YILDIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING
Question 1. 2. 3. 4. Total
Score
Related Program Output 1b, 1c 1b, 1c 1b, 1c 1b
Student Name and Surname: Student Number: Signature:
Course Name: Date/Time: Examination Room: Exam Duration:
Bioprocess Engineering 14.01.2021, 09:00 Online 90 minutes
Course Instructor (Title, Name-Surname): Assist. Prof. Dr. Ekin Kıpçak
Exam Type: Quiz Mid-term 1 Mid-term 2 Excuse Final Make-up
QUESTIONS
(Each question is 25 points.)
1. In a bioprocess, recombinant protein is produced through genetically manipulated Candida utilis bacteria.
The production of the recombinant protein is given by the following reaction:
C6H12O6 + a O2 + b NH3 c CH1.83O0.54N0.10 + d CO2 + e H2O + f X
The biomass yield is Y g/g and the recombinant protein yield is Z g/g. Accordingly:
a) Please find the coefficients of a, b, c, d, e and f; and calculate the respiratory quotient.
b) Please calculate the theoretical oxygen demand, cmax and fmax.
Groups 1, 4, 7, 10, 13: X: CH1.55O0.31N0.25, Y: 0.53, Z: 0.077
Groups 2, 5, 8, 11, 14: X: CH2.01O0.41N0.35, Y: 0.62, Z: 0.085
Groups 3, 6, 9, 12: X: C2H1.87O1.01N0.15, Y: 0.47, Z: 0.135
2. In order to heat a solution present at a reactor used for citric acid production, a single pass shell and tube
heat exchanger is used. The solution is passed with a flow rate of X m3/h, through Y parallel tubes in the
heat exchanger. The diameter of the tubes is Z cm and the length of the tubes is A m. The solution viscosity
is 10-3 kg/ms, density is 1010 kg/m3, heat capacity is B kJ/kgC, and thermal conductivity is C W/mC.
Please calculate the heat transfer coefficient.
Groups 1, 6, 8, 12, 14: X: 16.2, Y: 30, Z: 1, A: 5, B: 4, C: 0.64
Groups 2, 4, 9, 10: X: 23.4, Y: 40, Z: 1.5, A: 6, B: 6, C: 0.72
Groups 3, 5, 7, 11, 13: X: 35.7, Y: 50, Z: 2, A: 6.5, B: 8, C: 0.77
Doküman No: MDK-FR-013; Revizyon Tarihi: 24.09.2019; Revizyon No: 00
3. Dextran is produced by using Leuconostoc mesenteroides in a batch culture. Laboratory experiments have
revealed that for each kg of sucrose utilized by the bacteria, 0.23 kg oxygen and 0.01 kg ammonia are
consumed, while 0.75 kg dextran, 0.09 kg cells, 0.27 kg gas CO2 and 0.13 kg H2O are formed. A medium
containing X kg sucrose and Y kg ammonia dissolved in 50000 liter water is pumped to a fermenter and
inoculated to the bacteria. Air is sparged to the fermenter. The total amount of off-gas recovered during the
batch culture is 2500 kg. The concentration of dextran in the final solution product should not exceed Z.
Please draw the process flow diagram, calculate the total weight of the liquid product and the weight of the
water exiting the fermenter.
(Assume that the system does not leak, sucrose and ammonia are 100% converted, inlet and exit air are dry.)
Groups 1, 5, 9, 11: X: 980, Y: 9.8, Z: 3%
Groups 2, 6, 7, 12, 13: X: 1470, Y: 14.7, Z: 2%
Groups 3, 4, 8, 10, 14: X: 1960, Y: 19.6, Z: 4%
4.
a) In the term project that you prepared, what are, or should be, the factors considered in terms of
engineering ethics? Please explain these factors.
b) In the term project that you prepared, please select 2 upstream or downstream processes that were used
and explain them.
c) Please explain how scale-up is made, by explaining the steps that are followed.
d) In a bioprocess, please explain the mechanism of the transfer of oxygen from a gas bubble to the cell
interior. Also, state the step, in which the most important mass transfer mechanism takes place by explaining
the reasons.
All groups should answer all 4 sections of Question 4.
Doküman No: MDK-FR-013; Revizyon Tarihi: 24.09.2019; Revizyon No: 00
YILDIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING
Question 1. 2. 3. 4. Total
Score
Related Program Output 1b, 1c 1b, 1c 1b, 1c 1b
Student Name and Surname: Student Number: Signature:
Course Name: Date/Time: Examination Room: Exam Duration:
Bioprocess Engineering 26.12.2020, 12:30 90 minutes
Course Instructor (Title, Name-Surname): Assist. Prof. Dr. Ekin Kıpçak
Exam Type: Quiz Mid-term 1 Mid-term 2 Excuse Final Make-up
QUESTIONS
(Each question is 25 points.)
1. The reaction, in which ethanol is converted to acetic acid is given below:
In order for this reaction to take place, a solution containing ethanol and water is fed to the reactor. The
production target is obtaining X kg/h acetic acid; while this amount is Y% of the product. Moreover, air with a
flow rate Z gmol/h is also fed to the reactor. (Assume that the system operates at steady state, there are no
leaks, the inlet air to the reactor and exit off-gas from the reactor are dry.)
a) Please draw the process flow diagram.
b) What is the minimum amount of ethanol and water required?
c) What is the composition of the off-gas?
Groups 1, 4, 7, 10, 13: X: 3 kg/h, Y: 25%, Z: 300 gmol/h
Groups 2, 5, 8, 11, 14: X: 2 kg/h, Y: 50%, Z: 200 gmol/h
Groups 3, 6, 9, 12, 15: X: 1 kg/h, Y: 50%, Z: 100 gmol/h
2. An experiment on the growth rate of certain organisms requires an environment of humid air enriched in
oxygen. To produce an output stream with the desired composition, three input streams are fed into an
evaporation chamber:
A: Liquid water, with a flow rate of X cm3/min.
B: Air (flow rate in mol/min).
C: Pure oxygen having a molar flow rate fraction Y of the molar flow rate of stream B (In other words, pure
oxygen molar flow rate = Y * Stream B molar flow rate).
Doküman No: MDK-FR-013; Revizyon Tarihi: 24.09.2019; Revizyon No: 00
The output gas exiting the evaporation chamber is analyzed and found to contain Z mol % water. The density of
water can be taken as 1 g/cm3. Regarding the information given:
a) Please draw the process flow diagram.
b) Fill in the stoichiometric table in mol basis.
c) Calculate the composition of the output gas (in mol %).
Groups 1, 6, 8, 12, 14: X: 20 cm3/min, Y: 1/5, Z: 1.5%
Groups 2, 4, 9, 10, 15: X: 25 cm3/min, Y: 2/5, Z: 2.5%
Groups 3, 5, 7, 11, 13: X: 30 cm3/min, Y: 4/5, Z: 3.5%
3. The production of recombinant proteins with genetically manipulated Escherichia coli strains is related to
cell growth. Ammonia is used as the nitrogen source required for the aerobic respiration of the substrate. The
recombinant protein has the general formula of CH1.55O0.31N0.25 and Escherichia coli has the general formula of
CH1.77O0.49N0.24. The yield of biomass from the substrate is X g/g; and the yield of recombinant protein product
from the substrate is Y% of the yield of biomass from the substrate.
a) How much ammonia is required?
b) What is the oxygen demand?
c) If the yield of biomass from the substrate remains X g/g, how do the required ammonia and oxygen demand
change for natural Escherichia coli strains that cannot synthesize the recombinant protein products?
Groups 1, 5, 9, 11, 15: Substrate: Glucose (C6H12O6), X: 0.48 g/g, Y: 20%
Groups 2, 6, 7, 12, 13: Substrate: Glycerol (C3H8O3), X: 0.28 g/g, Y: 30%
Groups 3, 4, 8, 10, 14: Substrate: Ethanol (C2H5OH), X: 0.35 g/g, Y: 40%
4. (25 Points)
a) Briefly explain the approaches used in process design.
b) State the differences between chemical processes and bioprocesses.
c) State the meanings of the terms , RQ, YXS, YPS.
d) Write the main steps that should be followed when solving a problem about reaction stoichiometry.
Groups 1, 2, 3, 10, 11: Answer parts a) and b).
Groups 4, 5, 6, 12, 13: Answer parts b) and c).
Groups 7, 8, 9, 14, 15: Answer parts b) and d).
Doküman No: MDK-FR-013; Revizyon Tarihi: 24.09.2019; Revizyon No: 00
