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34 views3 pages

PC.5 Notes

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h87bnzmcg2
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18

PC.5 Notes: Or Probabilities

P(A or B)

The probability of either A or B occurring (or both) is

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B).

1. Probability of rolling a 6 or a 2 on 2. The probability of rolling a 6 or an


one roll of a die. even number on one roll.

3. Picking a face card or a diamond when drawing 4. Picking a picture card or a two from a
one card from a standard deck of cards. standard deck of cards when you pick one
card.

5. Use the data to answer the following questions. Round your answer to the nearest hundredth.

a. What is the probability of selecting a Republican? Did


Not
Voted Vote Total
b. What is the probability of selecting somebody Democrat 98 22 120
who did not vote? Republican 72 58 130
Total 170 80 250

c. What is the probability of selecting a Republican who did not vote?

d. What is the probability of selecting a Republican or a person that did not vote?
19
6. You draw one card from a standard deck of cards. Find the probability of drawing either a picture card
or a red 7.

7. You draw one card from a standard deck of cards. Find the probability of drawing either a queen or a
club.

8. You draw one card from a standard deck of cards. Find the probability of drawing either a 5 or a black
card.

9. You select one person at random from a room with eight people: two Democratic men, two Republican
men, two Democratic women, and two Republican women. What is the probability that you will select
either a woman or a Democrat?

10. The mathematics department of a college has 9 male professors, 12 female professors, 4 male adjuncts,
and 3 female adjuncts. If a person is selected at random from the group, find the probability that the
selected person is:

a. An adjunct. b. A professor or a male.

c. An adjunct or a female. d. An adjunct or professor.

11. You spin the given spinner once. Find the probability that the pointer will stop on:
a. an odd number or a number greater than 3. b. an odd number or the number 3.

c. a 3 or a ten

12. Use the data to answer the following questions.

Eye Color Black Brown Blue Green Gray Total


Female 20 30 10 15 10 85
Male 25 15 12 20 10 82
Total 45 45 22 35 20 167

a. What is the probability of selecting a person with brown eyes or a female?

b. What is the probability of selecting a person with brown eyes or green eyes?
20

Deck of Cards

Module 4 Probability
Basic Probability of an Event Complementary of an Event
P(E) + P(𝐸) = 1
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐸 P(E) = 1 – P(𝐸)
𝑃(𝐸) =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑙𝑖𝑘𝑒𝑙𝑦 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 P(𝐸) = 1 – P(E)

Odds For an Event Odds Against an Event

# of ways event can occur : # of ways event cannot occur # of ways event cannot occur : # of ways event can occur
𝑃(𝐸) 𝑃(𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝐸)
Odds = Odds =
𝑃(𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝐸) 𝑃(𝐸)

Expected Value

Expected value = (probability of event 1)(possible outcome of event 1) + (probability of event 2)(
possible outcome of event 2)…+ (probability of event n)( possible outcome of event n)

Probability for Independent Events Conditional Probability Probability for Dependent


Events

𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) ∙ 𝑃(𝐵) 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) ∙ 𝑃(𝐵 | 𝐴)
𝑃(𝐵 | 𝐴) =
𝑃(𝐴)
P(A and B and C) = P(A) ∙ P(B) ∙P(C)

Probability of Either Events At least Once Rule

𝑃(𝐴 𝑜𝑟 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) 𝑃(𝐸 𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠) = 1 − [𝑃(𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝐸)]𝑛

Permutation Formula Permutations of Duplicate Objects Combination Formula


n! 𝑛! n!
Pr = Cr =
n
(n - r)! 𝑝! 𝑞! 𝑟! … n
(n − r )!r!

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