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Volume Measurement

SURVEYING

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Nilang Panchal
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36 views24 pages

Volume Measurement

SURVEYING

Uploaded by

Nilang Panchal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Surveying

B.Tech-Civil, Semester-III,
D D University
Volume Measurement

-2-
Introduction
▪ The computation of volumes of various quantities from the measurements done in the field is
required in planning and design of many engineering works.
▪ The volume of earth work is required for suitable alignment of road works, canal and sewer
lines, soil and water conservation works, farm pond and percolation pond consent.

-3-
Methods of computation of Volume
▪ The following three methods are available for computation of volumes:
I. From cross-sections
II. From spot levels and
III. From contours.
▪ First method is useful for computing earth work involved in road/rail/canal/sewage works.
▪ Second method is useful for finding earth work in foundations of large building and
▪ Third method is useful for finding capacity of reservoirs.

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Computation of Volume from Cross-sections
▪ To compute earth work, profile levelling is
carried out along the centre line of the
alignment of the project and cross-
sectional levels are taken at regular
intervals. Then the volume of earth work
can be found, if the cross-sections are
determined.
▪ Sections can be: Level Section, Two Level
Section, Three Level Section, Part cut-
part fill section, Multi level section

-5-
Computation of Volume from Cross-sections

-6-
Computation of Volume from Cross-sections
Level section:
▪ Area = (b+sh)*h
▪ Volume = Area * Distance

-7-
Computation of Volume from Cross-sections
Level section:
▪ Example: Calculate the sectional area of an embankment 10 m wide, with a side slope of 1V:2H.
The ground is level in a transverse direction to the centre line. The central height of the
embankment is 2.5 m. If, cross-section remain same for 1 km length; find the volume.

▪ Area = (b+sh)*h = (10 + 2x2.5) x 2.5 = 37.5 sq.m

▪ Volume = Area * Distance = 37.5 x 1000 = 37500 cu.m

-8-
Computation of Volume from Cross-sections
▪ Having cross section at different points along the length, total volume along the length can be
found out using Trapezoidal Formula and Prismoidal Formula.

▪ Trapezoidal Rule (End area method)

▪ Prismoidal Rule

-9-
Computation of Volume from Cross-sections
▪ An embankment of width 10 m and side slope 1.5 H : 1 V is required to be made on a ground
which is level in a transverse direction to the centre line. Central height ad different cross-section
are: 0.90, 1.25, 2.15, 2.50, 1.85, 1.35 and 0.85 .Calculate the volume of earth work according to
the trapezoidal formula and prismoidal formula. Common interval is 40 m.

▪ A = (b + sh) x h , A1 = (10 + 1.5 x 0.90) x 0.90 = 10.22 m2


▪ A2 = (10 + 1.5 x 1.25) x 1.25 = 14.84 m2 , A3 = (10 + 1.5 x 2.15) x 2.15 = 28.43 m2
▪ A4 = (10 + 1.5 x 2.50) x 2.50 = 34.38 m2 , A5 = (10 + 1.5 x 1.85) x 1.85 = 23.63 m2
▪ A6 = (10 + 1.5 x 1.35) x 1.35 = 16.23 m2 , A7 = (10 + 1.5 x 0.85) x 0.85 = 9.58 m2

-10-
Computation of Volume from Cross-sections
▪ (10.22, 14.84, 28.43, 34.38, 23.63, 16.23, 9.58 sq.m)

-11-
Computation of Volume from Cross-sections
▪ An excavation is to be made for a reservoir 40 m long and 30 m wide at the bottom. The side
slope of the excavation has to be 1V:2H. Calculate the volume of the earth work if the depth of
excavation is 5 m. Assume level ground at the site.

-12-
Computation of Volume from Cross-sections

-13-
Computation of Volume from Cross-sections

-14-
Computation of Volume from Spot Levels
▪ This method of estimating the earthwork quantities is also known as the unit area method.
▪ In this method, the area is divided into regular figures such as squares, rectangles, triangles and
the level of the corners of the figures are measured before and after the construction.
▪ From the level difference- the depth of excavation can be worked out and from average depth
and area- volume can be calculated.

-15-
Computation of Volume from Spot Levels

-16-
Computation of Volume from Spot Levels
▪ Example: Fig. shows the distribution of 12 spot heights with a regular 20 m spacing covering a
rectangular area which is to be graded to form a horizontal plane having an elevation of 10.00 m.
Calculate the volume of the earth. (Consider squares only)

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Computation of Volume from Spot Levels

-18-
Volume Measurement using Contour Map

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Volume Measurement using Contour Map

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Volume Measurement using Contour Map
▪ Figure shows a dam with full water level of 100 m
and contours on upstream side. Capacity of reservoir
to be found is nothing but volume of fill with water
level at 100 m.

▪ The whole area lying within a contour line is found by


planimeter. It may be noted that area to be
measured is not between two consecutive contour
lines.

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Volume Measurement using Contour Map

-22-
Volume Measurement using Contour Map

-23-
Volume Measurement using Contour Map

52700

6,51,138 cu.m

-24-

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