Department of Electrical Engineering

1. Subject Code: EE-208 Course Title: Asynchronous and Synchronous Machines

2. Contact Hours: L: 3 T: 0 P: 2
3. Examination Duration (Hrs.): Theory: 3 Practical: 0
4. Relative Weight: CWS: 15 PRS: 25 MTE: 20 ETE: 40 PRE: 0
5. Credits: 4 6. Semester: IV 7. Subject Area: DCC
8. Pre-requisite: EE-101/102, EE-201, EE-202, EE-205
9. Objective: To familiarize the students with the construction and operation of asynchronous and synchronous
machines in motoring and generating modes.
10. Details of Course:
Unit Contents Contact
No. Hours

1. Induction Machines: Classification and constructional features of wound rotor and squirrel 14
cage induction machines, Rotating magnetic field, working principle, concept of slip,
Equivalent circuit, determination of equivalent circuit parameters, derivation of speed
torque characteristics; phasor diagram, Generator action, self-excited induction generators.
Starting Methods of induction motor, Principle of speed control of induction motor, testing
and efficiency
Double-cage and deep-bar squirrel cage rotor induction motor; Space and time harmonics
and their effect on motor performance.
Single-phase induction motor: Single-phase induction motor working, double-revolving
field theory, equivalent circuit, torque-speed characteristic, performance, testing and
efficiency.
2. Synchronous Generator: : Classification and constructional features of cylindrical rotor, 12
and salient pole rotor synchronous machines, Armature reaction, Equivalent circuit, phasor
diagrams, Voltage regulation, OCC and SCC characteristics, effect of variation of field
excitation and prime mover input when synchronized with grid/infinite bus, V-curves and
inverted V-curves of the alternator, Parallel operation of synchronous machines and load
division.. Two-reaction theory for salient pole synchronous machines, phasor diagrams of
salient pole machines, Power-angle equations of the cylindrical and salient pole rotor
synchronous machines.
Synchronous Motor: Starting methods, Effect of variation of field excitation when
connected to grid/infinite bus, power factor control by synchronous motors, synchronous
condensers, stability and hunting in the synchronous machine, Slip Test.
3. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines: Working of PM-synchronous machines 8
(PMSM) and PM-BLDC Machines, Methods of excitation of PMSM & PM-BLDC, Basic
torque, EMF equations and their characteristics.
4. Reluctance Machines: Working of Synchronous Reluctance machines and Switched 8
Reluctance Machines, Methods of excitation, Basic torque, EMF equations and their
characteristics.
Total 42

11. Suggested Books:

S. Name of Authors /Books / Publishers Year of Publication/

No. Reprint
1. Fitzgerald A. E., Kingsley C. and Kusko A., “Electric Machinery”, 6 th Ed., McGraw- 2008
Hill International Book Company.
2. Say M. G., “The Performance and Design of Alternating Current Machines”, CBS 2005
Publishers and Distributors.
3. Nagrath I. J. and Kothari D. P., “Electrical Machines”, 3rd Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill 2004
Publishing Company Limited.
4. Langsdorf A. S., “Theory of AC machines”, 2 nd Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing 2008
Company Limited.
 5. Kimbark E.W., “Power System Stability, Vol. III: Synchronous Machines”, Wiley 2008
India.
6. Chapman S. J., “Electric Machinery Fundamentals”, 4 th Ed., McGraw-Hill 2005
International Book Company.
7. T. Kenjo and S. Nagamori, “Permanent-Magnet and Brush-less DC Motors’, 1985
Clarendon Press, Oxford.
8. T. J. E. Miller, “Brushless Permanent-Magnet and Reluctance Motor Drives,” 1989
Clarendon Press, Oxford
9. R. Krishnan, “Switched Reluctance Motor Drives: Modelling, Simulation, Analysis, 2017
Design and Applications”, 1st Edition, Industrial Electronics Series, CRC Press.
10. Ion Boldea, “Reluctance Synchronous Machines and Drives”, Clarendon Press, 1996
Oxford

Lecture Plan (Tentative)

Topics Scheduled
Lecture(s)
1. Covering the exploded/enlarged view of all types of rotating machines with applications. For L-1
example three phase induction motor application in elevators, lift, Single phase induction
motor application in ceiling fan etc. Differentiating the exploded view of the rotating machine
from stator and rotor point of view. (PPT mode is preferred).
Objective of the first lecture is to create an interest among students to look into different
motor from application point of view.
2. Classification of different types of poly phase induction motor. L-2
3. Discussion on the pole diagram of the machines, synchronous speed and difference between L-3
balanced and unbalanced supply, balanced and unbalanced winding. Mathematical and physical
interpretation of rotating magnetic field called as RMF, and its effect on the induction motor
working.
4. Emphasis on the stator and rotor magnetic field with respect to rotor and stator structure. L-4
Introduction of slip and slip speed.
Introduction to terms like no-load slip, rated slip, maximum slip, standstill condition in an
induction motor.
Discussion on rotor frequency under no-load condition, standstill condition and running condition.
5. Modelling of rotor circuit for standstill and running conditions, Deriving the expressions of rotor L-5
power input from the rotor circuit. Understanding the power flow from stator to rotor and from rotor
to stator of an induction motor. Understanding terms like rotor input power or air gap power, shaft
power, rotor losses and shaft torque.
6. Development of equivalent circuit of an induction motor. Studying different tests on an induction L-6
motor for parameter estimation. Emphasis on no-load test, blocked rotor test and reduced voltage
test on an induction motor.
7. Deriving the full load torque, maximum torque expression of a three phase induction motor from L-7,8
thevenin equivalent, marking of critical test points for plotting of machine torque-slip
characteristics. Understanding the torque slip characteristics from no-load to full load conditions in
the motoring mode under different load torques.
8. Understanding the phasor diagram of a three phase induction motor and comparing with L-9
transformers. Comparing different ac machines on the basis of efficiency and performance. Safe
starting methods of three phase induction motors.
9. Various speed control techniques of three phase induction motor from stator and rotor side. L-10,11
Understanding how an Induction machine works as motor and generator both. Difference between
self-excited and separately excited induction generator.
10. Introduction to high slip induction motor, double cage, deep bar rotor. Discussion on space and L-12
time harmonics and their effects on the performance of induction motor
11. Introduction to double revolving field theory and application to single phase induction motor. L-13,14
Equivalent circuit, No-load and Blocked rotor test on single phased induction motor. Different types
of single phase induction motor.
12. Construction and exploded view of all types of synchronous machines, focus on cylindrical L-15,16
rotor and salient pole rotor with applications (example of three gorges dam of china, 80-pole
structure). Types of three phase distributed winding used in stator of all AC machines. Calculation
of winding factors and their impact on induced EMFs and other state variables.
13. Understanding the Pole diagram for cylindrical rotor alternator with space phasors. Under no- L-17,18
load conditions. Understanding the armature reaction through pole diagram and phasor diagram.
Introduction of the word synchronous reactance. How this is different to other reactances.
Development of equivalent circuit from the phasor diagrams.
14. OCC and S.C test of an alternator. Understanding voltage regulation in an alternator, Short L-19
circuit ratio.
15. Understanding difference between alternator and motor with phasor diagram. Deriving power L-20
equations for an alternator and analysing the famous P-δ Curve of a cylindrical alternator.
Understanding the active and reactive power of a cylindrical alternator. Understanding grid and
synchronization concept, floating condition.
16. Understanding how a synchronous machine after floating condition, how to make a synchronous L-21,22
machine to work as a generator with the help of phasor diagrams. Effect of field excitation and
prime mover input variations on an alternator.(V-curves) How to define standalone alternator.
Difference between grid connected and standalone alternator. Parallel operation of alternators.
17. Introduction to two-reaction theory for salient pole synchronous machines, phasor diagrams of L-23
salient pole machines, Power-angle equations of the cylindrical and salient pole rotor synchronous
machines.
18. Synchronous Motor phasor diagrams and understanding the difference between alternator and L-24,25
motor, Effect of field excitation and prime mover input variations on synchronous motor.(V-
curves).
19. Understanding Slip Test, Power factor control by synchronous motors, synchronous condensers, L-26
stability and hunting in the synchronous machine.
20. Introduction to PM materials, Constructional difference between PM-synchronous machines L-27,28
(PMSM) and PM-BLDC Machines, with exploded views.
21. Methods of excitation of PMSM, Basic torque, EMF equations and their characteristics. L-29,30
Applications of these machines.
22. Methods of excitation of PM-BLDC, Basic torque, EMF equations and their characteristics. L-31,32
Applications of these machines.
23. Difference between SyRM and Induction Motor, Working of Synchronous Reluctance L-33,34
machines, Methods of excitation.
24. Synchronous Reluctance Motor : Basic torque, EMF equations and their characteristics L-35,36
25. Working of Switched Reluctance Machines, Methods of excitation. L-37,38
26. Switched Reluctance Motor: Basic torque, EMF equations and their characteristics L-39,40
27. Difference between all types of brushless machines with applications L-41,42
For numerical understanding for each type of machines : 02 hrs minimum for SyR motor,
PMSM,PM-BLDC,SRM machines 6 hrs each for induction and conventional synchronous
machines