SS2 First Term E-Notes
SS2 First Term E-Notes
WEEK
1. Central Processing Unit
2. Logic Circuit 1
3. Logic Circuit 2
4. Communication
5. Safety and Security 1
6. Safety and Security 2
7. MTB
8. Concept of Computer Files
9. Data Manipulation 1
10. Data Manipulation 2
11. Revision
12. Exams
13. Carol
14. Go Home
RAM ROM
It is volatile (It loses data when power is It is non-volatile (retains data even when
turned off) power is off)
Data in RAM can be changed or deleted ROM is fixed or data cannot be modified.
RAM chip are bigger in size ROM chip are smaller in size
RAM chips are relatively expensive ROM chips are relatively less expensive
RAM stores all the applications and data when ROM usually stores instructions that are required
the computer is running for booting the computer
Secondary Memory
This type of memory is a non-volatile memory. It is slower than the main memory. These are
used for storing data/Information permanently. CPU directly does not access these memories
instead they are accessed via input-output routines. Contents of secondary memories are first
transferred to the main memory, and then the CPU can access it.
Types of Secondary Memory
Secondary memory can be of the following types:
Magnetic: Data and information are stored and retrieved using magnetism
Examples
Magnetic disk
Magnetic tape
Hard disk
floppy disks
Optical: Optical storage devices employ light (laser beams) to store and retrieve data and
information
Examples
CD
VCD
DVD
Electronic: This holds data and information in the form of electric voltage
Example
Flash Memory
Others include Punch card
Secondary Storage Devices
1. Floppy Diskette
There are two standard sizes used these days which are 5 □((1 )/4) inches and 3 □(1/2) inches,
in size, commonly referred to as the mini-floppy and microfloppy. The capacity of 5 □((1 )/4)
inches floppy is 1.2 MB and that of 3 □(1/2) inches is 1.44 MB.
2. CD-ROM drives
They are of three types
a. CD-ROM
CD-ROM stands for (Compact Disc Read Only Memory), and it is mainly used to mass produce
audio CDs and computer games. Computer users can only read data and music from the discs,
but they cannot burn their information onto the discs, from their personal computers.
b. CD-R
CD-R (Compact Disc Recordable) also known as WORM (Write Once Read Many) is a blank disc
that users can put into a CD-ROM drive to burn or make a copy of their personal data, music,
videos and information. CD-Recordable discs are designed for one-time recording only.
3. CD-RW
The CD-RW (Compact Disc Rewritable) can be erased and returned to its original blank state.
New files can then be copied onto the rewritable disk. CD-RW never became as popular as the
CD-R because they are not compatible with most disc players to listen to music. They are
primarily used to move data from one computer to another or to copy files that are only needed
a few times.
3. DVD (Digital Versatile Disk)
DVD is very similar to a CD but it has a much larger capacity. A standard DVD can hold 4.7 GB
of data. DVDs are of the same types as CDs along with different formats as explained about
CDs.
4. Combo Drives
These drives combine the function of a DVD drive and a CD-RW drive.
5. Hard disk: Largest in capacity
Differences between Primary and Secondary Memory