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ML Interview Questions

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Narek Tashchyan
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23 views6 pages

ML Interview Questions

Uploaded by

Narek Tashchyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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70 questions for a

Machine Learning
Interview
We've compiled a list of the most common interview questions you
may face. Let's go through these questions and learn how to answer
them correctly.
Basics and Theory
1. Explain the difference between supervised and unsupervised
learning. Give examples.
2. What is overfitting, and how can it be prevented?
3. Describe the bias-variance trade-off.
4. What is cross-validation, and why is it important?
5. Explain gradient descent in the context of training a model.
6. What distinguishes a regression problem from a classification
problem?
7. How does a decision tree work? Describe its construction.
8. What is the purpose of an activation function in neural networks?

Algorithms and Models


1. Describe the k-nearest neighbors algorithm. Contrast it with k-means
clustering.
2. How does a Support Vector Machine (SVM) work? Explain the kernel
trick.
3. Discuss the differences between Random Forest and Gradient
Boosting Machine (GBM).
4. Explain the principle of Naive Bayes classifiers.
5. What are the key features of convolutional neural networks (CNNs)?
6. Discuss the applications of autoencoders.
7. What is reinforcement learning, and what are its key components?
8. Explain the concept of transfer learning and when you would use it.
Evaluation Metrics
1. Explain the confusion matrix in classification problems.
2. What is the ROC curve, and what does the AUC represent?
3. How do you evaluate a regression model's performance?
4. What is the F1 score, and why might you use it instead of accuracy?
5. Discuss the limitations of using accuracy as a metric in imbalanced
classification problems.
6. How can precision-recall curves be used to evaluate model
performance?
7. What is mean square error (MSE), and how is it used?
8. Explain the significance of the R-squared metric.
9. How do you interpret the log loss in classification models?
10. What metrics would you use to evaluate a clustering model?

Data Preprocessing and Feature Engineering


1. How do you handle missing or corrupted data in a dataset?
2. Describe how feature engineering impacts model performance.
3. Discuss strategies for scaling and normalizing data.
4. Explain the process and benefits of dimensionality reduction
techniques.
5. How do you deal with text data to prepare it for a machine learning
model?
6. What are autoencoders, and how are they used in feature learning?
7. Discuss methods for dealing with highly skewed data in machine
learning.
8. What role does data augmentation play in training deep learning
models?
9. How can you use unsupervised learning techniques for feature
extraction?
Model Optimization and Selection
1. Explain the use of grid search, random search, and Bayesian
optimization in hyperparameter tuning.
2. Discuss the role of A/B testing in model selection.
3. How can ensemble methods improve model performance?

Model Deployment and Monitoring


1. How do you ensure your model is scalable for production?
2. Discuss the challenges of model deployment.
3. What strategies can be used to monitor model performance in
production?
4. Explain the concept of model drift and how to address it.
5. How can you update models in production without causing downtime?

Model Evaluation and Experimentation


1. What techniques are used for model interpretability?
2. How would you design an experiment to test a new feature's impact
using machine learning?
3. Explain the use of lift charts and gain charts in evaluating
classification models.
4. Discuss the importance of model robustness and ways to test it.
Practical Machine Learning
1. How would you approach a new machine learning problem from scratch?
2. What steps would you take to validate a model’s performance?
3. How would you handle highly imbalanced data in a classification
problem?
4. Describe how you would implement a recommendation system for a
large-scale online retailer.
5. Discuss the challenges and strategies for dealing with time-series data
in machine learning.
6. What methods would you use to predict customer churn based on data
from a subscription service?
7. How can natural language processing (NLP) be used to automate
customer service responses?

Advanced Topics
1. What are Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), and for what types of
problems are they suited?
2. Explain the use of LSTM networks in sequence prediction.
3. How does one apply machine learning in natural language processing
(NLP)?
4. Discuss the role of machine learning in computer vision.
5. How is machine learning utilized in recommendation systems?
6. What is few-shot learning, and in what scenarios is it useful?
7. Explain the concept and applications of adversarial examples in machine
learning.
Current Trends and Research
1. What are the current trends in machine learning that you find exciting?
2. How do you stay updated with the latest developments in machine
learning?
3. What advancements in AI do you believe will have the most impact in the
next five years?
4. Discuss the potential of AI in enhancing sustainability and environmental
protection.
5. How are deep learning models influencing the evolution of art and
creativity?

Machine Learning in Industry


1. What are the key considerations when integrating machine learning
models into existing software systems?
2. What are the challenges of implementing AI solutions in the healthcare
industry, and how can they be addressed?

Future Directions and Personal Insights


1. In what areas do you think machine learning is currently underutilized,
offering potential for significant impact?
2. Reflect on a machine learning project you've worked on. What were the
key lessons learned, and what would you do differently next time?

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