Algal Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/algal
Insight into mechanism, Box-Behnken design, and artificial neural network
of cationic dye biosorption by marine macroalgae Fucus spiralis Latifa Boukarma, Abdelali Aboussabek, Fatima El Aroussi, Mohamed Zerbet, Fouad Sinan, Mohamed Chiban * Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Ibnou Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T
Keywords: In this study, an efficient adsorbent prepared from Fucus spiralis (FSB) macroalgae was used in the removal of Macroalgae methylene blue (MB) as a hazardous dye from aqueous solution. The estimated specific surface area of FSB using Fucus spiralis MB method was 1820 m2/g. Kinetics and isotherm modeling revealed that the experimental data fit well with Mechanism pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models and a significant adsorption capacity of approximately 854 mg/g was Methylene blue Adsorption calculated. The thermodynamic study suggested the spontaneity and endothermic nature of the process. The Modeling adsorption mechanism of MB dye onto FSB involved electrostatic, π-π, and hydrogen bonding interactions. Dye removal was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box Behnken design, and five variables were investigated, namely FSB dose (10–100 mg), contact time (10–240 min), MB concentration (50–1000), pH (2− 12) and temperature (25–35 ◦ C). The accuracy of RSM in predicting the removal of MB was compared with that of artificial neural network method (ANN). ANN and RSM approaches showed adequate and comparable predictions, with R2 of 0.98 and 0.96, respectively. The findings indicated that Fucus spiralis-based adsorbent could be a potential solution for colored wastewater depollution.
1. Introduction Various parameters can affect the removal of a pollutant, whether
organic or inorganic from aqueous solutions. Among these, the most Water is the Earth's most precious resource, and due to demographic frequently examined are adsorbent mass, contact time, pollutant con growth this water source is contaminated either directly by human be centration, pH of the solution and temperature. The traditional opti ings or by their industrial activities. Wastewater from various sectors, mization method involves varying one factor while holding the others such as laboratories and industry, contains toxic pollutants such as dyes. constant. However, this approach is costly, time-consuming and ignores Today this untreated discharge is a serious challenge, as its direct reject crucial issues such as interactions between parameters. These limita is harmful to the equilibrium of the receiving environment. These ef tions can be overcome by applying a method of collective optimization fluents affect the quality of the marine ecosystem, leading to an increase of all effective parameters based on an empirical statistical design such in toxicity, an increase in chemical oxygen demand and a reduction in as the response surface methodology (RSM). Many researchers have light penetration. Over recent years, water contamination caused by the employed RSM to maximize the removal of a pollutant or a mixture of aggressive use of synthetic dyes has become a major environmental pollutants from polluted solution [9–14]. This is primarily due to the issue, and as estimated, around 700,000 t of different types of dyes can advantages that this method offers compared to the classical approach be produced each year for use in a variety of applications as printing, [11,15–17]. RSM estimates a response by considering various levels of textiles and dyeing [1]. The dye concentration in industrial discharged factors and finding the best operational conditions to maximize a sys wastewater was estimated approximately between 10 and 200 mg/L [2]. tem's performance, with the advantage of getting a large amount of in Several physico-chemical techniques have been applied to remove these formation from a limited number of experiments [18]. Statistical pollutants from wastewater such as advanced oxidation [3], membrane optimization was carried out through the application of the Box- filtration [4], coagulation-flocculation, [5] and adsorption which Behnken design (BBD). BBD facilitates process optimization by received considerable attention in the light of published data [6–8]. lowering operational expenses, reducing treatment duration, and
