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Assignment 5

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28 views3 pages

Assignment 5

Uploaded by

Parth mehta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Assignment 5

Questions:
1.Explain 1NF, 2NF and 3NF with suitable
examples.
2.Write down Advantages and Disadvantages of
Normalization.
Ans-1:
 Normalization Forms:
 Normalization is a process of organizing the data in a
database to minimize data redundancy and dependency.
Normalization involves dividing large tables into smaller
tables and linking them through relationships.
 First Normal Form (1NF)
 A table is in 1NF if it does not contain any composite or
multi-valued attribute. A relation is in first normal form if
every attribute in that relation is a single-valued attribute.
 Example:
 Bad table:
ID Name Course
1 A C1,c2
Good table:

ID Name Course
1 A C1
1 A C2

 Second Normal Form (2NF)


 A relation is in 2NF if it is in 1NF and any non-prime attribute (attributes
which are not part of any candidate key) is not partially dependent on any
proper subset of any candidate key of the table.
 Example Table:

 In this table, the primary key is (Order ID, Product ID). The non-prime
attributes (Customer ID, Order Date, Quantity) depend on the entire
primary key, not just one part of it. Therefore, this table is in 2NF.
 Third Normal Form (3NF)
 A relation is said to be in third normal form, if we did not have any
transitive dependency for non-prime attributes. The basic condition
with the Third Normal Form is that, the relation must be in Second
Normal Form.
 Example Tables:

 In this example, we have two tables: Orders and Order Items. The
Orders table has the primary key (Order ID), and the Order Items table
has the primary key (Order ID, Product ID). There are no transitive
dependencies, and each non-prime attribute depends only on the
primary key. Therefore, these tables are in 3NF.

ANS-2:
ADVANTAGES OF NORMALIZATION:

 REDUCED DATA REDUNDANCY

 IMPROVED DATA CONSISTENCY

 SIMPLIFIED DATABASE DESIGN

 IMPROVED QUERY PERFORMANCE

 EASIER DATABASE MAINTENANCE

 DATA CONSISTENCY

 DATA REDUNDANCY

 RESPONSE TIME

DISADVANTAGES OF NORMALIZATION:

 SLOWER QUERY RESPONSE RATES

 ACCURATE KNOWLEDGE IS REQUIRED

 ADDED COMPLEXITIES FOR TEAMS

 DENORMALIZATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE

NOTE: HIGHER LEVELS OF NORMALIZATION CAN LEAD TO MORE COMPLEX


DATABASE DESIGNS AND QUERIES. IT IS IMPORTANT TO STRIKE A BALANCE BETWEEN
NORMALIZATION AND PRACTICALITY WHEN DESIGNING A DATABASE.

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