Second Quarter

Week 1
Polynomial Function
 A polynomial function is a function defined by a
polynomial expression. It is of the form

f(x) = 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑛−2 𝑥 𝑛−2 + . . .+ 𝑎2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎1 x + 𝑎0

where 𝑎0 , 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , . . . 𝑎𝑛 are real numbers and 𝑎𝑛 ≠ 0.

𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 is called the leading term

𝑎𝑛 is called the leading coefficient
n is degree
𝑎0 is called the constant term
 Function Notation :
f (x) = 3x + 4
Output
Name of the function Input (range)
(domain)

We can also use other letters or symbols for the name of the function such as
g(x), h(x), A(r), V(r), p(x), f(a), etc.

The given function of x can be written as

y = 3x + 4
 Example:
Differentiate a polynomial function from a polynomial
expression and a polynomial equation.

3x³ + 5x² - 7x + 2 Polynomial Expression

3x³ + 5x² - 7x = 2 Polynomial Equation
f(x) = 3x³ + 5x² - 7x + 2 Polynomial Function

Remember: The function notation f(x) = y.

Determine if the given is a polynomial expression, a
polynomial equation or a polynomial function
1. p(x) = 2x² + 4x – ½ Polynomial Function
2. 2x² - 9x⁴ + 7x – 3 = 0 Polynomial Equation
3. 5x⁶ + 7x - 9x² Polynomial Expression
4. ¾ x = 12 Polynomial Equation
5. y = 3x + 10 Polynomial Function
A. Determine if the given is a polynomial expression,
polynomial equation or a polynomial function

6. A(r) = 𝞹r² Polynomial Function

7. 3x⁴ + 7y = 4 Polynomial Function
8. 2 Polynomial Expression
9. x = x² - 12 Polynomial Equation
10. 2x² - 5 x + 8 = q(x) Polynomial Function
 B. Complete the table below:
Leading Constant
Polynomial Function Standard Form Degree
Coefficient Term

1. f(x) =-⅔x³ +2x - 7x² + 8x⁵ +3x⁴ + 1 f(x) = 8x⁵ +3x⁴ -⅔x³ - 7x² +2x + 1 5 8 1

2. g(x) = -¾x⁴ + 2x² + ⅘x –3 g(x) = -¾x⁴ + 2x² + ⅘x – 3 4 -¾ -3

3. y = 5x⁶ + 𝟕x - 9x² y = 5x⁶ - 9x² + 𝟕x 6 5 0

 It’s your turn !
A. Determine if the given is a polynomial expression, a
polynomial equation or a polynomial function.
1. f(x)= 7x² - 5x⁴ - ⅘ + 4x
2. 3x⁷ = - 5x⁴ + 8x³ - 5x⁶ + 3 - 9x²
3. y = -⅜x³ +10x - 9x² + ⅗x⁵ +7x⁴
4. g(x)= x³ - 2x² + x⁵ + x⁹ + 𝞹
5. p(x)=4x³ +10x - 6x² - x⁵ +2x⁴
6. 3x⁷ - 5x⁴ + 8x + 6
B. Based on Activity A, complete the table below:
Leading Constant
Polynomial Function Standard Form Degree
Coefficient Term
Zeros of the Polynomial Function

 Given a polynomial P(x), any number c in the domain of

P(x) is called a zero of P(x) if P(c) = 0.

 The zeros of P(x) are the roots or solutions of the

polynomial equation P(x) = 0.
Examples:
Find the rational zeros of each of the following

P(x) = 3x - 9 Given (Linear Function)

0 = 3x - 9 Change P(x) to zero
9 = 3x Solve for x
3=x

Therefore, 3 is the zero of P(x) = 3x -9

 y = x² – 5x – 6 Given (Quadratic Function)
0 = x² – 5x – 6 Change y to zero.
0 = (x – 6)(x + 1) Solve for x.

x–6=0 x+1=0
x=6 x = –1
Therefore, the zeros of y = x² – 5x – 6 are { –1, 6 } .
f(x) = (x – 4)(x – 2)(x +1) Given (Cubic Function)
0 = (x – 4)(x – 2)(x +1) Change f(x) to zero.
Solve for x.
x–4=0 x – 2=0 x+1=0
x=4 x=2 x= –1

Therefore, the zeros of f(x) = (x – 4)(x – 2)(x +1)

are { –1, 2, 4} .
f(x) = 4x⁴ +5x³ – 22x² – 20x + 24 Given (Quartic Function)

Rational Zero Theorem:

If the polynomial function f(x) = 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑛−2 𝑥 𝑛−2 + . . .+ 𝑎1 x + 𝑎0 has
𝑝
integer coefficients, then every rational zero of f(x) is of the form 𝑞 ( in lowest terms),
where p is a factor of constant term 𝑎0 and q is a factor of the leading coefficient 𝑎𝑛 .
f(x) = 4x⁴ +5x³ – 22x² – 20x + 24 Given (Quartic Function)
The leading coefficient is 4 and the constant term is 24. The
factors of 24 are ±1, ±2, ±3, ±4, ±6, ±8, ±12, ±24, and the
factors of 4 are ±1, ± 2 ±4, . Thus, the possible rational zeros are
1 2 3 4 6 8 12 24 1 2 3 4 6
± ,± ± , ± , ± , ± , ± , ± , ± ,± ± , ± , ± ,
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
8 12 24 1 2 3 4 6 8 12 24
± , ± , ± , ± ,± , ± , ± , ± , ± , ± , ±
2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Simplifying the fractions and eliminating the duplicates, the
possible rational zeros are
f(x) = 4x⁴ +5x³ – 22x² – 20x + 24 Given (Quartic Function)
Possible rational zeros
1 2 3 4 6 8 12 24 1 2 3 4 6
± ,± ± , ± , ± , ± , ± , ± , ± ,± ± , ± , ± ,
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
8 12 24 1 2 3 4 6 8 12 24
± , ± , ± , ± ,± , ± , ± , ± , ± , ± , ±
2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Simplifying the fractions and eliminating the duplicates, the
possible rational zeros are
1 3 1 3
± 1, ± 2, ± 3, ± 4, ± 6, ± 8, ± 12, ± 24, ± 2
, ±
2
, ±
4
, ±
4
,
f(x) = 4x⁴ +5x³ – 22x² – 20x + 24 Given (Quartic Function)
Possible rational zeros
1 3 1 3
±1, ± 2, ±3, ±4, ±6, ±8, ±12, ±24, ± , ± , ± ,±
2 2 4 4

Use synthetic division to find the real/actual zeros of the function

–1 4 5 -22 -20 -24 2 4 5 -22 -20 -24

-4 -1 23 -3 8 26 8 24
4 1 - 23 3 -27 4 13 4 -12 0
Since the remainder is zero,
2 is a zero of the function.
-2 4 13 4 -12 4x² +5x – 6 = 0
-8 -10 12 (4x - 3) (x + 2) = 0
4 5 -6 0 4x – 3 = 0 x + 2 = 0
3
-2 is a zero of f(x) x= x = –2
4
Thus,
f(x) = 4x⁴ +5x³ – 22x² – 20x + 24
0 = 4x⁴ +5x³ – 22x² – 20x + 24
0 = (x – 2) (x + 2) (4x - 3) (x + 2)

Therefore, the zeros of f(x) = 4x⁴ +5x³ – 22x² – 20x + 24

3
are {-2 of multiplicity 2, , 2 }.
4
 y = 2(x + 3)(x + 2)³ (x-1)⁴
0 = 2 (x + 3)(x+2)(x +2)(x +2)(x-1)(x-1)(x-1)(x-1)

Leading term: 2x⁸

Degree: 8
Leading coefficient: 2
Constant term: 48
Zeros of the function: { -3, - 2 of multiplicity 3, 1 of multiplicity 4}
Application:
Find the zeros of each of the following:
1. y = (x+ 1 )(2x² - 7x - 4)
2. f(x) = 2x(x - 3)²(x +1)⁴(x + 2)⁵
3. P(x) = 6x³ - 23x² - 6x + 8
4. g(x) = x⁴ -6x³- x² + 54x – 72
5. h(x) = 4x⁵ + 4x⁴ -25x³ -25x² +36x +36
Thank you !