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C Language Theory Exam Preparation Complete

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15 views4 pages

C Language Theory Exam Preparation Complete

Uploaded by

mrhit7
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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C Language Theory Exam Preparation Guide

Focus: Topics up to Arrays and Pointers


Book Reference: ANSI C

1. Introduction to C Language
Definition: C is a middle-level programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell
Labs in the 1970s. It combines the features of both high-level and low-level languages.

Key Points:

- Structured programming language.


- Supports modular programming.
- Efficient and fast execution.
- Portable and widely used.

True/False:

1. C was developed by James Gosling. (False)


2. C is a case-sensitive language. (True)

Question-Answers:

Q1: Who developed the C language?


A: Dennis Ritchie.
Q2: Why is C called a middle-level language?
A: Because it combines the features of both high-level and low-level languages.

2. Data Types and Variables


Definition: Data types define the type of data a variable can store, such as integers,
characters, or floating-point numbers.

Key Points:

- Basic types: int, float, char, double.


- Derived types: Array, Pointer, Structure.
- Modifiers: signed, unsigned, long, short.

True/False:

1. "char" is used to store integer values. (False)


2. "float" is used to store decimal numbers. (True)

Question-Answers:
Q1: What are the basic data types in C?
A: int, float, char, double.
Q2: What is the size of an integer data type?
A: Typically 4 bytes, but it may vary by system.

3. Operators and Expressions


Definition: Operators are symbols that perform operations on variables and values.

Key Points:

- Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, %.
- Relational Operators: >, <, ==, !=.
- Logical Operators: &&, ||, !

True/False:

1. "=" is used for comparison. (False)


2. "&&" is a logical AND operator. (True)

Question-Answers:

Q1: What is the difference between "=" and "==".


A: "=" is an assignment operator, while "==" is a comparison operator.
Q2: Write an example of a ternary operator.
A: result = (a > b) ? a : b;

4. Control Statements
Definition: Control statements determine the flow of program execution based on
conditions or loops.

Key Points:

- Conditional: if, if-else, switch.


- Loops: for, while, do-while.
- Jump: break, continue, goto.

True/False:

1. The "for" loop is an entry-controlled loop. (True)


2. "goto" is used to exit a loop. (False)

Question-Answers:

Q1: What is the difference between "while" and "do-while" loops?


A: "while" checks the condition before execution, while "do-while" checks after execution.
Q2: Write a program to print numbers from 1 to 10 using a for loop.
A: Refer to example programs.
5. Functions
Definition: A function is a self-contained block of code designed to perform a specific task.

Key Points:

- Function Declaration and Definition.


- Call by Value and Call by Reference.
- Recursive Functions.

True/False:

1. Functions must return a value. (False)


2. Recursion is when a function calls itself. (True)

Question-Answers:

Q1: Explain Call by Value.


A: Call by Value passes a copy of the variable to the function.
Q2: Write a factorial program using recursion.
A: Refer to example programs.

6. Arrays and Strings


Definition: An array is a collection of similar data types stored in contiguous memory
locations.

Key Points:

- One-Dimensional Arrays: Used to store a list of elements.


- Two-Dimensional Arrays: Used to represent matrices.
- Strings: Array of characters ending with a null character (`\0`).

True/False:

1. Arrays can store multiple data types. (False)


2. Strings are terminated by a null character. (True)

Question-Answers:

Q1: What is an array?


A: An array is a collection of similar data types stored in contiguous memory locations.
Q2: Write a program to find the largest element in an array.
A: Refer to example programs.

7. Pointers
Definition: A pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable.

Key Points:
- Declaration: `int *ptr;`
- Initialization: `ptr = &variable;`
- Pointer Arithmetic: Increment, Decrement.
- Pointers with Arrays and Strings.
- Dynamic Memory Allocation: malloc(), calloc(), realloc(), free().

True/False:

1. A pointer stores the value of a variable. (False)


2. `malloc` is used for dynamic memory allocation. (True)

Question-Answers:

Q1: What is a pointer?


A: A pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable.
Q2: Write a program to swap two numbers using pointers.
A: Refer to example programs.

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