Scribd
Upload
16 views12 pages

UNIT-1 (Lec-2)

Uploaded by

d3ad6coc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
16 views12 pages

UNIT-1 (Lec-2)

Uploaded by

d3ad6coc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

Various approaches to AI

&
What should all Engineers
know about AI

1
What are the Types of Artificial Intelligence?
• Different Artificial Intelligence entities are built for different purposes, and
that’s how they vary.

• AI can be classified based on Type 1 and Type 2 (Based on functionalities).

Type-1:
Types of Artificial Intelligence:

• Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI)

• Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)

• Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI) 2


3
Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI)
• Designed to solve one single problem and able to execute a single task really well.
• They have narrow capabilities, like recommending a product for an e-commerce user or
predicting the weather.

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)


• AGI is still a theoretical concept.
• It’s defined as AI which has a human-level of cognitive function, across a wide variety
of domains such as language processing, image processing, reasoning etc.

Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI)


• It would be able to surpass all human capabilities.
• This would include decision making, taking rational decisions, and even includes things
like making better art and building emotional relationships.
4
Types of Artificial Intelligence (Type2 based on
functionalities):

• Based on the ways the machines behave, there are four types of Artificial
Intelligence approaches –

• Reactive Machines

• Limited Memory

• Theory of Mind, and

• Self-awareness.

5
Reactive Machines
• These machines are the most basic form of AI applications. Examples of reactive
machines are games like Deep Blue, IBM’s chess-playing supercomputer.

• The AI teams do not use any training sets to feed the machines, nor do the latter
store data for future references.

• Based on the move made by the opponent, the machine decides/predicts the next
move.

Limited Memory
• These machines belong to the class II category of AI applications. Self-driven
cars are the perfect example.

• These machines are fed with data and are trained with other cars’ speed and direction,
lane markings, traffic lights, curves of roads, and other important factors, over time.
6
Theory of Mind
• This is where we are, struggling to make this concept work, however, we are not
there yet.

• Theory of mind is the concept where the bots will be able to understand the
human emotions, thoughts, and how they react to them.

Self-Awareness
• These machines are the extension of the Class III type of AI.

• It is one step ahead of understanding human emotions.

• This is the phase where the AI teams build machines with self-awareness factor
programmed in them which seems far-fetched from where we stand today.

7
Strong and Weak Artificial Intelligence

• Extensive research in Artificial Intelligence also divides it into two more


categories, namely Strong Artificial Intelligence and Weak ArtificialIntelligence.

• The terms were coined by John Searle in order to differentiate the performance
levels in different kinds of AI machines.

• Here are some of the core differences between them.

8
Some of the core differences between Weak AI and Strong AI

Weak AI Strong AI
• It is a narrow application with a • It is a wider application with a more
limited scope. vast scope.
• This application is good at specific • This application has an incredible
tasks. human-level intelligence.
• It uses supervised and unsupervised • It uses clustering and association to
learning to process data. process data.
• Example: Siri, Alexa • Example: Advanced Robotics

9
What is the Purpose of Artificial Intelligence?

• The purpose of Artificial Intelligence is to aid human capabilities


and help us make advanced decisions with far-reaching
consequences. That’s the answer from a technical standpoint.

• From a philosophical perspective, Artificial Intelligence has the


potential to help humans live more meaningful lives devoid of hard
labour, and help manage the complex web of interconnected
individuals, companies, states and nations to function in a manner
that’s beneficial to all of humanity.
10
What is the Purpose of Artificial Intelligence?
• Currently, the purpose of Artificial Intelligence is shared by all the
different tools and techniques that we’ve invented over the past
thousand years – to simplify human effort, and to help us make better
decisions.
• Currently, Artificial Intelligence is being used mostly by companies to
improve their process efficiencies, automate resource-heavy tasks, and
to make business predictions based on hard data rather than gut feelings.
• As all technology that has come before this, the research and
development costs need to be subsidised by corporations and
government agencies before it becomes accessible to everyday laymen.
11
12

You might also like