Furniture Making

Level - I

Learning Guide -4
Unit of Competence: - Read and Interpret Working Drawings
and Sketches
Module Title: Reading and Interpreting Working
Drawings and Sketches

LG Code: IND-FMK1 M04 LO1-LG-11

TTLM Code: IND-FMK1 M04-TTLM 0919v1

LO1. Interpret technical drawing

 Instruction Sheet Learning Guide #11

This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
• Drawing Tools & equipment
• Drawing materials as consumable
• Dimensioning techniques
• Calculate Tolerance, limits & fits

This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to:

• Identify purpose and advantage of different types of drawing tools

• Identify, understand and apply common use symbols and abbreviations on
drawings
• Identify the basic drawing tools

Learning Instructions:

1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.

2. Follow the instructions described below 3 to 5.
3. Read the information written in the information “Sheet 1, Sheet 2, Sheet 3 and Sheet 4”. Try to
understand what are being discussed. Ask you teacher for assistance if you have hard time
understanding them.
4. Accomplish the “Self-check 1, Self-check t 2, Self-check 3 and Self-check 4” in page __, __,
__ and ____ respectively.
5. Ask from your teacher the key to correction (key answers) or you can request your teacher to
correct your work. (You are to get the key answer only after you finished answering the Self-
check
6. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation from the “Self-check” proceed to “Information Sheet 2”
in page _____. However, if your rating is unsatisfactory, see your teacher for further instructions
or go back to Learning Activity #1.
7. Submit your accomplished Self-check. This will form part of your training portfolio.
 Information Sheet-1 Drawing Tools & equipment

1. Introduction

Drawing is used by engineering technical and skill craft mane whether this drawing is made by:-

1.1 Types and Use of drawing materials

Tee -Squares are use to draw horizontal lines. They are especially useful when constructing
accurate orthographic drawings or architectural drawings. A T-Square is normally used with a
drawing board, set squares and clips.

Set Squares are used to draw accurate angles. The most common are 45 and 60/30 degrees.
When using set squares they should always used along with a T-Square.

A compass is an absolute essential piece of equipment. It includes at least two compasses

allowing the drawing of small circles arcs and large circles arcs

Dividers are similar to the compass. The dividers, as the name implies, are used for dividing
distances into a number of equal parts. They are also used for transferring distance or for setting
off a series of equal distance.
Engineering Scales are used only for measuring different scales.. It is important that drafters
draw accurately to scale.

Scale also is calcified into three methods

Full scale (1; 1) when the object is similar than the size of drawing an object.
Enlarged scale (5; 1, 100; 1) when the object is smallest than the size of drawing an object.
Reduced scale (1:20, 1:250 1; 500) when the object is larger than the size of drawing an object.
A protractor is used to measure angles. A typical protractor is a semi-circular piece of plastic
With 180 degrees printed around its curve. This piece of equipment is not only used in graphics
for constructing accurate drawings but is also used in subjects like Mathematics.

French curve Used to lay out any noncircular curve and ellipse

A ruler should only to use to measure distances with lines being drawn with T-Squares and Set
Squares.

• Erasers used to remove unnecessary line (dirt ) on surface drawing .

• Eraser shield - A metal plate with various slots and openings used to protect line work when
a portion of a drawing is to be erased,

• brush - Used to brush loose graphite and eraser dust from a drawing,

A template is a thin & flat piece of plastic containing various cutout shapes. It is designed to
increase the speed & accuracy of the drafter. Templates are available for drawing geometric
shapes, electrical drafting, architectural drafting, screw head & so on. A template should be used
whenever possible to increase the accuracy & the speed.

• Drafting tape( scotch ) - A specially-prepared tape used to adhere drawing media to the
working surface

• Lettering guide - Used to lay out guidelines for lettering

  Triangle - A thin, flat, right-angled piece of plastic or metal with acute angles of 45°, or
30° and 60° used for drawing vertical or inclined lines that are multiples of 15°

 Papers: Each smaller size has an area half of the preceding size, and the length to width
ratio remains constant. (A0, A1, A2, A3, A4).
Types of drawing papers: - There are two classes of papers.
A. Detail paper: It is primarily for pencil work that is not used in reproduction processes that
require a degree of transparency of the paper.
B. Translucent paper also known as tracing paper: which is designed so that it can be used in
common reproduction process.
It can be used for both pencil and ink work. Only limited erasing may be done on it before damage
occurs to the paper’s surface. Lead lines erase well, but inked lines do not.
The most common A-series sheet sizes are:-

A-Size Dimensions in “mm”

A0 841x1189
A1 594x841
A2 420x594
A3 297x420
A4 210x297
PAPER LAY OUT
• The layout of the paper for drawing purpose is very necessary
• The layout shows the areas to be covered through our paper
• It shows the drawing area, border line, page border and the title block

TITLE BLOCK
•Information center for our drawing
•It is composed of
• Drawers name
• Checkers name
• Date that the drawing prepared
• Scale of the drawing
• Type of projection
• Company
• Title of the drawing
• Drawing number
• And other needed information required by the company
•
DRAWING PENCILS
• selection of good and well sharpened pencil is important
• pencils of various degrees of pencils are available

Grades of pencil

Pencil grades Strength Application

9H, 8H, 7H, 6H Hard Light constructions
5H, 4H Medium hard Dimensioning, center lines,
invisible object lines
3H, 2H Medium Visible object lines
H, F Medium soft Lettering and free hand sketching
HB, B Soft
2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B ,7B 8B, Softness increases in
9B the given order
 Basic Drawing Equipment

Drafting Table

Drawing Board

Drafting Table
 Parallel Bar Drafting Machine

L-Square
T-Square

V-Track Drafter

Elbow Drafting Machine

Alphabets of lines

• Each line on a drawing has a special meaning. In order to help make and read
Drawings, standard line symbols were developed.
There are two thicknesses of lines: thick and thin.
The thick lines: are used for visible, cutting-plane, and short break lines.
The thin lines: are used for long break, hidden, center, section, extension, and dimension.
• Definition of line
- Line is the most basic design 'tool'.
- A line has length, width, tone, and texture.

There are several types of lines used in drawing or graphical presentations, and each line has a
meaning. To be able to interpret a print or drawing, the reader should have knowledge of these
lines. The table below identifies the description of each line, also note that each line deals with
either the shape of the object or its dimension.
 TYPE OF LINE DESCRIPTION PURPOSE REPRESENTATION

To show the visible

OBJECT LINE Thick bold line sides/shape of the
object

To show the
Broken line of medium
HIDDEN LINE thickness
edges/outline not
visible to the eye

To show center of
A broken line made of
circles, arcs, and
a series of short and
CENTER LINE long dashes alternately
symmetrical objects
and to aid in
spaced
dimensioning this part

Lines that extend from

To show dimensioning OBJECT
EXTENSION LINE the object with a slight
points
break in between

OBJECT
Lines with arrow Touch the extension
heads, unbroken except lines and shows the
DIMENSION LINE where dimension is distance given by
placed dimensions OBJECT

2.0

A fine straight line with

an arrow head or round
Points directly to the
LEADER LINE solid dot at one end. It is
object for the purpose
usually drawn at an
angle.
 A A

To indicate where an
imaginary cut is made
The preferred cutting
through the object. The
plane line is heavy,
arrow points in the
broken line made up of
direction in which the
series of one long and
section should be
two short dashes
viewed. Letters next to
alternately spaced.
CUTTING PLANE the arrow heads identify
Arrow heads are placed
LINE the section in cases
at right angles to the
where more than one
cutting plane line.
section is shown on the B B
Alternate cutting plane
drawing. These lines are
lines are solid heavy line
oriented vertically,
or a series of long
horizontally or at an
dashes.
actual angle at which the
part is shown
C C

Series of fine lines,

solid, solid and broken, STEEL CAST IRON,
MALLEABLE IRON,
arranged in specific To indicate the GENERAL USE FOR
patterns. They may be imaginary cut surface ALL MATERIALS

shown either straight or referred to by the cutting

SECTION LINES curved. When shown plane line.
straight they are usually COPPER,
drawn at 45° angle, To represent various BRASS,
BRONZE, AND ZINC, LEAD, WHITE
however this angle will kinds of materials. COMPOSITION METAL, BABBITT
vary when applied to AND ALLOYS

adjacent part.
MAGNESIUM,
ALUMINUM, and its
ALLOYS

Heavy broken line

To indicate line
made up of series of
CHAIN LINE long and short dashes
location and extent of
a surface area.
alternately spaced
 To show a short break
SHORT BREAK Heavy irregular line (to conserve space on
LINE drawn free hand a drawing) to show a
partial portion

To show a long break

LONG BREAK Ruled light line with
(to conserve space on
LINE freehand zigzags
a drawing)

To show alternate
Light broken line position of a part, to
made up of a series of show relationship of
PHANTOM LINE long and two short existing part to new
dashes part, and to show
machine surfaces.

Self-Check -1 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in the next
page:

1. What is drawing?
2. List out at list five Types and Use of drawing Instruments and materials?
3. list and explain types of lines?

Score = ___________
Rating: ____________

Note: Satisfactory rating - Unsatisfactory - below

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Short Answer Questions
 Information Sheet- 2 Drawing materials as consumable

2. INTRODUCTION

Drawing materials these are consumable items used for technical drawing. They are
consumable because they cannot be reused after use.
Drawing graphite pencils: a graphite pencil usually consists of a long, thin cylinder of
graphite enclosed in a hexagonal wooden sleeve the standard pencil.
Art supplies or materials can be broken down into two categories: consumable and non-
consumable art supplies are things like scissors, paper punches, stapler etc.
Consumable art supplies or materials are items such as crayons, marekers, and pencil.
Manual drafting and drawing consumables and stationary including:
• technical pens
• ink
• mechanical and clutch pencils
• leads
• Erasers, etc.

Drawing Pencils are a basic requirement of any graphics course. This refers to the hardness of
the pencil lead & sharp edge for longer and produces very fine lines.
Erasers used to remove unnecessary line (dirt) on surface drawing.
Drafting tape (scotch) - A specially-prepared tape used to adhere drawing media to the
working surface
Papers: Each smaller size has an area half of the preceding size, and the length to width ratio
remains constant.
 Self-Check -2 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in the next
page:

1. List and explain manual drafting and drawing consumables materials?

2. What are the different b/n drawing consumables and non- consumables materials?
3. Define drawing graphite pencils?

Score = ___________
Rating: ____________

Note: Satisfactory rating - Unsatisfactory - below

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Short Answer Questions
 Information Sheet-3 Dimensioning techniques

3. Introduction

Dimensioning
• Dimensions are used to describe the sizes and relationships between features in your
drawing.
Dimensions are used to manufacture parts and to inspect the resulting parts to determine if they
meet the drawing’s specifications.

Dimensioning
The purpose of dimensioning is to provide a clear and complete description of an object. a
complete set of dimension will permit only one interpretation needed to construct the part.
Dimensioning should follow these guidelines.
1. Accuracy:-correct values must be given
2. Clearness:-dimension must be placed in appropriate positions.
3. Completeness:-nothing must be left out, and nothing duplicated.
4. Readability:-the appropriate line quality must be used for legibility.

Arrowheads (Dimension Line Terminator)

Dimensioning Methods
• Dimensions are represented on a drawing using one of two systems, unidirectional or
aligned.
• The unidirectional method means all dimensions are read in the same direction.
• The aligned method means the dimensions are read in alignment with the dimension lines or
side of the part, some read horizontally and others read vertically.

Types of Dimensions
• There are two classifications of dimensions: size and location.
Size Dimensions are dimensions which indicate the overall size of the object and the various
features which make up the object.
Location dimensions are used to locate various features of an object from some specified datum
or surface.

Dimensioning Rules
• Each dimension should be written clearly with only one way to be interpreted.
 • A feature should be dimensioned only once.
• Dimension and extension lines should not cross.
• Each feature should be dimensioned.
• Dimension features or surfaces should be done to a logical reference point.
• Dimension circles should have diameters and arcs with a radius.
• A center line should be extended and used as an extension line.
• Dimension features on a view should clearly show its true shape.
• Enough space should be provided to avoid crowding and misinterpretation.
• Extension lines and object lines should not overlap.
• Dimensions should be placed outside the part.
Center lines or marks should be used on all circles and holes.

Obtaining dimension correctly

The dimension of the object is obtained correctly using appropriate measuring techniques or
instrument some of the instrument that can be used are:-
• architect's scale
• pencil
• drawing board
• T-square
• 45 degree set square
• 30 degree by 60 degree set square
• tracing vellum
Arrangement of dimensioning
• The accuracy of the final product is determined by the dimensions on the drawing. If all the
dimensions originate from a common corner of the part, the object will be more accurate.
This is referred to as
Datum Dimensioning (parallel dimensioning).
• Datum’s insure the tolerance or errors in manufacturing do not accumulate.
 Self-Check -3 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in the next
page:

1. Explain Dimensioning Methods?

2. List and explain types of Dimensions?

Score = ___________
Rating: ____________

Note: Satisfactory rating – 3 and 4 points Unsatisfactory - below 3 and 4 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Short Answer Questions
 Information Sheet-4 Calculate Tolerance, limits & fits

4. Calculate tolerance, limits and fits

Tolerances all dimensions should have an associated tolerance. A general tolerance note
should be included in the title block with exceptions included with the dimension.

Applying basic mathematical processes

Trades occupations require all or most of the math foundations listed below.

Math Foundation Skills Workplace Examples

 Order supplies.
Read, write, count, round off,  Take stock inventory.
Whole numbers
add, subtract, multiply and divide  Count parts.
e.g.: 3, 14
whole numbers.  Read serial numbers.

 Read temperatures.
 Use survey tools.
Integers Read, write, add, subtract,  Set up computer numerical control
e.g.: -5, 0, 11 multiply and divide integers. programs.
 Measure air pressure.

Read, write, round off, add,  Take and record imperial

Fractions subtract, multiply or divide measurements.
e.g.: 1/8", 1/4" fractions.  Determine tool or material sizes.
 Calculate quantities.
Multiply or divide by a fraction.

Read, write, round off, add or  Handle money.

Decimals subtract, multiply or divide  Take and record metric measurements.
e.g.: 8.50, 0.00375 decimals.  Measure tolerances.
 Select tool sizes.
Multiply or divide by a decimal.

Read and write percentages.  Calculate tax.

Percentages
 Read and write tolerances.
e.g.: 10%, 42%
Calculate the percentage one  Adjust machine loads.
 number is of another.  Describe in terms of a proportion of
maximum capacity or an amount of
Calculate a percentage of a progress towards completion.
number.

 Convert decimal readings on gauges to

Equivalent percent of output.
numbers Convert between fractions,  Convert decimals to fractions to select
e.g.: 1/2 = 0.5 = decimals and percentages. the correct part or size of tool.
50%  Convert quantities of ingredients to
decimals to calculate cost.

 Calculate power and current in three-

Other real phase motors.
Use square roots, powers,  Use square roots to calculate
numbers
scientific notation and significant
e.g.: v36, 92, 2.2 x dimensions for a staircase.
digits.  Use powers to express the volume of
103, p
tanks.

Solve problems using equations  Determine where to place holes.

with one unknown quantity.  Calculate the correct angles for rigging
Equations and loads.
formulas Use formulas by inserting  Set food prices.
quantities.  Use Ohm's law to check motor
voltage.
Solve quadratic equations.

 Adjust tire pressure.

Use a rate comparing two
 Mix gasoline additives.
quantities with different units.
 Adjust ingredients in a recipe to make
Rates, ratios and Use a ratio comparing two more servings.
proportions  Calculate speed and feed rates of a
quantities with the same units.
machine.
 Read a scale drawing.
Use a proportion comparing two
 Calculate airflow rates.
ratios or rates.

 Convert units to select wrench sizes.

Convert between imperial and  Cut lengths of wire.
Measurement metric (SI) measurements.  Mix colorings agents.
conversions  Meet product specifications.
Convert to another unit within a  Calculate airflow.
measurement system.  Use scale drawings.
  Calculate the area or perimeter of a
work surface to be painted, sodded or
caulked.
Areas, perimeters Calculate areas, perimeters and  Calculate the volume of gasoline
and volumes volumes. additives or concrete required.
 Calculate the capacity of a storage
tank.

 Find the centre of a room to install

fixtures.
Apply geometric concepts such  Cut hair using angles.
Geometry as parallelism, perpendicularity  Cut slopes to fabricate ramps.
and tangents.  Use angles to lay out patterns for
materials.

 Calculate angles for a circular

staircase.
Use trigonometry to determine  Place holes on a part.
Trigonometry the size of an unknown side or  Make bolt patterns for drilling or
angle of a triangle. machine installation.
 Find offsets.

Calculate averages for:

Calculate averages and rates  fuel or power consumption;

Summary  tool lifespan;
other than percentages,
calculations  speed and feed rates;
proportions or ratios.
 material production; and
 time needed to perform tasks.

 Estimate how much of something

clients use.
 Predict sales trends.
Statistics and Use statistics and probability to  Determine the probability of
probability draw conclusions. equipment and parts failure.
 Describe the progress of fabrication
and installation tasks.
 Self-Check -4 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in the next
page:

1. What is the purpose of Tolerance, limits & fits?

Score = ___________
Rating: ____________

Note: Satisfactory rating – Unsatisfactory -

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Short Answer Questions
OPERATION SHEET #1 Adjusting drawing tools &equipment

Purpose: - How To operate An Adjustable Triangle

Equipment, Tools and Materials

Adjustable triangle, Parallel bar/Drawing Board, Activity Paper, Pencil, Eraser

Procedure

 Set required angle on triangle by loosening adjusting knob and setting the scale.
 Read numbers on lower half of scale if required angle is greater than 45°. The angle
will be the actual angle made by the triangle.
 Read numbers on upper half of scale if required angle is less than 45°. The angle will
be complementary to the angle.

OPERATION SHEET #1.1 Draw Horizontal and Vertical Lines with Triangle and Drafting
Machine

Purpose: - Drawing horizontal &vertical line

Equipment, Tools and Materials

Drafting machine/Drawing Table, Standard triangles, two sheets of drafting media, Pencil,
Eraser

Procedure

1. Set the drafting machine at the “0” mark with parallel scale approximately horizontal to
the drawing surface.
2. Align the bottom edge of the drawing media with the parallel scale.
3. Tape the drawing in place.
4. Draw horizontal lines using the parallel scale as a guide.
 Furniture Making
Level - I

Learning Guide -4
Unit of Competence: - Read and Interpret Working Drawings and
Sketches

Module Title: Reading and Interpreting Working Drawings

and Sketches

LG Code: IND-FMK1 M04 LO2-LG-12

TTLM Code: IND-FMK1 M04-TTLM 0919v1

LO2. Reading and interpret job specifications

 Instruction Sheet Learning Guide #12

This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:

• formal Job specifications of key features

• drawing Signs and symbols
• identify Material attributes

This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to:

• Identify job specifications, notes and descriptions from drawings,

• Identify standards of work & tolerances from project specifications.

Learning Instructions:

1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.

2. Follow the instructions described below 3 to 5.
3. Read the information written in the information “Sheet 1, Sheet 2, and Sheet 3”. Try to
understand what are being discussed. Ask you teacher for assistance if you have hard time
understanding them.
4. Accomplish the “Self-check 1, Self-check t 2, Self-check 3” in page __, __, __ and ____
respectively.
5. Ask from your teacher the key to correction (key answers) or you can request your teacher to
correct your work. (You are to get the key answer only after you finished answering the Self-
check
6. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation from the “Self-check” proceed to “Information Sheet 2”
in page _____. However, if your rating is unsatisfactory, see your teacher for further instructions
or go back to Learning Activity #1.
7. Submit your accomplished Self-check. This will form part of your training portfolio.
 Information Sheet-1 formal Job specifications of key features

1 setting up paper on a drawing

Drawing paper must be set up on a drawing board using a T-square. Once in position, the paper is
clipped to the board with board clips or even masking tape.
1. The T-square must be placed up against the edge of the drawing board. There must be no gaps
otherwise the paper will not be set up correctly and drawing accurate horizontal and vertical lines
will be impossible.
2. The paper is then allowed to rest on the T-square. Check that the paper rests properly on the T-square
and that there are no gaps between the T-square and the paper OR the T-square and the side of the
drawing board.
The masking tape can then be positioned holding the paper securely to the board.
3. A 2H pencil can then be used to draw faint horizontal lines across the page. Try to keep the lines to
the same size by measuring them with a ruler.
Each time you draw a line check that the T-square is pressed completely against the edge of the
board. There should be no gaps.
4. To draw vertical lines a T-square and set square are used together.
Be careful to check that there no gaps between the T-square and the board AND the set square and
the T-square. Do not draw vertical lines with a set square only as they will not be accurate.
Great care should also be taken to ensure that the paper does not move. This can happen if a hand or
arm rubs too strongly against the paper. Check that the paper has not moved by placing the T-square
at the bottom edge of the paper. Then check that the paper rests level against the T-square and that
the paper is not at an angle. Ensure that the T-square is also firmly against the edge of the board

2. Drawing bored and title

A border is a line drawn around the inside edge of the paper. Usually this is 10mm from the edge of
the paper. It is basically a rectangle drawn precisely and inside this rectangle is the design area.
A title block is normally drawn at the bottom of the paper. Inside the title block is printed important
information such as Name, Title and Date. The measurements for the title block can be seen below
(these can vary depending on the type of title block being used). All the lines are dark with the
exception of the guidelines between which the printing is positioned.
Below is a design sheet. The border line and title block ensures that the design sheet looks more
professional and includes vital information such as the designers name, the title of the sheet and the
date.
The next time you need to draw designs / ideas, draw a title and border line first. Also add notes by
printing in block capital between faint guidelines.
 Model design sheet drawing paper

The following ideas are the important objectives student should strive to attain.

1. Accuracy-no drawing is maximum usefulness .If it is not accurate.

2. Speed - Time is money in industry & there is no demand for a slow drafter, engineer.
3. Legibility-it must be clear &legible in order to serve its purpose well.
4. Neatness: - if drawing is to be accurate& legible. It must also be clean
 Self-Check -1 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in the next
page:

1. Define drawing border?

2. What is the purpose of drawing board?
3. Explain Legibility?
4. What is Neatness?

Score = ___________
Rating: ____________

Note: Satisfactory – Unsatisfactory -

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Short Answer Questions
 Information Sheet-2 drawing Signs and symbols

2.1 Interpreting signs and symbols

Standardized abbreviations and symbols for the various trades have been developed by numerous
professional Organizations. These standard abbreviations and symbols are generally used by
architects and engineers; however, Architects and engineers sometimes create their own symbols
and abbreviations to represent materials and Equipment on drawings. If symbol and
abbreviations are not standard, they are usually noted on the drawing.

2.1.1 Types of Symbols

The types of symbols used include those used in elevation views and those in sectional views.
Elevation symbols are easily recognized, as they look very much like the actual material or
object. An elevation view is a vertical picture of an object showing the front, side, or rear view of
an object, room, or structure as one would view it while facing it. Without the use of symbols,
architects cannot show. all necessary information regarding materials, methods, and location of
components. The materials shown in an elevation view appear differently in a sectional view. A
sectional view shows the object as if it were sliced vertically, showing of what the object would
be composed. For example, a sectional view of a masonry wall would show the thickness of the
joints and the units, how the wall ties are installed, and, many times, the exact height of the wall.
The mason should be familiar with some of the more common symbols for the mechanical
trades, as they may affect the work when building in or around certain equipment.
Dimensioning Symbols
 Self-Check -2 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in the next
page:

1. What is a symbol?
2. Describe Elevation symbols?

Score = ___________
Rating: ____________

Note: Satisfactory – Unsatisfactory -

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Short Answer Questions
 Information Sheet-3 identify Material attributes

3. Introduction

Drawing is the art or techniques of producing images on a surface, usually paper, by means of
investigations, drawings form the materials basis of mural, panel, and book painting.
There are different types of drawing materials and tools for beginners.
• Quality drawing pencils.
• A sketchbook.
• Quality drawing surface.
• Variety of erasers.
• A good pencil sharpener.
• A felt tip pen etc.

Quality drawing pencils

• selection of good and well sharpened pencil is important
• pencils of various degrees of pencils are available

Self-Check -3 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in the next
page:

1. List out types of drawing materials?

2. Describe characteristics of quality drawing pencil?

Score = ___________
Rating: ____________

Note: Satisfactory – Unsatisfactory -

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Short Answer Questions
 Read and interpret working drawing
OPERATION SHEET # 2

Purpose: read and interpret job specifications is known to be one of the basic languages of
technology, namely math, science and drawing. Through this application a technology task can
be performed correctly. Examples of it is the schematic diagram of a circuit for electronics
technician & electrician, detailed plan of an object for carpenters and machinist, technical and
furniture plans for carpenters and construction workers.e.tc.
Equipment, Tools and Materials:

Paper, pencils, erasers, drawing board-square irregular, curves scales

Protractor, compass& triangle

Procedure:
• how to Read and interpret job specifications
 Furniture Making
Level - I

Learning Guide -4
Unit of Competence: - Read and Interpret Working Drawings and
Sketches

Module Title: Reading and Interpreting Working

Drawings and Sketches

LG Code: IND-FMK1 M04 LO3-LG-13

TTLM Code: IND-FMK1 M04-TTLM 0919v1

LO3:-Interpreting details from freehand sketch

 Instruction Sheet Learning Guide #13

This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
• Recognize Components, assemblies or objects
• Identify specifications, notes and descriptions
• Identify material requirements
• Identify instruction& working orders

This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to:

• Assemble and recognize required components.

• identified Instructions followed as required
• Identify material requirements according to job specifications

Learning Instructions:

1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.

2. Follow the instructions described below 3 to 5.
3. Read the information written in the information “Sheet 1, Sheet 2, Sheet 3 and Sheet 4”. Try to
understand what are being discussed. Ask you teacher for assistance if you have hard time
understanding them.
4. Accomplish the “Self-check 1, Self-check t 2, Self-check 3 and Self-check 4” in page __, __,
__ and ____ respectively.
5. Ask from your teacher the key to correction (key answers) or you can request your teacher to
correct your work. (You are to get the key answer only after you finished answering the Self-
check
6. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation from the “Self-check” proceed to “Information Sheet 2”
in page _____. However, if your rating is unsatisfactory, see your teacher for further instructions
or go back to Learning Activity #1.
7. Submit your accomplished Self-check. This will form part of your training portfolio.
 Information Sheet-1 Recognize Components, assemblies or objects

1. Introduction
Free hand sketching: is done by sketching the line without instrument, only paper and pencil
it is very important to sketching fast & primary design
Freehand sketching is a documenting process of the optical image, and it helps the architects
to gain understanding, insight and inspiration to express their observation, thoughts and
feelings.

1.1. Recognize Components, assemblies or objects

Where appropriate the relationship between the views contained in the sketches should be
identified this will allow
• the number of objects represented in the sketch to be identified
• the object represented in the sketch is correctly identified

Pictorial drawing
• Pictorial sketches are a type of technical illustration that shows several faces of an object at
once. Such sketches are used by any industry that designs, sells, manufactures repairs,
installs or maintains a product.
the different types of pictorial drawing usually illustrate the relationship between the views of the
object.

• Isometric
• Oblique
• Perspective

1. Isometric Projections

An isometric view of an object is created by rotating it 30 degrees about a vertical axis, and then
tilted forward until the body diagonal of the cube (A-B) appears as a point in the front view. The
angle the cube is titled forward is 35 degrees 16 minutes.

The three corners meet to form equal angles of 120 degrees and is called the isometric axis. All
the edges of the cube are parallel to the edges that make up the isometric axis since projections of
parallel lines are parallel
 2. Oblique projections
• The easiest pictorial sketches to produce.
• Show the front view as if you were looking straight at it.
• Sides extend back from the front view.
• Sides shown with parallel lines that are generally drawn at 45 degrees to the front view.

3. Perspective projections
• Show how the human eye and camera would see it.
• Realism is obtained by having parallel lines meet at a distance vantage point.
• Most realistic, yet, most difficult of the three sketches.

Types Of Perspective
Three major types: one-point, two-point, and three-point.
• One-point perspective shows an object as if you were directly in front of it.
• Two-point perspective shows how an object would appear if you stood at one corner.
• Three-point perspective shows how the eye sees the length, width and height of an
object.
Isometric Sketching (ASSEMBLING THE PARTS)

Sometimes there are given parts of an object using the orthographic illustration, your concern
will be identifying the perspective figure to complete a task. An example figure below is given to
find the perspective.

TOP

FRONT SIDE

Steps in assembling the parts:

Step 1: Follow the procedures of Isometric drawing. Create first the 30º angles used in creating
isometric figures.

90º
30º 30º
Step 2: Illustrate or draw the FRONT view first, following the given measurements. Project the
side view after completing the front view.

Step 3: Illustrate or draw the SIDE view according to the details or measurements given.

Step 4: Project the remaining lines that will complete the top view. After completing the figure,
erase all unnecessary lines or the projection lines.
A. Identify the 3 principal views of the object below. (TOP, FRONT and right SIDE view).
All measurements are in centimeters.

3.0
6.0
3.0

1.5
3.0
A. Identify the 3 principal views of the object below. (TOP, FRONT and right SIDE view). All
measurements are in centimeters.

2.0TOP2.0

3.0

3.0
4.0 1.5

FRONT SIDE

Self-Check -1 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in the next
page:

1. Define Free hand sketching?

2. Write at least two types of Pictorial drawing?
3. List and describe the Types of Perspective?

Score = ___________
Rating: ____________

Note: Satisfactory rating – 3 points Unsatisfactory - below 3 and 4 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Short Answer Question

Information Sheet-2 Identify specifications, notes and descriptions

2. Introduction

specifications is a written document describing in detail the scope of work, materials to be used,
method of installation and quality of workmanship for a parcel of work to be placed under
contract.
Specifications describe the materials and workmanship required for a development. They do not
include cost, quantity or draw information, and so need to be read alongside other information
such as quantities, schedules and drawings.
These technical drawing and specifications vary depending upon for whom they are intended.
The manufacturing engineer will want orthographic detail and assembly drawing.
Designer use technical drawing and specifications prepared by draughts persons to convey their
ideas and intentions to such people as manufacturing engineer, maintenance or service engineer,
sales engineer, and customers.

Specifications are identified from drawings, notes and descriptions (hand side) of the drawing
sheet.

Self-Check -2 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in the next
page:

1. What are specifications?

Score = ___________
Rating: ___________

Note: Satisfactory – Unsatisfactory -

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Short Answer Questions
 Information Sheet-3 Identify material requirements

3. Introduction
Material requirement planning (MRP):- is a computer-based production planning and inventory
control system.
First off to produce production drawings manually you will need access to specific work area
where drawing can be done. Sometimes this can be a work area which has been set up especially
foe drawing.
Where appropriate, the materials, the materials from which the object should be made and can be
identified from sketch.
This will allow the engineer to:-
• make accurate decisions
• follow instruction carefully
• complete the task in reasonable time
Material quantity requirements are calculated in accordance with plans, specifications and
quality requirements. Materials appropriate to the work application are identified, obtained,
prepared, safely handled and located ready for use.

Identifying and applying necessary quality requirements include:

Attention to specifications of work
Control of handling procedures
Relevant regulations, including:
• Australian standards
• internal company quality policy and standards
• manufacturer specifications where specified
• workplace operations and procedures
 Self-Check -3 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in the next
page:

1. Define material requirement planning?

2. Write at least four include in identifying quality requirements?

Score = ___________
Rating: ____________

Note: Satisfactory – Unsatisfactory -

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Short Answer Questions
 Information Sheet-4 Identify instruction& working orders

4. Introduction

All instructions contained in sketches should be identified the actions to be undertaken in

response to those instruction should also be given. This will guide the engineer in this task of
accurately completing the sketches.

Title Blocks
Location and Contents
A title block should be included on all sheets in the lower right corner. At a minimum a title
block should include sub-blocks for:
1. Drawing title (should be descriptive and unique)
2. Drawing number
3. Revision letter
4. Department and University names
5. Names of following people (first and last name)
• Drawer
• Drawing checker
• Engineering approver
• Manufacturing approver
• Quality assurance checker
6. Dates associated with all names (in format Year Month Day)
7. Predominant scale of drawing.
8. Drawing size letter designation.
9. Units used for dimensions and general tolerance note
10. Material (insert N/A on assembly and subassembly drawings)
11. Finish (insert N/A on assembly and subassembly drawings)
12. Third angle projection symbol
13. Sheet number and total number of sheets. All sub-blocks should include the indicated
information except perhaps the drawing checker, engineering approver, manufacturing approver,
and quality assurance checker boxes and associated date boxes.
 Self-Check -4 Written Test

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in the next
page:

1. Define title block?

2. Write at least four include in title block?

Score = ___________
Rating: ____________

Note: Satisfactory – Unsatisfactory -

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Short Answer Questions
 Interpret details from freehand sketch
OPERATION SHEET #3

Purpose: Interpret details from freehand sketches known to be one of the basic languages of
technology, namely math, science and drawing. Through this application a technology task can
be performed correctly. Examples of it is the schematic diagram of a circuit for electronics
technician & electrician, detailed plan of an object for carpenters and machinist, technical and
furniture plans for carpenters and construction workers.e.tc.
Equipment, Tools and Materials:
Paper pencils, erasers, drawing board, T-square, Irregular curves scales, protractor,
compass triangle
Procedure:
• Interpret details from freehand sketch
• How to sketch drawing
LAP Test Practical Demonstration

Name:________________________________________________ Date: _________________

Time Started: ____________ Time Finished: _________

Instruction

You are required to perform the following-

• Request a Meter, Pencil with pencil sharpener, Try square, Colored chalk, Marker ,
Engineering scale, Ruler, Paper and lead

• Attempt all questions very carefully

• Neatness has its own value
• Follow the necessary Steps in each question
• Draw the Top, Front, and Side view of the given iso-metric drawing below.

NB. Using 3rd Angle projection, Scale 1:1 and all measurement in cm

Request your trainer for an evaluation and feedback.

Other Reference books
• https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au
• Basic Engineering Drawings, RS Rhodes LB cook, long man Scientific&
Technical,
• https://www.scincedirect.com
• Technicaldrawing1,plain& solid geometry,A.Bankole,S.Bland,Longman,©1992
• Technical drawing2,Mechanical Drawing,A.Bankole,S.Bland,Longman,©1990
• https://www.dtwd.wa.gov.au