Chapter 1: Building Paraphrasing Skills

Section 1: Understanding Effective Paraphrasing

1.1 What Is Paraphrasing?

● Definition: Paraphrasing is expressing the same meaning of a sentence or

phrase in a new way by changing words, phrases, or sentence structures.
● Importance in IELTS: Effective paraphrasing shows examiners that you can use
a range of vocabulary and avoid repetition. It’s essential for rephrasing the Task 2
prompt and introducing key points in a sophisticated way.
● Common Mistakes to Avoid:
○ Using inappropriate synonyms that change the meaning
○ Overusing complex vocabulary to sound impressive, resulting in awkward
or unclear sentences
○ Changing words without changing structure, or vice versa (successful
paraphrasing often needs both)

1.2 Basic Techniques for Paraphrasing

● Synonyms: Replacing words with appropriate alternatives that retain the original
meaning.
● Changing Sentence Structure: Rearranging parts of a sentence, such as using
passive voice, altering clauses, or switching the order of information.
● Using Different Word Forms: Changing nouns to verbs, adjectives to nouns,
etc., while retaining the overall meaning.

Section 2: Exercises in Paraphrasing

Exercise 1: Synonym Practice

Objective: Practice finding appropriate synonyms for common IELTS vocabulary.

Instructions: Replace the highlighted words with suitable synonyms. Avoid using words
that are too complex or that change the meaning of the sentence.

Example Prompts:

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 1. Many people believe that children should not use electronic devices until a
certain age.
○ Suggested Paraphrase: A large number of individuals think that children
should avoid using electronic gadgets until they reach a certain age.
2. Prompts for Practice:
○ In recent years, environmental problems have become a significant
concern worldwide.
○ Some people argue that social media negatively affects young people’s
mental health.
○ The government should increase funding for public healthcare services.

Answer Key (sample):

● In recent times, environmental issues have turned into a major issue globally.
● Certain individuals claim that social networks have a harmful impact on the
mental well-being of young people.
● The authorities ought to allocate more resources to public medical services.

Exercise 2: Sentence Restructuring

Objective: Practice changing sentence structures while keeping the original meaning
intact.

Instructions: Rewrite the following sentences by changing their structure. You may use
passive voice, rearrange clauses, or use different connectors.

Example Prompts:

1. Many students think that exams cause unnecessary stress.

○ Suggested Paraphrase: Exams are believed by many students to cause
unnecessary stress.
2. Prompts for Practice:
○ Technology has transformed the way people communicate and access
information.
○ Parents should teach their children about healthy eating habits.
○ Rural areas often lack the resources that are available in cities.

Answer Key (sample):

● The way people communicate and access information has been transformed by
technology.

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 ● It is the responsibility of parents to educate their children about healthy dietary
habits.
● Resources available in cities are often not present in rural regions.

Exercise 3: Paraphrasing Full Prompts

Objective: Practice paraphrasing entire IELTS Task 2 prompts, a skill essential for
introductions.

Instructions: Read each prompt and paraphrase it using synonyms, restructuring

sentences, or changing word forms. Try to keep your response around one sentence.

Example Prompt:
Some people think that job satisfaction is more important than salary when choosing a
job.

● Suggested Paraphrase: Certain individuals believe that satisfaction in one’s job

holds more significance than the paycheck when selecting employment.

Prompts for Practice:

1. Some people think that schools should teach children social skills as part of the
curriculum.
2. Governments should prioritize funding for public transport systems over road
infrastructure.
3. More and more people are choosing to work remotely rather than commuting to
an office.

Answer Key (sample):

● Some believe that schools should incorporate social skills into their teaching
syllabus.
● Funding for public transport systems should take priority over road development,
according to some views.
● An increasing number of individuals prefer remote work instead of commuting to
an office.

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Section 3: Practice with Sample Task 2 Prompts

Objective: Bring together all techniques (synonyms, structure changes, idiomatic

language) for paraphrasing complete Task 2 prompts.

Instructions: Paraphrase each full prompt using at least two paraphrasing techniques.

Prompts for Practice:

1. Some people think that advertising has a positive effect on people, while others
believe it has a negative impact.
2. Many parents believe that children should participate in team sports to develop
social skills.
3. People today are living longer than ever before, and this has implications for
health and social services.

Answer Key (sample):

● While certain individuals feel that advertisements benefit people, others argue
that they have an adverse influence.
● A large number of parents think that engaging in team sports helps children
cultivate social abilities.
● Today, people are enjoying longer lives than in the past, which affects healthcare
and social services.

Section 5: Paraphrasing Self-Assessment Checklist

Objective: Provide students with a checklist to evaluate their own paraphrasing efforts.

Checklist:

● Did I use appropriate synonyms that don’t change the meaning?

● Did I vary the sentence structure?
● Is the paraphrase clear and concise?
● Did I avoid overusing complex vocabulary or idioms that may confuse the
meaning?

Section 6: Paraphrasing Real Ielts Questions

1. Education and Learning

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 1. Some people think that schools should focus on academic subjects only, while
others believe that students should learn skills like cooking and personal finance.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
2. Many people believe that reading books is more beneficial for children than
watching TV or playing computer games. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?
3. Some people argue that students should choose their subjects according to their
interests, while others believe they should follow a fixed curriculum. Discuss both
views and give your opinion.
4. It is suggested that primary children should learn a foreign language. Do the
advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

2. Technology and Society

5. The use of social media has both positive and negative effects on individuals and
society. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
6. Some people think that technological advancements have made people more
social, while others believe that technology has made us more isolated. Discuss
both views and give your opinion.
7. With the widespread use of the internet, people can work and study from home
instead of going to offices or schools. Do the advantages of this outweigh the
disadvantages?
8. Some people say that mobile phones should be banned in public places, while
others disagree. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

3. Environment and Pollution

9. Some people think that only the government can make significant changes in
improving the environment, while others believe that individuals can also
contribute significantly. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
10. Many people think that it is the responsibility of the government to reduce
environmental pollution, while others think it is up to individuals. To what extent
do you agree or disagree?
11. Some people believe that companies and individuals should take responsibility
for reducing pollution. Others argue that it is the government’s duty to ensure
environmental protection. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
12. As the world becomes increasingly urbanized, more people are moving to cities,
causing environmental issues. What are some problems of urbanization, and
how can they be solved?

4. Health and Lifestyle

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 13. Many people say that fast food should be heavily taxed to encourage healthy
eating. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
14. Some people believe that a balanced diet and regular exercise are necessary for
maintaining good health, while others think other factors are also important.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
15. In some countries, the average weight of people is increasing, and their levels of
health and fitness are decreasing. What are the causes of this problem, and what
are some solutions?
16. Some people think that the government should provide free healthcare, while
others believe individuals should be responsible for their own health costs.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

5. Work and Economy

17. Many people believe that work-life balance is impossible to achieve in today’s
world. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
18. Some people say that individuals should be responsible for saving for their
retirement, while others believe that it is the government’s responsibility. Discuss
both views and give your opinion.
19. It is often argued that investing in public transportation is essential for economic
growth, while others believe that improving road infrastructure is more important.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
20. Some people think that companies should provide sports and social facilities for
local communities. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

6. Crime and Punishment

21. Some people believe that the death penalty is effective in preventing serious
crimes. Others think that other measures are needed. Discuss both views and
give your opinion.
22. Some people think that prisoners should be required to do unpaid community
work instead of being kept behind bars. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?
23. In many countries, the crime rate among teenagers is rising. What are the
causes of this problem, and what measures can be taken to address it?
24. Some people believe that crime prevention is more important than punishment,
while others think that punishment is essential for reducing crime. Discuss both
views and give your opinion.

7. Culture and Society

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 25. Some people think that museums should be free for everyone, while others think
they should charge admission fees. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
26. Some people believe that cultural traditions should be followed strictly, while
others think that it is important to adapt to modern society. Discuss both views
and give your opinion.
27. In some countries, traditional music is being replaced by international music. Do
you think the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages?
28. Some people believe that cultural values are lost when countries become more
similar due to globalization. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

8. Gender and Equality

29. Some people think that men and women have different natural abilities that make
them suited to different types of jobs. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
30. It is often argued that gender equality has not been fully achieved in the
workplace. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
31. Some people believe that women should have the same job opportunities as
men, while others think that certain jobs are more suitable for men. Discuss both
views and give your opinion.
32. Some people think that maternity leave should be increased to support women,
while others believe it is unfair to employers. Discuss both views and give your
opinion.

9. Globalization and International Issues

33. Some people believe that developed countries should provide financial aid to
poorer nations, while others argue that it is the responsibility of each country to
support itself. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
34. Many people believe that rich countries should do more to help poor countries.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
35. Some people argue that it is important for countries to protect their local
industries from foreign competition. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
36. As international travel becomes more affordable, more people are traveling
abroad. Do the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages?

TOPIC ANSWER

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Chapter 2: Developing effective ideas

Exercise Instructions

1. Read the prompt and identify one clear main idea to support your answer.
2. Develop the main idea by adding:
○ A reason that explains why this idea is relevant.
○ An example that illustrates the point in real-world or personal terms.
○ A result or consequence that shows the potential impact of this idea.
3. Complete this process for each prompt to strengthen your ability to provide
detailed support in your writing.

Sample Prompts for Idea Development

Below are prompts with a space to expand on each main idea. Use the template
provided to guide your development.

1. Prompt:

Some people think that children should be taught practical skills like cooking and
managing money in school, rather than just traditional academic subjects. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?

Main Idea: Practical skills like cooking and money management prepare children for
real-life responsibilities.

● Reason: Explain why this main idea is important. For example: Learning practical
skills enables children to become more independent as they grow up and equips
them with essential skills for adulthood.

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 ● Example: Provide a real-world or hypothetical example. For example: For
instance, if students learn how to budget money, they might avoid financial
issues like debt in the future.
● Result/Consequence: Describe the outcome of this idea. For example: As a
result, young people who acquire these skills may be better equipped to make
responsible decisions in adult life.

2. Prompt:

Many people believe that fast food should be heavily taxed to encourage healthier
eating. Do you agree or disagree?

Main Idea: Taxing fast food can reduce health issues related to poor diet choices.

● Reason: Explain why taxing fast food could be effective. For example: A tax on
fast food would likely increase prices, which may discourage frequent
consumption of unhealthy foods.
● Example: Provide a real-world or hypothetical example. For example: In some
countries, a similar “sugar tax” on sugary drinks has led to a decrease in sales,
as seen in places like the UK.
● Result/Consequence: Describe the potential impact. For example:
Consequently, people may begin to choose healthier food options, reducing the
rates of obesity and other diet-related health issues.

3. Prompt:

Some people say that public transportation should be free for everyone. To what extent
do you agree or disagree?

Main Idea: Making public transportation free could reduce traffic congestion and
pollution.

● Reason: Explain why free public transportation could lead to these benefits. For
example: Free access to public transportation might encourage more people to
use buses or trains instead of personal vehicles, decreasing the number of cars
on the road.
● Example: Provide a real-world or hypothetical example. For example: In Tallinn,
Estonia, the government made public transport free, leading to a noticeable
reduction in traffic within the city center.

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 ● Result/Consequence: Describe the outcome. For example: This could result in
lower pollution levels and less time spent in traffic for everyone, contributing to
cleaner air and improved public health.

4. Prompt:

Some people believe that children nowadays have too much freedom. To what extent
do you agree or disagree?

Main Idea: Excessive freedom can lead to negative behavioral patterns in children.

● Reason: Explain why too much freedom may be detrimental. For example:
Without sufficient boundaries, children might lack a sense of discipline or
responsibility, leading to problematic behavior.
● Example: Provide an example. For example: Studies have shown that children
who are not given clear limits tend to struggle with authority in school settings.
● Result/Consequence: Describe the potential impact. For example: Over time,
this may affect their academic performance and social relationships, as they may
not learn to respect rules or boundaries.

5. Prompt:

Some people think that it is better to educate boys and girls in separate schools. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?

Main Idea: Educating boys and girls separately can allow schools to tailor teaching
methods to suit different learning styles.

● Reason: Explain why single-gender education might be beneficial. For example:

Studies suggest that boys and girls sometimes have different learning
preferences, so single-gender education could cater specifically to these needs.
● Example: Provide an example. For example: For instance, boys might perform
better in a more hands-on, competitive environment, while girls may excel in
collaborative settings.
● Result/Consequence: Describe the potential impact. For example: This tailored
approach could help each group reach its full potential, leading to higher
academic performance and increased confidence.

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Practice Prompts for Idea Development

1. Education:
Some people think that all university students should study whatever they like.
Others believe they should only be allowed to study subjects that will be useful in
the future, such as those related to science and technology. Discuss both views
and give your own opinion.
2. Technology:
In many countries, people are spending more time on their mobile phones. Why
do you think this is happening? Is it a positive or negative development?
3. Health:
Some people believe that the best way to improve public health is to increase the
number of sports facilities. Others believe this would have little effect on public
health and that other measures are required. Discuss both views and give your
opinion.
4. Environment:
Some people believe that individual actions, like recycling and avoiding waste,
can make a big difference in environmental protection. Others think that only
governments and large companies can make an impact. Discuss both views and
give your opinion.
5. Work-Life Balance:
In some cultures, people think that their job is the most important part of their life.
Why do you think this is the case? Do you think this is a positive or negative
trend?
6. Globalization:
Some people think that the increased use of global languages, like English, will
lead to a loss of cultural identity. Do you agree or disagree?
7. Social Media:
Some people think that social media platforms are doing more harm than good to
individuals and society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
8. Family and Relationships:
Some people believe that children should be taught how to be good parents in
school. Do you agree or disagree with this view?
9. Travel and Tourism:
Some people believe that tourism is damaging for local cultures and the
environment. Others think it is beneficial for local economies and global
understanding. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
10. Public Transportation:
Many governments spend a large amount of money on public transportation
improvements. Some believe this is essential, while others feel the money should
be spent on other pressing issues. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

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TOPIC ANSWER

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Chapter 3: Simplified Structure for Task 2 Essays

1. Body Paragraph 1: Present the Opposing View

● In this paragraph, students should present the opposing side of the

argument (what other people say or believe). This helps show they understand
both sides of the issue.
● Students do not need to agree with this opposing view; they just need to
explain it objectively.
● Example Phrases:
○ “Some people argue that…”
○ “Many people believe that…”
○ “It is often said that…”

2. Body Paragraph 2: Present Your Opinion (The One You Are More Inclined to)

● In this paragraph, students present their own opinion and explain why they
are more inclined to this viewpoint. They should also provide solid reasons
and examples to support it.
● Example Phrases:
○ “In my opinion, …”
○ “I believe that …”
○ “I agree with the view that …”

Detailed Example for Opinion Essay

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Prompt: Some people believe that technology has made communication easier, while
others disagree. Do you agree or disagree?

● Body Paragraph 1 (The Opposing View): Present the opposing view (people
who disagree with technology making communication easier).
○ "Some people argue that technology, while making communication more
accessible, has actually led to a decline in face-to-face interactions. They
believe that people are more likely to communicate through devices, which
can make relationships less personal and meaningful."
● Body Paragraph 2 (Your Opinion): Present your opinion and reasons why you
agree that technology has made communication easier.
○ "In my opinion, technology has significantly improved communication by
making it faster and more accessible. For example, social media platforms
allow people to stay connected with family and friends no matter the
distance, and instant messaging apps provide quick solutions for both
personal and professional conversations."

Detailed Example for Discussion Essay

Prompt: Some people believe that university students should be able to choose what to
study, while others think they should focus on subjects that will be useful in the future,
like science and technology. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

● Body Paragraph 1 (The Opposing View): Present the view that students should
focus on subjects with future career opportunities (science, technology, etc.).
○ "Some people believe that university students should focus on practical
subjects, such as science, engineering, or technology, as these fields are
likely to offer higher-paying job opportunities. They argue that pursuing
such fields will ensure a more secure future in the job market."
● Body Paragraph 2 (Your Opinion): Present your opinion that students should
be free to choose their field of study.
○ "However, I believe that students should have the freedom to choose
subjects they are passionate about, regardless of their perceived future
economic value. By following their interests, students will be more
engaged and motivated in their studies, leading to a higher likelihood of
success and job satisfaction in the long run."

How to Structure Body Paragraphs for Different Essay Types

A. Opinion Essays (Agree/Disagree)

● Body Paragraph 1: Present the opposing view.

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 ● Body Paragraph 2: Present your opinion (the one you are more inclined to) and
explain why you agree with it.

B. Discussion Essays (Discuss Both Sides)

● Body Paragraph 1: Present one side of the argument.

● Body Paragraph 2: Present the other side of the argument, but clearly
emphasize your opinion in favor of one side.

C. Problem-Solution Essays

● Body Paragraph 1: Present the problem.

● Body Paragraph 2: Present your solution and explain why it is the best solution.

D. Advantages-Disadvantages Essays

● Body Paragraph 1: Present the advantages of the topic.

● Body Paragraph 2: Present the disadvantages of the topic, but explain why the
disadvantages are more significant if that’s your opinion.

Steps for Students to Follow:

1. Read the prompt carefully: Identify whether the essay requires an opinion, a
discussion of both sides, or a problem/solution format.
2. Body 1: Clearly explain the opposing viewpoint (you don’t have to agree with
it).
3. Body 2: Present your own opinion and explain why you agree with this
viewpoint, supporting it with reasons and examples.
4. Use linking phrases to connect ideas clearly, such as:
○ "However, in contrast to this view..."
○ "On the other hand..."
○ "I believe that..."

Sample Practice Prompts for Students:

1. Prompt: Some people think that parents should be responsible for teaching their
children good behavior, while others believe that schools should be the ones to
educate children on this. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
2. Prompt: Many believe that advertising to children should be banned, while
others think it should be allowed. Do you agree or disagree?

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 3. Prompt: Some people think the government should spend money on public
services like healthcare and education, while others believe that it should be
spent on infrastructure. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
4. Prompt: Some people feel that international sporting events are good for a
country’s economy, while others believe they bring negative effects. Discuss both
views and give your opinion.
5. Prompt: Some believe that children should be allowed to play video games,
while others argue that it can negatively impact their health. Do you agree or
disagree?

1. Prompt: Some people think that parents should be responsible for teaching
their children good behavior, while others believe that schools should be the
ones to educate children on this. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Body Paragraph 1 (Opposing View):

● Main Idea 1: Parents play an essential role in instilling core values and discipline
at home.
○ Development: Parents are the first role models for children, and they set
the foundation for good behavior from an early age. Children learn basic
manners, respect, and empathy primarily from their parents.
○ Example: For instance, parents are usually the ones who teach their
children how to share, say "please" and "thank you," and resolve conflicts
in a peaceful manner.
● Main Idea 2: Parents understand their children’s unique needs and can tailor
their approach.
○ Development: Unlike schools, where there are many students, parents
have the time and understanding to provide personalized guidance on
good behavior according to their child’s personality and circumstances.
○ Example: For example, some children may respond better to positive
reinforcement, while others may need stricter discipline; parents are best
positioned to adapt to these needs.

Body Paragraph 2 (Your Opinion):

● Main Idea 1: Schools offer a broader social environment where children can
practice and reinforce good behavior.
○ Development: Schools provide a structured environment where children
interact with peers and teachers, learning social skills and appropriate
behavior in diverse contexts.

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 ○ Example: For instance, children in school learn how to collaborate with
others, respect authority, and behave in group settings through classroom
activities and extracurricular programs.
● Main Idea 2: Teachers are trained professionals who can offer expertise in
educating children about social norms and values.
○ Development: Unlike parents, teachers are trained to handle various
behavioral issues in a way that supports children’s emotional and social
development, including managing conflicts and promoting inclusivity.
○ Example: For instance, in many schools, character education programs
are designed to teach children about respect, kindness, and empathy
through lessons, discussions, and role-playing exercises.

3. Prompt: Many believe that the government should spend money on public
services like healthcare and education, while others believe that it should be
spent on infrastructure. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Body Paragraph 1 (Opposing View):

● Main Idea 1: Infrastructure projects drive economic growth and development.

○ Development: Investment in infrastructure, such as transportation
systems, roads, and utilities, is crucial for economic development and can
provide immediate benefits, like job creation and improved trade
opportunities.
○ Example: For example, improving public transport systems can reduce
traffic congestion, encourage more people to use public transport, and
reduce environmental pollution.
● Main Idea 2: Infrastructure supports social mobility and improves overall living
standards.
○ Development: Modernized infrastructure ensures that citizens have better
access to essential services like clean water, sanitation, and electricity,
improving quality of life across communities.
○ Example: For instance, the construction of better roads and bridges in
rural areas can help people access healthcare, education, and markets
more easily, which in turn improves their economic opportunities.

Body Paragraph 2 (Your Opinion):

● Main Idea 1: Public services like healthcare and education are fundamental to
the long-term success of a country.

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 ○ Development: While infrastructure projects bring immediate benefits,
investment in public services like healthcare and education is crucial for a
country's sustainable growth. A healthy and educated population is the
backbone of a thriving society.
○ Example: For instance, investing in healthcare can reduce preventable
diseases, ensuring that the workforce remains healthy and productive,
while quality education equips citizens with the skills needed for the future
economy.
● Main Idea 2: Imbalanced focus on infrastructure may neglect the needs of the
people.
○ Development: Without adequate investment in healthcare and education,
economic growth may not be sustainable in the long run, as a lack of
access to basic services can lead to social inequality and unrest.
○ Example: For example, a country with state-of-the-art infrastructure but
poor healthcare and education systems may struggle with poverty and
social instability, as citizens will not be able to contribute meaningfully to
the economy or society.

2. Prompt: Many believe that advertising to children should be banned, while

others think it should be allowed. Do you agree or disagree?

Body Paragraph 1 (Opposing View):

● Main Idea 1: Advertising exploits children’s naivety, making them more

vulnerable to manipulation.
○ Development: Children have limited critical thinking skills and cannot
differentiate between content and persuasive advertising, making them
more susceptible to marketing strategies.
○ Example: For example, advertisements for unhealthy snacks often target
young viewers, convincing them that these products are fun or exciting,
even if they are detrimental to their health.
● Main Idea 2: Advertising to children contributes to materialism and unhealthy
lifestyle choices.
○ Development: Many ads encourage excessive consumption of goods,
leading children to believe that happiness comes from acquiring material
items or unhealthy food.
○ Example: For instance, toy commercials often create a desire in children
to collect toys, fostering a sense of entitlement or the belief that they need
things to feel happy.

Body Paragraph 2 (Your Opinion):

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 ● Main Idea 1: Moderated advertising can have educational benefits for children.
○ Development: Well-regulated advertisements can introduce children to
educational tools, innovative learning products, and activities that promote
their development.
○ Example: For example, advertisements for educational TV shows, apps,
or books can enhance children's cognitive and language skills.
● Main Idea 2: Banning advertisements may restrict children’s access to useful
information.
○ Development: Advertising provides children with knowledge about new
products that could aid their learning or leisure activities. It also keeps
parents informed about child-friendly products.
○ Example: For instance, advertisements for science kits or educational
games allow parents and children to explore learning opportunities
together.

4. Prompt: Some people feel that international sporting events are good for a
country’s economy, while others believe they bring negative effects. Discuss both
views and give your opinion.

Body Paragraph 1 (Opposing View):

● Main Idea 1: International sporting events create temporary boosts to the

economy.
○ Development: These events attract tourists, generate revenue from ticket
sales, and create short-term employment opportunities.
○ Example: For example, the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil brought
millions of international visitors, which boosted tourism and local
businesses.
● Main Idea 2: Hosting international events raises a country’s global profile,
attracting investment and tourism.
○ Development: A successful event can highlight a country’s infrastructure,
culture, and tourism potential, boosting long-term economic benefits.
○ Example: For example, the 2008 Beijing Olympics helped establish China
as an emerging global superpower, drawing significant investment.

Body Paragraph 2 (Your Opinion):

● Main Idea 1: The long-term costs often outweigh the economic benefits.
○ Development: The high costs of hosting these events often burden
taxpayers, while the anticipated long-term economic growth is not always
realized.

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 ○ Example: For instance, many countries that have hosted the Olympics
have faced financial difficulties afterward due to maintaining unused
infrastructure.
● Main Idea 2: The focus should be on sustainable investments that benefit
citizens directly.
○ Development: Instead of investing heavily in one-time events,
governments should invest in projects that provide lasting benefits to the
entire population.
○ Example: For example, funding improvements in healthcare, education,
and transportation would have a more sustained positive impact on
society.

5. Prompt: Some believe that children should be allowed to play video games,
while others argue that it can negatively impact their health. Do you agree or
disagree?

Body Paragraph 1 (Opposing View):

● Main Idea 1: Video games lead to physical health issues in children.

○ Development: Prolonged gaming sessions contribute to a sedentary
lifestyle, leading to problems like obesity, poor posture, and sleep
disturbances.
○ Example: For example, children who spend hours gaming often neglect
physical activities, contributing to weight gain and related health problems.
● Main Idea 2: Video games can negatively affect children’s mental and social
health.
○ Development: Excessive gaming can lead to addiction, reducing social
interaction and contributing to loneliness or mental health issues.
○ Example: For instance, children who play excessively may struggle with
forming friendships outside of the gaming world.

Body Paragraph 2 (Your Opinion):

● Main Idea 1: Video games can have educational benefits if played in moderation.
○ Development: Many video games are designed to improve cognitive skills
such as problem-solving, strategic thinking, and creativity.
○ Example: For example, puzzle games and educational games can help
children learn while having fun, providing both entertainment and
intellectual stimulation.
● Main Idea 2: The key is balance and moderation.

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 ○ Development: Video games should be balanced with other activities like
outdoor play, social interaction, and academic learning.
○ Example: For instance, setting time limits on gaming and encouraging
children to engage in physical activities can help ensure that video games
don’t negatively affect their health.

Chapter 4: Sentence-Level Skills and Vocabulary Building

Section 1: Sentence Structure Enhancement

Improving sentence structure is key for achieving higher scores in IELTS Writing. In this
section, students will practice different types of sentences and grammatical structures
that are important for clear, cohesive, and complex writing.

1. Simple vs. Complex Sentences

● Objective: Teach students the difference between simple and complex

sentences and how to use them effectively in their writing.
● Explanation:
○ Simple Sentences are short, straightforward statements. They have one
independent clause (subject + verb + object).
○ Complex Sentences consist of an independent clause and one or more
dependent clauses. These sentences are essential for higher-level writing
because they help students express more sophisticated ideas.
● Exercise:
○ Task: Rewrite the following simple sentences as complex sentences.
1. "There are many benefits to exercising regularly."
2. "Education is important for personal development."
3. "The government should invest in public transport."
○ Solution:
1. "Although there are many benefits to exercising regularly, many
people still prefer sedentary activities."
2. "Education is important for personal development because it equips
individuals with the skills needed for success."
3. "The government should invest in public transport to reduce traffic
congestion and improve air quality."

2. Using Conditional Sentences

● Objective: Teach students how to use conditional sentences to express

hypothetical situations and consequences.

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 ● Explanation:
Conditional sentences describe what will happen or what could have happened
in different circumstances. There are four types: zero, first, second, and third
conditionals.
○ Zero conditional: If + present simple, + present simple (used for general
truths).
○ First conditional: If + present simple, + will + verb (used for real future
situations).
○ Second conditional: If + past simple, + would + verb (used for
hypothetical present/future situations).
○ Third conditional: If + past perfect, + would have + past participle (used
for hypothetical past situations).
● Exercise:
○ Task: Complete the conditional sentences with appropriate words.
1. "If the government ________________ (invest) more in renewable
energy, the country could reduce its carbon footprint."
2. "If I ________________ (have) more time, I would travel more
often."
3. "If public transport ________________ (improve), fewer people
would drive cars."
○ Solution:
1. "If the government invested more in renewable energy, the country
could reduce its carbon footprint."
2. "If I had more time, I would travel more often."
3. "If public transport improved, fewer people would drive cars."

Section 2: Expanding Vocabulary

The next part of the chapter will focus on expanding vocabulary so students can choose
the right words to express their ideas more clearly and precisely.

1. Synonyms and Paraphrasing

● Objective: Help students expand their vocabulary and use synonyms effectively
to avoid repetition and increase lexical resource scores.
● Explanation:
A strong vocabulary allows students to paraphrase and express ideas in multiple
ways. This is particularly useful for IELTS Writing Task 2, where paraphrasing the
question and developing ideas with varied vocabulary can make the writing more
engaging and professional.

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 ● Exercise:
○ Task: Replace the underlined words with appropriate synonyms.
1. "Education is very important for personal development."
2. "The government should spend more money on health care."
3. "Public transportation helps reduce traffic and pollution."
○ Solution:
1. "Education is crucial for personal growth."
2. "The government should allocate more funds to healthcare."
3. "Public transport contributes to alleviating traffic congestion and
curbing pollution."

2. Using Formal Language

● Objective: Teach students how to use formal vocabulary appropriate for IELTS
Task 2 academic writing.
● Explanation:
Task 2 writing requires a formal style, so it’s important to use academic language.
Words like "a lot" or "kids" should be avoided, and more formal equivalents
should be used instead.
● Exercise:
○ Task: Replace the informal expressions with formal equivalents.
1. "Kids should be taught how to behave in a polite way."
2. "A lot of people don’t have enough access to healthcare."
3. "The government needs to fix the problem of traffic jams."
○ Solution:
1. "Children should be taught how to behave appropriately."
2. "Many individuals do not have sufficient access to healthcare."
3. "The government needs to address the issue of traffic congestion."

Section 3: Sentence Variety and Cohesion

This section will focus on helping students use a variety of sentence types and connect
ideas smoothly for better cohesion in their writing.

1. Using Transition Words and Phrases

● Objective: Teach students to use transition words to show logical connections

between ideas, making their writing flow more naturally.
● Explanation:
Transition words help signal the relationship between ideas, such as cause and

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 effect, contrast, addition, example, and conclusion. Common transition words
include:
○ For cause and effect: because, therefore, as a result, due to
○ For contrast: however, on the other hand, whereas
○ For addition: furthermore, moreover, in addition
○ For example: for instance, such as, for example
○ For conclusion: in conclusion, to sum up, overall
● Exercise:
○ Task: Fill in the blanks with appropriate transition words.
1. "_________ the increase in traffic, the air quality has worsened."
2. "Many people support building more infrastructure, ________ some
argue that spending should be directed elsewhere."
3. "_________ the government's efforts to reduce poverty, income
inequality is still a significant issue."
○ Solution:
1. "Due to the increase in traffic, the air quality has worsened."
2. "Many people support building more infrastructure, while some
argue that spending should be directed elsewhere."
3. "Despite the government's efforts to reduce poverty, income
inequality is still a significant issue."

Chapter 5: Vocabulary boost

1. Education

● Play a crucial role

○ “Teachers play a crucial role in shaping the future of their students.”
● Have a profound impact
○ “Technology has a profound impact on modern education, enhancing
learning experiences.”
● Access to education
○ “Equal access to education is fundamental to building a fair society.”
● Promote lifelong learning
○ “Governments should promote lifelong learning to ensure that people
can adapt to changing job markets.”
● Provide a high standard of education
○ “It is important that all schools provide a high standard of education to
ensure the future success of their students.”
● Adopt an innovative approach

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 ○ “Many universities have adopted innovative approaches to online
learning, providing flexibility for students.”
● Raise educational standards
○ “It is essential to raise educational standards by improving teacher
training and resources.”

2. Environment

● Have a significant effect

○ “Deforestation has a significant effect on the global climate.”
● Contribute to environmental degradation
○ “Industrial activities often contribute to environmental degradation,
polluting air and water.”
● Mitigate the impact
○ “Governments must act urgently to mitigate the impact of climate change
through sustainable policies.”
● Protect the environment
○ “It is important to protect the environment to ensure a livable planet for
future generations.”
● Reduce carbon emissions
○ “One of the most important measures to combat climate change is to
reduce carbon emissions.”
● Promote sustainable development
○ “We must promote sustainable development to meet the needs of today
without compromising future generations.”
● Combat pollution
○ “Stricter laws can help combat pollution in urban areas, improving public
health.”

3. Technology

● Revolutionize the way

○ “Smartphones have revolutionized the way people communicate and
access information.”
● Bring about changes
○ “The digital age has brought about significant changes in how
businesses operate.”
● Have far-reaching consequences
○ “Artificial intelligence has far-reaching consequences for industries such
as healthcare and manufacturing.”
● Change the landscape of

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 ○ “The advent of the internet has changed the landscape of global
communication.”
● Enhance efficiency
○ “New software applications can enhance efficiency in the workplace,
reducing the need for manual tasks.”
● Integrate technology into
○ “Schools should integrate technology into the curriculum to enhance
learning experiences.”
● Lead to automation
○ “Increased reliance on AI and robotics will lead to automation in many
industries.”

4. Health and Fitness

● Lead to serious health problems

○ “A sedentary lifestyle can lead to serious health problems such as
obesity and heart disease.”
● Adopt a healthy lifestyle
○ “To improve overall well-being, people must adopt a healthy lifestyle that
includes regular exercise and a balanced diet.”
● Improve mental well-being
○ “Exercise not only improves physical health but also improves mental
well-being.”
● Promote public health
○ “Governments should invest in campaigns to promote public health and
raise awareness of healthy living.”
● Reduce the risk of diseases
○ “A healthy diet can reduce the risk of diseases such as diabetes and
hypertension.”
● Play a significant role in
○ “Physical activity plays a significant role in preventing chronic diseases.”
● Offer health benefits
○ “Yoga and meditation offer health benefits by reducing stress and
improving mental clarity.”

5. Crime and Punishment

● Commit a crime
○ “Many individuals commit crimes due to a lack of education and
economic opportunity.”
● Serve a prison sentence

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 ○ “Offenders should serve a prison sentence to ensure justice is served for
their crimes.”
● Prevent criminal activity
○ “Community-based programs can prevent criminal activity by providing
support and guidance to at-risk youth.”
● Enforce the law
○ “Police officers are responsible for enforcing the law and ensuring public
safety.”
● Reduce crime rates
○ “Investing in education and social services is an effective way to reduce
crime rates.”
● Rehabilitate offenders
○ “Rather than focusing solely on punishment, it is important to rehabilitate
offenders to prevent recidivism.”
● Address the root causes
○ “To effectively tackle crime, it is essential to address the root causes,
such as poverty and inequality.”

6. Globalization

● Have a global reach

○ “Multinational corporations have a global reach, offering products and
services in countries worldwide.”
● Foster international cooperation
○ “Global challenges such as climate change require governments to foster
international cooperation.”
● Create economic opportunities
○ “Globalization has created economic opportunities by opening new
markets and encouraging foreign investment.”
● Promote cross-cultural understanding
○ “Travel and migration help promote cross-cultural understanding, as
people from different backgrounds interact.”
● Increase interdependence
○ “Globalization has increased interdependence among countries, making
international collaboration more vital.”
● Enrich local cultures
○ “Globalization can enrich local cultures by exposing people to new ideas
and perspectives.”
● Narrow the economic gap
○ “Global trade has the potential to narrow the economic gap between
wealthy and developing countries.”

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7. Government and Politics

● Implement policies
○ “Governments must implement policies that promote social justice and
economic equality.”
● Exercise political power
○ “Some leaders exercise political power in ways that limit the freedoms of
their citizens.”
● Maintain social order
○ “A government’s primary duty is to maintain social order and protect the
rights of its people.”
● Establish a fair legal system
○ “It is vital to establish a fair legal system to ensure that justice is
delivered equally to all citizens.”
● Ensure political stability
○ “Countries with stable governments are more likely to ensure political
stability, fostering economic growth.”
● Protect human rights
○ “It is the duty of governments to protect human rights and ensure
equality for all citizens.”
● Enforce laws
○ “In order to ensure a safe society, governments must enforce laws
effectively and fairly.”

8. Society and Culture

● Foster social cohesion

○ “Community programs can foster social cohesion by promoting
interaction among people from diverse backgrounds.”
● Preserve cultural heritage
○ “It is important to preserve cultural heritage in the face of globalization to
maintain cultural identity.”
● Shape societal values
○ “The media plays a significant role in shaping societal values and
influencing public opinion.”
● Promote equality
○ “Laws should promote equality to ensure that all individuals, regardless
of their background, have the same rights.”
● Encourage diversity
○ “Schools should encourage diversity to teach students to value different
perspectives and ideas.”

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 ● Address social issues
○ “Governments must address social issues such as poverty and
homelessness to create a fairer society.”
● Challenge stereotypes
○ “It is important to challenge stereotypes in order to reduce discrimination
and promote inclusivity.”

9. Economy and Employment

● Boost economic growth

○ “Governments can boost economic growth by investing in infrastructure
and supporting small businesses.”
● Create job opportunities
○ “Technological innovation is likely to create job opportunities in fields
such as IT and green energy.”
● Reduce unemployment rates
○ “A strong economy and government programs can reduce
unemployment rates by providing training and education.”
● Drive economic development
○ “Foreign investment can drive economic development, especially in
emerging markets.”
● Foster job security
○ “It is essential for governments to foster job security through policies that
protect workers’ rights.”
● Offer financial incentives
○ “Governments can offer financial incentives to companies that create
new jobs and contribute to economic growth.”
● Encourage entrepreneurship
○ “Providing funding and resources for startups can encourage
entrepreneurship, driving innovation and job creation.”

10. Science and Research

● Make groundbreaking discoveries

○ “Scientists have made groundbreaking discoveries in the field of
genetics, improving treatments for various diseases.”
● Advance scientific knowledge
○ “New technologies advance scientific knowledge by enabling
researchers to conduct experiments with greater accuracy.”
● Push the boundaries of research

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 ○ “Innovative researchers are constantly pushing the boundaries of
research to solve pressing global problems.”
● Promote scientific innovation
○ “Government funding is crucial to promote scientific innovation, which
can lead to the development of new technologies.”
● Conduct experiments
○ “Researchers conduct experiments to test hypotheses and validate
scientific theories.”
● Foster scientific collaboration
○ “International partnerships can foster scientific collaboration, allowing
researchers to share expertise and resources.”

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