Modui3

OobinationatCifeust

clossi e d tnto u
crcure S bastaly
bastally 9
Ac degtal
.

Eypes They ie

coobnatona CYcüit

sequeota crrcuit

Combinatona CIycunt
Coobioatronad CYCUit Ehe output
1nskonu
PTesent at the
ipon the 1oput
iosEaot Of:
ume depends
eons there 1S Rmy
Of Lime (Presenk input) thts
S
coobinabonad cTCust. The representatton

Coro boaio
nos iogi 2 ap
Ccut

The ecample of Cocobinational ciTCures are adder, svbstactor

encode decodet,oultpleme, de-muluplexev et

Sequeotio CYCue
outpk
A squeatial CYCut S te one in dhicb the outp
0pu£
t at any toStant Of Eme depe ods upoo the Present
 there iS
1S
oput aod output So
So
as oell as pastPrenous)
coocept of 9emosyy ts CTCuit

couote
g Flp lop, Yegister,

The Onversal Propevty Of NAND Grate

because E
tt cao
cao be
is the uoiveTsal gate
NAND
NAND 9ote
A
aod
and Ene
the NOR
NoR funcooS
funceons .

OR
the NOT, AND ,

used to produce ase alSO Koo

also Kootun
fuoctson
uoctson so
so they
they ase

be to pass a9y lgc

Ca
can be used

as univeisad gate.
cao be used as
IThe NAND gate

A A

iNAND gate used as overte

A
AB

2 NAND gate used as ao AND 90te

A - AB
AB
 3NAND gLe used as a OR gat

A AtB
AB

LD-
8

A NAND gate used as a NOR gate

Ooive1sal Propetty O NOR Gal

The NoDR Can be used to prod uce te NOT

9ake

uged to pass ny ogtc

AND OR and NAND Fynctioos It Can be

Functroa So Ehey ve also called univeTsa gate

gate The
h NOR gate
NOR ake
aye

cao be used as

A A

as a0 10Veste
NOR 9ate used

A
AHG

used as a OR 9gte
2NOR gate
 A
A4G AB

as a AND gate
3NOR 9ute used

AG

gate used CS a
NAND ga
ANOR

Addey
CCu tt s
Addey s a good eoco cople Of combna Looal

add ba1y umberS Lhe add1 li on ules

Tules qve
Sed
u Sed Lo

O+

Coth c y T

The adder cao be clas sitied 0Lo ttoo yPRS 1e half Qdde

and Full adde1.

 Halc Addel
00 tES oput
tes oput and
Half adder acceot Etoo bunonyagEs
That s Suro
Su and CQm
camy
produce too bioony doet 00 1Es Output

The fo a hal addet Is

logical yoobol

P
Su
oles
Co CaNT

of the hal adder aS expressed

Fiom the loqical ecpTessi0

10 the guen eruth Lable

P ECo
0

Cor Sum a0d Ca1

Qbo2 Eruth kgble cao be deved
output rS 09e
Outprt rs one
Outpu as the Fuoctioo Of Ehe loput The coTy
COTy

cay OuEput Can be

Cohe) both p aod 01e one's Thetefore

Tepreseoted as AND DF the Opue VaYtables

. Cay Ou&put, Co Pa

the 1opu va1ables P aod &

The Sum OuLput ( E)9 00e
 as
xcksve 0R
Suo Cao be eoxp1essed
0ob equa. Tha

Vayables
O the iopuE

'E P OA
Of hale adde iS
logc diag'som
The

Co 12&

Adde
Full add1tso0 S
additsoo s possble .

Sngle
bit
bit adde,
acdet, caisy
Caiy
aiso aa
is
1t iS
a
Suo Cutput
Output
aod ge0esate
Eee oput
Aul adder accepe adde
The
diereveoce
difrereoce
beteea a a full
Tbe basic
comyoutput
ad Full adder acce
ao addittooa

S that The
aod hajc adde

coy
The syrobo epras-
1Oput-hat allocos foY haodkog put

eotalsoo

Sum

CoT
C1
Co

The ruth table Tepiese9 tatioo is

 P C Co

The full addes must add Ecoo 0Put bres aod opüt
cny bit (c1). Fro tho hal adda khat the Suro o¢ the

oput bt aod that the 0pu

P
t mus L be
c1 to be addod Lo tho 10put brEs,
carTy
for
ecclustvely OR ed cokb PA ieldog the cquaLs0
Suo Oulput of bhe ull adde 1 (Poa) c1
The Cocoplete logc cTCuk Fov full adder is

POa

2 (Pea ) Oc1

C'

(POa) CI
Co Pa, 4 (PO

Pa