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Simultaneous Equation

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17 views

Simultaneous Equation

Uploaded by

akiman121119
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Quadratic Expression

A Quadratic Expression is an expression of the form


𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑎=coefficient of 𝑥 2 , 𝑎 ≠ 0
𝑏 =coefficient of 𝑥
𝑐 = constant term

Examples
2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 5
𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = −4, 𝑐 = −5

Factorisation of quadratic expression


Case 1:
𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 = 𝒙(𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃)
Examples
2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 = 𝑥(2𝑥 − 3)
4𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 = 2𝑥(2𝑥 + 3)
5𝑥 2 − 40𝑥 = 5𝑥(𝑥 − 8)
Note:
If 𝑎 and 𝑏 have a common factor, we should factorise 𝑎 and 𝑏.

Case 2:
𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 = (𝒂 + 𝒃)(𝒂 − 𝒃)
Examples
e.g 1
𝑥2 − 4
= 𝑥 2 − 22
= (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)
e.g 2
25𝑥 2 − 49
= (5𝑥 )2 − 72
= (5𝑥 + 7)(5𝑥 − 7)

Case 3
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄
Step 1: find two factors of 𝑐, such that their sum equals to 𝑏
Suppose 𝑐 = 𝑝 × 𝑞 and 𝑏 = 𝑝 + 𝑞
Step 2:
(𝒙 + 𝒑)(𝒙 + 𝒒)
Examples
Example 1
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2 𝑐 =2=𝟏×𝟐
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1) 𝟏+𝟐 =3 =𝑏

Example 2
𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 12 𝑐 = 12 = 1 × 12
=3×4
(𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 − 3) =6×2

3+4=7
𝑏 = −7
3 − 4 = −1 𝑤𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑔
−3 − 4 = −7 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡

𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 − 𝟑 × −𝟒 = 12 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡

Case 4:
𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄, 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒂 > 𝟏
Step1: find product 𝑎 × 𝑐
Step 2: find two factors of 𝑎𝑐 such that their sum is equal to 𝑏
𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑎 × 𝑐 = 𝑝 × 𝑞 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 𝑝 + 𝑞
Step 3: replace 𝑏𝑥 = 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞𝑥, so that
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞𝑥 + 𝑐
Step 4: factorise first two terms and last two terms separately, and then factorise completely.

Example 1:

𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕𝒙 + 𝟓 𝒂 = 𝟐, 𝒃 = 𝟕, 𝒄 = 𝟓
𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟓 𝒂𝒄 = 𝟐 × 𝟓 = 𝟏𝟎
𝟐𝒙(𝒙 + 𝟏) + 𝟓(𝒙 + 𝟏) Two factors of ac, such that sum =b
(𝒙 + 𝟏) is a common factor 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟐 × 𝟓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟐 + 𝟓 = 𝟕 = 𝒃
(𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓)

Example 2:

𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟐𝟏 𝒂𝒄 = 𝟒 × −𝟐𝟏 = −𝟖𝟒


= 𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟒𝒙 + 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟐𝟏 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝟖𝟒 = 𝟏 × 𝟖𝟒
= 𝟐𝒙(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟕) + 𝟑𝒙(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟕) = 𝟒 × 𝟐𝟏
= (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟕)(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒙) = 𝟐 × 𝟒𝟐
= 𝟑 × 𝟐𝟖
Or = 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟒
𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟕 × 𝟏𝟐
= 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟏𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝟏 −𝟖𝟒 = 𝟔 × −𝟏𝟒
= 𝟐𝒙(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑) − 𝟕(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑) 𝟔 + −𝟏𝟒 = −𝟖 = 𝒃
= (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑)(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟕)

Simultaneous equations
Solving a pair of simultaneous equations with one linear (𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0) and
one non-linear, that means we are finding the point of intersection of a line and a curve.
To solve a pair of simultaneous equations:
1. From linear equation, make 𝒙 or 𝒚 subject of formula and call it equation number 3
2. Replace equation 3 in the non-linear equation.
3. Solve, obtain two values, and replace these two values in equation 3 to find the
second variable.

Recap Binomial Expansion


(𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐
(𝒂 − 𝒃)𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝟐𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐
(𝒂 + 𝒃)(𝒂 − 𝒃) = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐
Example 1
Solve the simultaneous equations
𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟏𝒙𝒚 + 𝟐𝟕𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎

𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 5 − − − − − − − (1) 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟
2𝑥 2 + 21𝑥𝑦 + 27𝑦 2 = 0 − −(2) 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟

𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 (1), 𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎


𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 5
𝑥 = 5 − 4𝑦 − − − −(3)

𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒 (3)𝑖𝑛 (2)


Type equation here.
2𝑥 2 + 21𝑥𝑦 + 27𝑦 2 = 0
2(5 − 4𝑦)2 + 21(5 − 4𝑦)𝑦 + 27𝑦 2 = 0
2(52 − 2(5)(4𝑦) + (4𝑦)2 ) + 105𝑦 − 84𝑦 2 + 27𝑦 2 = 0
2(25 − 40𝑦 + 16𝑦 2 ) + 105𝑦 − 84𝑦 2 + 27𝑦 2 = 0
50 − 80𝑦 + 32𝑦 2 + 105𝑦 − 84𝑦 2 + 27𝑦 2 = 0
32𝑦 2 − 80𝑦 2 + 27𝑦 2 − 80𝑦 + 105𝑦 + 50 = 0
−25𝑦 2 + 25𝑦 + 50 = 0 (× −1)
2 (÷ 25)
25𝑦 − 25𝑦 − 50 = 0
2
𝑦 −𝑦−2= 0
𝑦2 − 𝑦 − 2 𝑐 = −2 = 1 × −2
(𝑦 + 1)(𝑦 − 2) 1 + −2 = −1 = 𝑏
(𝑦 + 1)(𝑦 − 2) = 0
𝑦 + 1 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑦 − 2 = 0
𝑦 = −1 𝑜𝑟 𝑦 = 2
Type equation here.
𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (3)

𝑦 = −1 𝑦=2
𝑥 = 5 − 4𝑦 𝑥 = 5 − 4𝑦
= 5 − 4(−1) = 5 − 4 (2)
=5+4 =9 =5−8
Type equation here. = −3
Type equation here. Type equation here.
𝑥 = 9 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = −1 𝑥 = −3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 2

Example 2
Solve
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟕
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟕

Example 3
Solve
𝒙 𝒚 𝟕
+ =
𝟑 𝟐 𝟑

𝒙𝒚 = 𝟒

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