy through a
series of reforms by Solon, Cleisthenes, and Pericles. While their
citizens had military training, they were more focused on trade and
culture, and their education system, which highlighted reasoning and
public speaking, ensured knowledgable citizens who could rule
themselves.

Economics The study of the From the beginning, Greek city-states relied on trade to import
production of sufficient food for their populations as well as raw materials, which
goods and their artisans used to create trade items of value, such as pottery,
successful means jewelry, sculptures, and other items. They also relied on colonies for
of trade farmland, as the rocky terrain of Greece was difficult to cultivate.

Many battles with Persians and others involved protecting colonies


and valuable trade routes in the Mediterranean and beyond.

Every polis (city-state) had an agora (open air marketplace), which


was not only for buying and selling goods but also for exchanging
political and philosophical ideas and for performances by bards
(story-tellers) and others.
Social The organization In most Greek city-states, those with land were wealthy and therefore
Structures of people and the at the top of the social hierarchy. Below them would be merchants
way they live in and artisans. Next would be farmers, herders, fishermen, and sailors.
this society At the bottom would be unskilled laborers and slaves.

In Sparta, the majority of workers were the helots, who were forced
laborers from prisoners of war. In Athens, democratic reforms
eventually allowed all native-born men to be citizens who were
expected to serve as part of the government, regardless of wealth.

In Sparta, women had more rights than Athenian women. They could
own businesses and took responsibility for the family while their
husbands served in the military. Upper class Athenian women were
expected to remain in the home except for religious festivals.
Working class women had more freedom, few women received an
education.

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