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nGET 211 Lecture 1

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94 views22 pages

nGET 211 Lecture 1

Uploaded by

okehdavid01
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GET 211

Computer
and Software
Engineering
Table of contents
1. Introduction to computers and computing;
2. Computer organization –data processing, memory, registers and addressing schemes;
3. Boolean algebra;
4. Floating-point arithmetic; representation of non-numeric information;
5. Problem-solvingand algorithm development;
6. Coding (solution design using flowcharts and pseudo codes).
7. Data models and data structures;
8. Computer software and operating system;
9. Computer operators and operators precedence;
10. Components of computer programs;
11. Introduction to object oriented, structured and visual programming;
12. Use of MATLAB in engineering applications.
13. ICT fundamentals, Internet of Things (IoT).
14. Elements of software engineering.
Introduction to
Computers and
Computing
Understanding the Basics
Introduction to Computers
and Computing
Introduction to Computers
and Computing
what is computing?
computing is the use of computers and software to process,
manage, and communicate information.

computing System
The computing system is made up of the computer system,
the user and the environment in which the computer is
operated

The Computer System


The computer system is made up of the hardware and the software.
Introduction to Computers
and Computing
Introduction to Computers
and Computing
Introduction to Computers
and Computing
Most common Input devices are keyboard and Mouse
Basic Computer Organization
Memory (Storage):
Primary Memory: RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read-Only Memory) directly
accessible by the CPU.
Secondary Memory: Long-term storage like hard drives, SSDs, and external devices.

Central Processing Unit (CPU): A CPU is brain of a computer. It is responsible for all functions
and processes. Regarding computing power, the CPU is the most important element of a
computer system.
The CPU is comprised of three main parts :
Control Unit (CU): Directs the operation of the processor. It interprets instructions from
memory and executes them.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs arithmetic and logical operations.
Registers: Small, fast storage locations within the CPU used for temporary data storage.
Software

Software is a set of instructions that tells the computer what to do.


1. Operating System (OS): The operating system (OS) is a critical
piece of software that manages hardware resources and provides
common services for computer programs. examples are: Windows,
macOS, Linux.
2. Application Software: Programs for specific tasks (Microsoft
office, Adobe Photoshop).
3. Firmware: Permanent software for hardware components.
By size:
Microcomputers: Personal
computers (desktops, laptops).
By purpose:
Minicomputers: Mid-range servers
used in small businesses. General-purpose computers:
Mainframes: Powerful systems Designed for a variety of tasks
(e.g., personal computers).
used in large organizations for bulk Special-purpose computers:
data processing. Designed for specific tasks (e.g.,
Supercomputers: Extremely fast embedded systems in cars,
computers used for scientific appliances).
simulations and research.

Classification
of Computers
The Evolution
of Computers
First Generation (1940-1956):
Based on vacuum tubes.
Large and inefficient, consumed a lot of power.
Example: ENIAC, UNIVAC.
Second Generation (1956-1963):
Based on transistors.
Smaller, faster, and more energy-efficient than vacuum tube computers.
Example: IBM 1401.
Third Generation (1964-1971):
Based on integrated circuits (ICs).
Increased computing power and reduced size.
Example: IBM System/360.
Fourth Generation (1971-present):
Based on microprocessors.
Personal computers (PCs) became available.
Examples: Apple II, IBM PC.
Fifth Generation (Future):
Based on artificial intelligence (AI) and quantum computing.
Aimed at making computers that can think and learn like
humans.
Introduction to Data Processing and Storage
what is DATA?
Data are Raw, unprocessed facts and figures (e.g., numbers, text, images).

Data Processing
Data processing refers to the trasformation of raw data into meaningful
information.
Data Processing Cycle:
Input: Raw data is fed into the system.
Processing: CPU processes the input data using
instructions from software.
Output: The processed data is output as useful
information.
Storage: Processed data or output can be stored
for future use.
Introduction to Data Processing and Storage
Types of Data Processing:
1. Batch Processing: Processing in large datasets in batches.
2. Real-time Processing: Processing data immediately as it’s
generated.
3. Distributed Processing: Processing data across multiple devices or
nodes.

DATA STORAGE
Data storage refers to holding data in a permanent or temporary
location.
Introduction to Data Processing and Storage
Types of Data Storage:
1. Primary Storage: RAM (Random Access Memory), Cache.
2. Secondary Storage: Hard Disk Drives (HDD), Solid-State Drives (SSD),
Flash drives
3. Tertiary Storage: Tape drives, optical storage.

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