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DC Module 2-2

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
42 views15 pages

DC Module 2-2

Uploaded by

rakshanjingade95
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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.

:;
*
-
Non

PSk
thu
•In

Ceheunt
Aitulion
d

2o)u|2094
loheunt
iyenaton
and (Phaue

medulation
Jer
nud Jen
x

FSK(Frununy
phau
that
not th
a thú
dht
ii
phasL.
dhit
be and
hax

Kuy)
synchlud
tan DIGITAL

ay
dition
sipnnl
mc),
dttion
wt

hasL.
tan we Ku)-Nay MODULE
Cstgnal)
in cct)
sunchmlsid.
bu lsL
Phau,
UBL
and -02
sunst

uanlg fuaumuy sct)


Sruqunay,
notse TECHNIQUES

cavus
ls ard
e
ditiunt,
sheuld
tiat
len
MODULATION
hnalitud.
sam
both

å
(onstant
thannl.
amplitudu
fuquy
and
Lhe
'n
and
phau
tansmill
tomstont
huguny
codn

he ha den n
In

= -
S,(t) ASK
o)s, ASK
funatin
i ct)
angy

o
waluu

ud
have 9,ct)

=--A
():
3
diyntet

Binany
BPSK

Jt
i
2
10
on.
to s, A(65 Psk
mtdiulatng
Transnting'
thu
dpndnt t) (Binany

A =
-
Inde

A t
N=1] ct)
Ct) ioo ose
en CS2n}ct nct
up

:
slgna!
uphusnt Chsu
he Sy
pndtnt
4)
E,S't) S1Ct)
thi
Ct) 2
ces tes sIgnals

dhft
kntun

dt
n
slanals

nct amct
s,
stqnal,

tneputod
atgnal
C) ON,
tu is Kuyp)

|M=2] And
ds s1.The

and oFF
fen rumbn

of

o<tsTs
c
ignal

c)
N=1
chanul
ertheMrumal
Kuytng?

bnxà
tho
Thu

=
3,C+)

-
|A Eb =
Eb
Wk.T

Algnal

s,
Ct)
V
Tb
T
Tb 2Eb
ATb

+
Tb
Eb=

=
S,ct)

Tb

mtineUnal
A*
Th

,
Jn
slnyhc

To
Aln

Hnct

Les*2Nhct
kundtion

Tb
dt

=
t)

VE,s(t)

ohuu

E, 1+
2
the cos29

ny

S
2 Su
= l=
I the

=
-
S1
1,2

=
; )
1,2 waen
S,(t)
Tb
- Qpuandting
--
Tb

JEb Sa VEo
M SIJ thu
VEb
Ct)
SIj
(t).
,ct) stgnal

j=
dt ce) in
dt
-
1,---

M
Sict)
toms

of
;ct)

dt
edhonrunal
[¢.
bsi

=
1
ce)-dt

kunilin
Sn

,
St()
utth Snput
with

)
wlt)

,
uqion

lunnatin
NRz Z1

onstullaim
amplitud
and
ampltud"
P)
Ooelt 1vs ii
laqam:
to ottim
-JEb

Ruatven
-a

Jeonsmtin
ansmittd

BPSK

Qwtee
Tho
Duision
Butput

chorn 6t)

W)
Ihu
X(t)
S
CenAtillatien
symbol

Snput
and -
Bhauy Rigton

-(Eb JEs T:
diogam:
psn
Za

6
Tb

o J-JE
otutlon
Jhans S,Ct)
halps
Pelan

mttn fo t)
Net (e).
dt
BPSK
mak t)
dt
odirslie
(BD,
drtsion

,c)
enstillonen
SiCt)

dingam
Hpe
that
Th
>0hun
af is Jhs

dutsion
thi btt
muan dynbel

; o;

Porebabtlty
k
= dhantl

i
dutteutput

cf
-TEb VEb

E tt ter

ú btt ,"4

channul
th
CX B o Th
+Wa
;
u

. oi
sc):-/E
Bit

dutsfe
Intgratin
Bit
nelsy, BPSK
mhu.
o Ó,

Tansmttud.
mad. ut (2
Hesa
by to

tiansmlttd
omparid

the

marks)
Jsansmttid
aansmttud
dulston
gruatn otth

(t)(atgnting
h a,thu

channil
dwtcl

thu

nugatlvt
patlvc

whtu may
b in hnshold

noe

dutsion
thu
hos
a chantotstics
n fav
ots
sahu

in
ampltud)
ampltiud)

tto
mor
bl, th
miintnputid.
bei
Pe t,>0
Thu
Co)
t = 0hen

condttlonal
sumbtl

P(z,>0/
o

.
Oymbot wns

o
No
No
Tuonsm
p(t
Larsmtttd
No -(z
FC1+/Eb)27
|E)] tid)
VEo)
VE)?
Pe Pe Pe

Pe
=
lo)

=
Co) lo)

= =

du,VNo
Po)

Pe dz,

+ -
.
to

P(O)
c2.
du.

e -
du
du -u
Peli)
du
JNo

,
ce)
tu

nlu
=
S,t) s(t)

=2E
1'5

Ombol

- ADdntton
os dwvalion

)
N=2
(27

sn2nct
(lnsic

= t)
(a+b)
fct
t
(3net

ZVID'S
2Tb
btt PsK

a h
tes
and x
dwatien

-
funitin)

M
cosb
Lohan Lrq,
one's

I=4
&tna I=2
()
sinb
temttalion
oo's|
i-
Su Si=

Consttl
Lalon
01 I0
Binan

dt
E -E
Ain
=
|St)

JE
(2e
dagam:

4
(al-)

(a1-)
3N

•.
Phas

)
l=4

SH )-
j:2
ain

Mesae (E (ai-)

(5A) 4c))
coordinat
ID
nany
zt)

X2

NRZ Polan

=-E QPSK

sin QPSK

a
+
(2i-),

w
Ruver Jonsmttn
T=0

bel

S
Ct)

buput
Murnany
The

ondtnal
=
Pe

1-Pe

rnd
prsbaltlity
No

2o2
Fe-)
dnsty

funlen

a
xandnm
dution

=
(Pe)

P,>)

P(X2>0)
so (
E)
Ntable.x,
The
d
No
=
probability
VIT dx
JTTNo
No that
No
VTTNO
V
E
No2
K,>0

is
dx

du
No No gon 2
No exp-(x-
Fox,-/)
by N/2

E)
Poatabclaty
dnstty

furaltòn
Pe

=
Bubstint
P(K>0)

=|-
thu fe

-
abovt

V
2ND
2No
du
zqualen

y
in

DOEN

t
()e
dz

Sh he
• . th
'ud*Jen *
ytnlou
S,t) •s,ct) Whn Whn i net Nen Nen

symbol
popaty

nue,
and and
btt
w be
nuclvtd
0
1 kntun

i
slgnals
oh.S,(t)
in
SCt

hun
t s
pau
-tthunt -ohuunt

-
Pe

sheud

be
we 1
-
Non
synchortyd
edun dtdion
dahtion
hove qet
to un Jn thi

-
Alhegonal
S2
-
Wor
NoEb |2
bunsmlttud
on to
to
cohunt 2No Eb
ditut trms
Ct) S,(t) Dnms
ethogenal
Ct)
undnten

i of covtor

= to sath

St phase ethur dution.


phask
slonal
enthagnol
cehuvunt
(t
Thu/dicedu
pasd
ovold

T=2Th
The and ard E-2€b

+e) shijt iru

and
Ruetvos:
musag
dimodualion
musag
fugunay
+wt)]
1niosymtots
stgnal hare
hene stgnal dsrhon
•• muan t)
O
tQhn (Ohn
atd.

And
thu Matchd
1
itdop.
i pon Siltn

slonal
to

matthed
matthud
ct)

i to

detuctirn
matchud

tb spubal phast

wd
i
(nput)

ahiht

to (t).
gen
dnsttiy

and
No
wct)

dhiten
i
dutet

dutuctor
whtch Enualope

Envtop.
.
thu anethun

whiti
xt)

mnsage
flten
Io
netsL

Input maichud

tokltr
2
thu
wtth

z0
dvte

To)

Nuadintuu
Rutvoi

Xa, 2
Thu

)
9,
===
S
CH) S,Ct)
dtnal

Nan-

=
Pe
pnobabtlty
JEb
Tp 2€b to
Ttitn
to
Filtn

(oheunt

(t)
matohd

matchd
omon

2 1 binary

No,
4
Eb (Pe)

Fsk
is

&nwclape
dituen
dtetor

quen

by
damglu
camplu

at at
uston
t=To
tTb

\data
Bit
Jo
s, zit)
-
ct)
o 1
Bit

SaCt)= Ct) Ss(t)

dotecd

Jeb JEb
=-
+
stc)

=j 3
thu >=0

top , Tb2£h pasid

: (t)
C) wt)| 0Produt

Modulaton
sare

a will
poUAint

bt
e52N}ct
thMeugh

-=A
S,C1)
Sict) bf T5
-) aulay
conditions
PSK Stou
ces

tthu we
Band
band

Pas
Pas
-Aces

2ntct –
|S:Ct)
2nfct

A ONeny
Levnlator
ned
t=
Trltur
ltun ces Tb Šample
vnus to
to
btt.
knas

(2nfct+

the umeve
bi

puvtes
o
ut,
á9 bj-)

Lchun l<0

n
==
YCt)
Y)
=
v(t)

==
Y()
bi
Pruset
0
bt the

T pauud
Tb2eb

-
zc) bj
btt
Lm,

absente
5 Eb1+ ies?

(n
tugh ct *x(t-

)
Puvtos
nast

iasmillld
tt +o) Tb) btt
(ohfet
thu

re)
Bt
1lin)
slied
igal
ntigualn
V
Tb
RB
ktgnal
Tb

=
|Ct)

S;(t)

+0

bi
|P
Jy Thi
.Jhe Jhe
=
yCt)

di
=
and
linds
-
bi
[y=-Eb
hsune

bt thin to sampld
Butput

of |2€b
btt
1
Jljeuntlal
bt-1,
bt
-
di
1
tnctud

t
pply
th
l
Th
Y
LU0

atput DPSK
th
lzo1
ii
s yEbY=Eb
BPsK to in
Tursmittd
shiftn

CInpltude
= Thu
þasd

to samplid bit

B =
prepigalien
the:
|bi at
DPSK bt bi-1
PsK
T=
(oniguna
QnLede
bi bi-i Tb

he
not
data
st)
lko0
l>0
dedid
daheruekia
.
Th

= -=
dlay 1
Jard
di do bi
bignal
dk
Thun
In
=

Reatved
T. DPSk
1
b
o
put wtth

BPE
bk
do
bo

uquncy
Atma.
Product
dk-)
+ d-i
{bo,

Medulaten
(talay
hu + bi,
XNOR b,

Ruotvor:
id To Tb +bk b

dk do
ond
strus I d-i
muultipliun
gtn thu

----,bký
thu

Lonelaton
as

pwitous,
yCt)
butput

to
b
th outyut)

tha

--
bi
br bi

duuin
bi-)
intqutb1
;l>1
0

St .the .9n
Thefaus = St(t)

.9n
M- dutce
he

- mus whtth
age
abevr

y may

JE
M M t Ainee

-
muans qualen
KeS2N.
petna

Lach

E san
tnbuput
lettn
notse
be
Aln M bt
symle

btt
M2ri 1

wltin

in as
M
3 o-kan
upusarnti
thu bit
o
ltt
tnbputud
CeSA
the

deLon
CESB-sinAsirs
Pe .
.
|
21
bt
St)

tnelud
Signal.
Rutivd
Tb

1
bit

Intvwal
Pe bt|
inualon

to Bdal

ne
vje synbot
aymbet
k to
btts
aallit

APSK BPSK
stn
k
ntyal ynt

() PSs t=kT

t=kT
Tb

Stgtal

lenvotn
ditcten
Thushold
dituten
fatThuttd

Vh-o

k Phase

o
1
|and

Phase
Wodla

ten

bit paralll
Psk

disominala
t .9
(Rconstatgd
=t Thu Aa (H))
bo Q- ach

ao total =
st(t)
basis
and
T
a tM QAM

(
(j bo and
a,
{-3,-1,!,3
and
) (-3,-) Ca,)
33) can +I)
Ampltudu

21+1)A
bo rumler a,
i
uniton

)
Q=)
(-3) th (Phase QAM
(-,-) (-,)
l
take
PAM

tombinalin
C-l,-)
).CL+3).(L-).
PAM
j: te32nlct bf
C, I6

2
o., I-o tn
{(-L+).cL+).(L+)--
6ynltl
C1,-) (L-)f

--
(,-9
|M=16
nalues 2, ),2,
daon
by PAM
in
8ymbols.
QAM
--
uadoatwu.
(3.1)
(s) fom
bo 4,
d,
(3,-) (9,-)

L ú
ohtch

(L-)lL-)3

=
QeM tn t) atgnal

M
Cmplttud
PAM, 2ntct
gtvtn M.
by undratuu
ohve

3 -3
-2nfct
Modulalion)
PAM

tompoun
Jhe

Pe
o
a

:
Brial

bqunaynh, to

Paralll
I0I1

tlostlatin
GAM

2 -3

dtagam
(3)

oo0I(3,-1)
(L3)

utt
thaholds
|-4c0)

B€b
2CM-)

No

Bolal
tonwotn
Bancmttir

dato'

Auahud

Tb RB
4 Mlga o4
Pe A
Pe
-
Pe
Eb-
P=
=
Eb
== No =
l
brt

Puoblemis
lsume

- oye
(SxI0

3)
5x1o13 2
R
as
1
R
PTo 1uv
2M

bps)
mtoevttt.
btnay

suond
FSK

vfe
() .O.
10w)

Hz
2 ftn
bvot
(s0x Dhm
2No Eb
(2))
Mbps
yc on
10) >
=
Pe
-
No =
(228)
AWGN
V2x(2xo-20)
0.
O.999

2X1o0 58 honnt.

205x0

Jhu
wHz

netse

povn

pb
and

=
fe Eb
= -= = =
Tb No
A
Rb
SCt)
AWGN
in
a
o Po Rb 2x 10"

w] 1103
Y
0.2

MAe
hannel
bthyo

i binay

Hz tt psK

A.cOSWt
=5t+O
R= )0"wHz
P= a
1n R
P=Sx0
y

upruAAntid
V"ims systim
nat
by
tt
0.2 i
s,c)

D2.m4
A
Eb
Eb-
.The(eswet
s.The

upUsntd

and by
5xo?)

(5
taton
avten
Ü
2.sX103|
xIo S,(t)=

)
ampltud
ampltude Ace%

bunsmithd
af ws

NOafp
nhe =
Eb
No Pe Ro
< Thu
V
No
=1 =
(n) P.
I0-12
at

funton
=0.99

98
-
onye
Tb
Pey

VNo Eb
io4
1Mbps
|Hz
1M
btnary

data
1-2x/o
=10z vOIeN.

P= Eb (u) Ye
Pe bt)

l
No
tale
< 6ic
Datumin
=2x0
U .Gt
Tb 568x -(2.8) io. is
thh
10"

= x984
2-8

e1
The

ng notse
deutrud
15.6 2.9
to
u
ptur
poun
tavitn have

an
0.00O25.
pruh sputum

at
hu dristy
OVoage
BSK

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