ILANy

Qlans
LAN I tospitat
|Anothes 1Prsonal
tor
andin/lable
andulotormodenmodlenaQAL bse Altoork(MAN)
Mebapolitan
oth Area of T Dnteodacton
Nekuorktarcoau
an
fdertonDection MODULE1
Dlos Computu
thot fodiidualptrcoa, Aza
MAN aomple
Can
convets
Coyeuts AlLtubrk and
Cormut Span souces MOuslDI
ef cfcevies (Types Paytical
Qualog the upto LAN3 PAN
oletal 7LAN in typicaly CPAN)
moclulator factovyLAN ia aflae
sokodices qaphi a colhinHhe Dete i.
to Nebioke) No
.

oaualog
tasiogal blutosl wthia
to empadu
aemodulbt Aeqion. a
kange
banelh lsed
3.LAN Area Nehwort (LAN)

each otbe! Pn
Compaters
a Samall aua
Copoated
x buildingoltia hme an pus etc.
LAN utdor Conntuhing lmoe
paconal ompltue tmuaha
Communicaltoo ime dium'
at n
otreroels Jaste ate
LAN tzoides higbei Kecaazty
LAN

*NRadvantast'
y Coves Small

Yaludlag Can b tho much slo

4.WAN) Wfde Azea atoork.

psinttopointSttched
WAN nAN
 IalaNquite bi nlo han:th LA
to ioglelocalion
e span ove a larqe aLeaILabLLgh
telephant it4ibe bptie Cable_ouclallie
lloke
Hbe orld:

Poiot - to-point hAN

dudes trnugh a
Gble air.
ete A
SiteB

Soitched WJAN
I ! o (ombinatfon nf Sexexal point to
Swtttes.
DTE
medem
fripetret WAN Soi ching DTE

Nmodemk
DCE
DTE
otevnet
 -3ivat
>CentaalizedwANo of
> *dvantages Qast
Exchange t gauaphioal dminalEquipoeri
Mobile DIE-Data
Updated Nodem-Nladulatoy
ÇTemoclatoy DCe
jiber.
uo?th milei
PnB0adband: <Dala
SerYCYS
kubbat ol: Hh
dalto
no bundeds
daiRANhaadve metoge that 9
Seondd
cniliniks iles: qenguaphical
ned oa ABntennt
telecoo
ua bank Caauit
-
Su tp data conpet of 46
hlml Renyies
ceties
nsga Cbmpanits bus Campans olo
omiaating.cauipen
Ur fr ovioles
au -the pavide
Ceutaaliged by K
tbe Connting tn oneu
d7arsmited-lot. Enails, apirale the PPago No
44
a ChitDmeg tae ODato
wot lauqt nifa cto USed
hit attc
on a alo pm am
han
 nttta lnterda
3h4> lay
>Recusiq
Iede isut
aay Layer ]Layes4k Dide nmbesTbe Most
3
LayerK Device A ttieandhis
Protocol hbubl
Netphobl
otuar eshodiauqtnaauo,SelupHilhCost
wokennsLl
to 4 ntwks tewall<
dikof'on
Vatual a 3ahalk Comue
Pbysical
Medium ppBocols
aua 4
Peers >VituatE arn
beaut
apprngcuntanoo orqanize anllvisu
ing
Laye - Lay 4-
Device B. -pntocolk
pereh
Slo.laking Dete
ctodherer ás'a
laye RoutCbieks) Gack
a isu)
 dvit o the Cootltuallstolood
o! af the s
ton_anolhu to loeliable,
oumbe ertud t7andoed
0ata
eele f
a btotenDAatce
A
DeveB layers
koLtersent c'aecty
d
olle aie
samt de
Aredvie tharugh being peeh Saes
inlo latompa
kistkl
he
Jlque
he auous
ae betoeen
oay Suethe
Ta
pdsted
dataom ln otion
Commurni XalabilF:
auteh Services Rliab?ly:
abo not bas
to dotle
nitatioo
male
Ihe theis The bi The
y
 Catskcal
ß 1gultipkezing Rsousceellbcatton:
So.aloaented Should dddesiq
Darnina
So,
So zeeseaJoued pakt
Coaxecion
as path aetection
oomonYOr
to Vordaaneed
cai t onumable
or tadael ik
mthocs o
e theuy bat
Da ota hanisAstda
The botolnet
to oaio naageA
au 0 eatblasybbettA
o OPege
inn
ch Can taan as
connect to Cate
desfon Ho
mulilmushan t be no CL
ost rtd, Mtct
the. daalocate îscae o beiogo
CaCarápstos
data
Pe ent
o
 Data
Pago No :.

SRoating:H loxolues choosing

all
an opi
lpath among
dost4Sane.
Ldata
Seeenllyi the maiox fsueis theaa
eavitooppiqCilkgal),
Supaccilinut altedfioso aeuage
to alada batuqh Qulsantioabiong uphg
Coaatnicah
loupants

Layes

Apphcationk APDU

-PanentFPOD
Sesieo k Ceainn fros co -Beyio SPDU
btptorv
Tbowpat. Inttrnat Subnai

Roulu Pontu
tost A
SNWtaeL hos oie pucto cel
 Unit
of
Erchonge au Ood the datafam
Connelte vey. detnatfos SerieAike
o ioco Dattlaye troOne thapugb'
Communi clelipasele etek
entie
:9Date
NoPzge pnto potcolData
to omphyical the
obo BacbEach ie 'oDanke monagqes hobtto
Juntions
bids lutinatioo
dath Chntydle
peciliec bf
tbal oveaa toangleu
basic
JlntTbt
Dota
entities malnunctane
Fodlfvicual -to
oode
individeral
As cnother layeT
elfkble Soune
leing cation Layer to lag
leigeis
betD Lom
pne Sounte ost
Dppli to om
Jon dio
Physiccl Netwot
DPDU
The
 tnjoinalion potocols.
hlavel
tthe
dipatmert Application
TiellP
Syolax
ke (sinple)" Laye
Compaxan
tansmiHed intelore Cemmunication
mnnitny
povicles Us
-the
sendas -tac Rn
Pn
toanslation,
zKann
iH by U.ao
lasyi
layePhysical
Data.lro
of toal aye
Lcorsentaton
laer
Dpplicaton
layer Caser
enauplioo. developec
Supoanit
ppl" daulapse of Lmafoprotcols Seston
loy
Ihngh
PeseolationLAppliCation st
14Ba
uoas
T4
 lTP
hhsbont
Dliatoo
Lhk ktT1P> |SNPIMELNE[’
Hitntation 1App'ationaye'
but
Sxglotz.Gongl ghe Mod Rat
laye
ist
9+ leue
SeaveL)
eob
hupertet Simple
HP4hans|e(Supppn
mall File all6io
bost ataringa t thelaye
DsL trans| nptool
ayer Clusmeetc
SMTP daansger forn you
802.1| Aoçel to Such
au
protoco) combinalioo
log Session
TG potaenl host ito as;éLNe1, not
Pege No
:.
Dete ..
PNG Domrntarnetrat
lase postent
a
imoe o
anát 1P, 1
ioter in
des Saio a
 iented pteced bet? aioanin tonntout ainunst
<then
Conneatton-tn enolesdata layer liok o
fodeptndeatly
toansmision, trnor
&
nk
CoDntton layelonne
o ootuoetthe Unitt
deltiootioo P muqA
Geatig
toansmisiDn
quik.tansmision
Ove
cu pcKk. to
Secene oe in
tb mistion
lauyet acketi ust
Smalle
pakettgiven
machines lo net
liag
Connetlon pakett data acddnes
liable tzanshot of tunciond eno3 tTans
amspott stablisbestrcinsk0nt ayee: data the pl ManinlmCondog
laya:
hansport me toansmision
Renchs
he
lata
quik Oyesheac
Pecpo
Paotocol. a PConeeted
otool fach Reachthetaarnentation
Lnique
a proyicdes a tanspoits Tntern
oides a Aateot
4eninating malo Dudeu shurthe)Abandtes
SUP>sno
ist ic
data TA the Thene Tz
at >1
The
intions
Y dalioesboo bds au cncocec foto opinl
or etertraitad <cpalses
acepBs TP acketh, dco0 -the nlw
4 encapsulates thm Pndo cames

VTn slates taansmisí on Mocde: if Simplex

hay duple 2 or ul duple.
Snblxidata tpandess ?o direction

Sencda
Ex:
loudpeakes Keyboad ,oonitos etc
ol duplex : Sencder Can Send 4uene the
Mdda but not at the Same tinu

FaltDblez Sencle Can Send eaeutw

-edata at the arnetone

Sa daphanaa
 w24 nivastkys. belame
lh shliee
LANS-202.) UnivaSTees
of NET fatonut
topaoqy
-sagrocotalion
Arpanet Sotched
Pga
No
Uata
Aqunce 4 Ha
Syochrooous
the woith time
ed
Peojets Dacket
on I
catu lotea(ooDtded techniCaouucati
ioctuctay
Computeu
1969
o
also Reseqxch TcpliPe
THe
Tnternett Characteistse
Putld
Rekdatiog
lauet ARPANIET o
Adyantedsa head
Tiot
bae
>OA M
Host
bse Protoco
WLAN
Connufing AN202-ll
ieless MP-nte<ae
bouedl
Qe Shathit
path ideiliea Ssurte HostHes
Can the
lo toPootocol
Opmore LANs
the make hap
Archtantse
Apanet
mt
atoeot elestination
aound cuvices
he thett sage
the
etd
Teee Po use olnicient pDeKsor Ome INMP tloct
hoh TPege No
:
olhin AN. llaw
Usedto
Date
302.) Compul
4fst
equeney Teacb
the

1 cue
co
 station: nble
an trhiloqy)
ie
throuqh the Cununi(ah
to
ae
boe
bay Kiod (bab
Data
:. Connedecl noy
ommunitafion with
ont
onthes.
a
CAP) dldho
coith iode
Agbite
dure poiat APis
(5d-hoc
netu00
Ttiog: aocles
netOmking
1eEE
0&.)
Ach ll
Aces hilei
Lbioes:
Caicoion
totion, Cnobile
Station
Bett Inastouttun
oireles Ad-hàc. ANeT:
BOse
(6)
a
 KCompons
terpantt
tolne lenoth Podcylace le
Contaol Eacb AoexAationsCan
ient ation
ollos
o Glaions -tht o
aptopsprínters,
Smautphones
etc.Cient ors s1Ó):Stalion
tho ccex
qenevallybotut aTCee
the
Cabe bas ae
bse goR:l|
a wovk oire
slationsChDP):lhese
Casts ol
elations, les
ne Crupnisearchltecture
les 20ute
N or
Compate acces all
and thot al du'y
103edvantag

Tnd eYOrS So

AlLANS QAe SloLDE han toinod LANL

TPhysical as uidad trancoi sing edia

Data is sipresented. by Compudeos othez
elecommdoicaton aleees

Tdotal Slepal anals leleetrornagpetic (neg)

ineudes Sadlo
by aiy vacum

Tbransoie sion medium ic the means

Hhxnugh eohich. De fend auA datao0m 2
Iplaceto Qnothei.
Tronmmision gediAm P -tbympans thyaugh
to'
ondthee
mdâum is dediated by
Ironsmsioo
OST MOdl that c.
 >Coppe aCoanlal
Cable
I,Tosted
paix Bnterlerene
pal ngeduces Hbis, So. Hhen lhy Ho
eotelrence Coppalusie
Tuisted
pair
bcouseod incalAtosted
togetheb we uoires nnt oidely pair
toiH mQy pai but
coines Copper ka
satt
-tàe e media of
fn Co iahtpenite pair isuse cied ransmision
quideo
ths llid too LNappecl
Can a h Oapped
Gngle. togethes to uires in t
sueto t omtaonslea
uec.be
be oonse teledhone
Monehan eadb
shiel this hatder
wot to
elettaonm4tic E
othe Pxge No
DreTOm mtaicail Date
d. data
that o electroMag»2 data
(up
at oel
.oure the one
as
 io (rostalk.
nofse
Coaxials otngs,
&
oblebelogued Paesence
o
<
cfaomacpetic
heat') elennatu-te
oshielded
st
olde installation. Shield.
metalic
than ndustaia
DataNo
stL Cable. (P,ants
SMaïnt
açn. J
Very
4 coies
is analog pafr ele -the pensiye
is thefoaulatpr fove
toan tuntsted
cohich aso ycom
H
to
enters.
cheapf :Qvoîlable
eas?ly both wisted paoBect
Cable. conductor ptastng penetaation.
er
Eosulatoy di Sts d.
mose
Shiel
vey yor to cVe Jast de data
Tocpulas. Sieldec Unchiel
Ued Cover X1hse Icables
s
h T 24 E
 io plosti
platt tly isolates
sntaded chielded nvi
tlsua
Color
pairs tfiea
:Date:oPegs
Coble type.
of RT-| Coppr
Ru45 tdeal
domage"
Concluetors lyeach' fpiPEt
ioculatec
is oon o14 lRata<nt
lectoioa
Luldeqpair
par Compaec a se the incalation"om
Common
taisted
pacable 4 use
o
nstk pair ohih
SapeNent
otce
s theCovealo
oute
an oith
Cable panBer
oe. palr Toolsted
Cabe
mosttoben
dec. but Cable ot-th
CoDpele Coa
Colox-Coddec
in
Cach osulator
Consists 4pai sed
Lbchit Orap., -tbe
catfon Cable plastic
ee s zluTP Outer -
ni H 4
1
>
 ContolbtD aS
enterConductoT AOaint,
noise
Ctent
aketolitletai.
tuter biatcad.
Co-0xial"
Common
Icolatioo
againts.
7nculator- slastic eleetoie
aotheut
toice
ANS
ev°sions
Conductore &the allous
aby
aDvde,
elevis
ath
texm
Shae Condutor
acts totected
selc
bocided cont able sed
>Epengtye
mostte
EOpcal
Pber tauct
doat
a
Guas?
mesb
bralded
by that.
laye
ConductoY
Cable
Jor
sed
Cablloaxtal
e. bene
clepkone. an Centey
plastic (able
ls
oielectaic
aA
Materia
oY
bas Shield ed
>Boththe >ohole
Tt A
A
 len ohich
ba tansmt
lecotaounicotony
ata Sacten) omate
niab Cozeiodtz
ne biakt
chenqyzay Tekactie
ttat
or l¯oht
ea pnbe(Cuppoting with
a
Optic.
nstaameat
sed Vadding Layens ibe
Cable
ofne
beldea
Avamid
yoan. ichel od
Contact
s era at
CoLujes
s Eosulated
Ope
Y'cdlod
as. buji Stsenath
the
Autde
10t
whic
Opieo_Ôptical
fRbei-
nytheng of
ou Rrc1eT=itati
mataiol
techoolo frctet Clodding.
Coating Fbe
ore
tansit Pashetabte
a OY Tiaht
ts