Revision sheet (logarithm function)

Question 1:

Choose the correct answer and justify your choice:

a b c
1 -∞ 0 +∞
1) lim+ =
𝑥→𝑒 𝑥(𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 1)
The solutions of equation 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −5 𝑥 = 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −5 1
𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 =
2) 𝑙𝑛2 (𝑥) + 4𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 5 = 0 are: 𝑒5
1−𝑥 0 −∞ +∞
lim+ 𝑙𝑛 ( )=
3) 𝑥→0 𝑥
2
4) 𝑙𝑛 ( 3 ) − ln(2𝑒) − 2 = 2 0 -6
𝑒
The set of solutions of the inequality
5) 𝑙𝑛 (
𝑥+2
) ≥ 0 𝑖𝑠: 2 𝟐
]𝟑 , 𝟐[
2
]3 , 2]
3𝑥−2 ]∞; −2[ ∪ ] , +∞[
3

The derivative of the function : 𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 2 −𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 1

6) 1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥(𝑙𝑛𝑥−1) is : (𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 𝑥)2 (𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 𝑥)2 (𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 𝑥)2

Question 2:

A- Let g be the function defined over 0;+ by g(x) = x +ln x .

1) Calculate lim 𝑔(𝑥) and lim 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥→0 𝑥→+∞
2) Set up the table of variations of g.
3) Prove that the equation g(x) = 0 has a unique solution  and verify that 0.5  0.6.
4) Determine, according to the values of x, the sign of g(x).
B- Consider the function f defined over 0;+ by f (x) = x(2ln x +x −2) .

(
Designate by (C) the representative curve of f in an orthonormal system O; 𝑖⃗ , 𝑗⃗⃗ )
1) Calculate lim 𝑓(𝑥) and lim 𝑓(𝑥)and determine f(e).
𝑥→0 𝑥→+∞
2) Prove that f () = −(+2) .
3) Verify that f '(x) = 2g(x) and set up the table of variations of f.
4) Draw (C). (Take α = 0.55).
 Question 3
𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥−2
Let f be the function defined on 0;+ , by f(x) = + .
2 𝑥
and (C) its representative curve in an orthonormal system (O; i ; j ).
Prove that the y-axis is an asymptote to (C).
𝑥
Calculate lim f(x) and prove that the line (d) of equation 𝑦 = 2 is an asymptote to (C).
x →+

𝑥 2 −2𝑙𝑛𝑥+6
Verify that 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = .
2𝑥 2
The table at right is the table of variations x 0 1 +∞
of the function h defined by: h(x)= 𝑥 2 − 2𝑙𝑛𝑥+6 ℎ′ (𝑥)
0
Verify that f is strictly increasing on 0;+ . ℎ(𝑥) +∞ +∞
7
then draw its table of variation.
Draw (C).

Prove that the equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 admit an unique solution α ∈ [1 , 2]

Question 4

a b c
𝑙𝑛𝑥 1 0 +∞
1) lim =
𝑥→1 𝑥 − 1
The solutions of equation 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 3 𝑥 = 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 3 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 𝑒 3
2) 𝑙𝑛2 𝑥 − 4𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 3 = 0 are:
5−𝑥 0 −∞ +∞
3) lim 𝑙𝑛 ( )=
𝑥→0+ 𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑒 3 − 4𝑙𝑛√𝑒 + 𝑙𝑛𝑒 −2 = -1 0 1
4)
The derivative of the function : 𝑥+1 −𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥
1+𝑙𝑛𝑥
5) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 is : 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥

Question 5

Calculate the following limits:

6 5𝑙𝑛𝑥 −𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 5
a) lim (1 + − ) 𝑏) lim
𝑥→0+ 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥→+∞ 𝑥
𝑐) lim (𝑙𝑛𝑥)2 − 3𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 1 .
𝑥→+∞
 Question 6

Solve the following equations and inequalities:

1) 2lnx-3=0.
−𝑥+3
2) 𝑙𝑛 ( )=2
𝑥
3) −2𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 5 < 3.
𝑥+3
4) 𝑙𝑛 ( ) ≤ 0.
𝑥
5) (𝑙𝑛𝑥)2 − 4𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 5 = 0

Question 7

1
Let f be the function defined on ]𝑒 ; +∞[ by f(x) =
𝑥(𝑙𝑛𝑥−1)
, and (C) its
representative curve in an orthonormal system (O; i ; j ).
1) a) Determine the limits of f at the bounds of its domain of definition.
b) Deduce the asymptotes to (C).
−𝑙𝑛𝑥
2) a) prove that 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = .
(𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥−𝑥)2
b) Study the variations of f and draw its table of variations.
c) Draw (C).

Question 8

Let f be the function defined on 0;+ ,by f(x) = 1 x + 1 + ln x .

2 x
and (C) its representative curve in an orthonormal system (O; i ; j ).
1) Prove that the line x = 0 is an asymptote to (C).
1
2) a) Calculate lim f(x) and prove that the line (d) y = x is an asymptote to (C).
x →+ 2
b) Determine the coordinates of E, point of intersection of the line (d) and the curve (C).
3) Verify that f (x)= x
2
− 2 ln x .
2x 2
4) The table at right is the table of variations
of the function h defined by: x 0 1 +∞
′
h(x) = x 2 − 2 ln x . ℎ (𝑥) 0
a) Verify that f is strictly increasing on 0;+ . h(x) +∞ +∞
b) Let W be a point of (C) of abscissa 1 . 1
Write an equation of the tangent (D) to (C) at the point W.
5) Draw (C) and the lines (d) and (D) .
Question 9

Consider the function f defined on 0; 2 par f(x) = ln 

x .
 
2−x 
Designate by (C) its representative curve in an orthonormal system (O; i ; j ).
1) Determine the limits of f at 0 and 2 and deduce the asymptotes to (C).
2) Study the variations of f and draw its table of variations.
3) Prove that the point A (1; 0) is a center of symmetry of (C).

Question 10

a + b ( ln x )

Let f be the function defined on 0;+ by f (x ) = .
x
We know that (C f ) passes through the point A (1;1) and admits in this point a tangent of equation
y = 1.
1) prove that a = b = 1 .

2) Write the equation of the tangent (t ) to (C f ) at the point of point (C f ) of abscissa e.

Question 11

Part A

Consider the function g defined over ]0 ; +∞[ by 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥

1) Study the variations of g and set up its table of variations.
2) Calculate g(1) then deduce the sign g(x)

Part B
𝑙𝑛𝑥
Let f be the function defined on ]0 ; +∞[ by f(x) = 𝑥 + 1 − 𝑥 .
(C) its representative curve in an orthonormal system (O ,𝑖⃗ , 𝑗⃗).
1) a) Determine the limits of f at the bounds of its domain of definition.
b) Deduce an asymptote to (C).
c) Show that the line (d) of equation y = 𝑥 + 1 is an asymptote to ( C ) .
d) Study, according to the values of x the relative positions of (C ) and (d).
𝑔(𝑥)
2) Prove that 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = , then draw the table of variations of f .
𝑥2
3) Draw (d) and (C ).
Question 12

Part A

Consider the function g defined over ]0 ; +∞[ by 𝑔(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 − 2 + 2𝑙𝑛𝑥

1) Study the variations of g and set up its table of variations.
2) Deduce that g(x) < 0 for every x ∈ ]0 , +∞[

Part B
𝑙𝑛𝑥
Let f be the function defined on ]0 ; +∞[ by f(x) =−𝑥 + 5 − 2 𝑥 .
(C) its representative curve in an orthonormal system (O ,𝑖⃗ , 𝑗⃗).
1) a) Determine the limits of f at the bounds of its domain of definition.
b) Deduce an asymptote to (C).
c) Show that the line (d) of equation y = −𝑥 + 5 is an asymptote to ( C ) .
d) Study, according to the values of x the relative positions of (C ) and (d).
𝑔(𝑥)
2) Prove that 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = , then draw the table of variations of f .
𝑥2
3) Draw (d) and (C ).