CLASS –XII MATHEMATICS NCERT SOLUTIONS

Linear Programming
Miscellaneous Exercise
Answers
1. Let x and y be the number of packets of food P and Q respectively, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0. -
We have to maximize Z = 6 x + 3 y (vitamin A) subject to the constraints 12 x + 3 y ≥ 240
(constraints on Calcium), i.e., 4 x + y ≥ 80 ……….(i)
And 4 x + 50 y ≥ 460 (constraints on Iron), i.e., x + 5 y ≥ 115 ……….(ii)
Also 6 x + 4 y ≤ 300 (constraints on Cholesterol), i.e., 3 x + 2 y ≤ 150 ……….(iii)
x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 ……….(iv)
Consider 4 x + y ≥ 80
Let 4 x + y = 80
⇒ y = 80 − 4 x
A B C
x 0 10 20
y 80 40 0
Here, (0, 0) does not satisfy this inequation, therefore the
required half plane does not include the point (0, 0)
Again consider x + 5 y ≥ 115
Let x + 5 y = 115
⇒ x = 115 − 5 y
D E F
x 115 65 0
y 0 10 23
Here, also (0, 0) does not satisfy this inequation, therefore the required half plane does not
include the point (0, 0)
Again consider 3 x + 2 y ≤ 150
x y
Let 3 x + 2 y = 150 ⇒ + =1
50 75
Therefore, G (50, 0) and H (0, 75) satisfy the equation.
As (0, 0) satisfies the inequation 3 x + 2 y = 150 , therefore the required half plane contains (0, 0)
The shaded region is the feasible solution and its corners are P (15, 20), Q (40, 15) and R (2,
72).
Now Z = 6x + 3y
At P(15, 20) Z = 6 x 15 + 3 x 20 = 90 + 60 = 150
At Q (40, 15) Z = 6 x 40 + 3 x 15 = 240 + 45 = 285
At R (2, 72) Z = 6 x 2 + 3 x 72 = 12 + 216 = 228
Hence, maximum Z = 285 units of vitamin A at x = 40, y = 15.
2. Let number of bags of cattle feed brand P = x and number of bags of cattle feed brand Q = y

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 We have to minimize Z = 250 x + 200 y subject to the constraints 3 x + 1.5 y ≥ 18 ,
2.5 x + 11.25 y ≥ 45 , 2 x + 3 y ≥ 24 ,
x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
Consider 3 x + 1.5 y ≥ 18
Let 3 x + 1.5 y = 18
⇒ 2 x + y = 12
x y
⇒ + =1
6 12
Now the points are A (6, 0) and B (0, 12).
Now clearly (0, 0) does not lie in the required half plane as
(0, 0) does not satisfy the inequation 3 x + 1.5 y ≥ 18 .
Again consider 2.5 x + 11.25 y ≥ 45
Let 2.5 x + 11.25 y = 45
⇒ 2 x + 9 y = 36
x y
⇒ + =1
18 4
Now point C (18, 0) and D (0, 4) lie on the line.
Now again (0, 0) does not lie in the required half plane as (0, 0) does not satisfy the inequation
2.5 x + 11.25 y ≥ 45 .
Again consider 2 x + 3 y ≥ 24
x y
Let 2 x + 3 y = 24 ⇒ + =1
12 8
Here, the points E (12, 0) and F (0, 8) lie on the line.
Again also (0, 0) does not lie on the half plane as (0, 0) does not satisfy this inequation.
The feasible region of XCPQEY and the co-ordinates of corners are C (18, 0), P (9, 2), Q (3, 6)
and E (0, 12).
Now Z = 250 x + 200 y
At C (18, 0) Z = 250 x 18 + 200 x 0 = 4500
At P (9, 2) Z = 250 x 9 + 200 x 2 = 2450
At Q (3, 6) Z = 250 x 3 + 200 x 6 = 1950
At E (0, 12) Z = 250 x 0 + 200 x 12 = 2400

Here, minimum cost Z = Rs. 1950 when x = 3, y = 6

Hence, number of bags of brand P = 3 and number of bags of brand Q = 6 and minimum cost of
1950
the mixture per bag = Rs. = Rs. 216.67 per bag.
9
3. Let in the mixture food X weighs = x kg and in the mixture food Y weighs = y kg
We have to minimize Z = 16 x + 20 y subject to constraints, x + 2 y ≥ 10 , 2 x + 2 y ≥ 12 , 3 x + y ≥ 8 ,
x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0

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 Consider x + 2 y ≥ 10
Let x + 2 y = 10
x y
⇒ + =1
10 5
∴ Points A (10, 0) and B (0, 5) lies on the line.
Here, (0, 0) does not satisfy the inequation x + 2 y ≥ 10 ,
therefore the required half plane does not include (0, 0).
Again consider 2 x + 2 y ≥ 12
Let 2 x + 2 y = 12
⇒ x+ y =6
x y
⇒ + =1
6 6
∴ Points C (6, 0) and D (0, 6) lies on the line.
Again consider 3 x + y ≥ 8
Let 3x + y = 8 ⇒ y = 8 − 3x E F G
Again in the inequation (0, 0) is not included in the required half x 0 100 200
y 140 80 20
plane.
The shaded region is our feasible solution A (10, 0), P (2, 4), Q (1, 5), E (0, 8).
The corners of the feasible region are A (10, 0), P (2, 4), Q (1, 5), E (0, 8).
Now Z = 16 x + 20 y
At A (10, 0) Z = 16 x 10 + 20 x 0 = 160
At P (2, 4) Z = 16 x 2 + 20 x 4 = 112
At Q (1, 5) Z = 16 x 1 + 20 x 5 = 116
At E (0, 8) Z = 16 x 0 + 20 x 8 = 160
Therefore minimum Z = Rs. 112 at x = 2, y = 4
Hence, minimum cost of the mixture = Rs. 112 when he mixes 2 kg of food X and 4 kg of food Y.
4. Let x units of toys A and y units of toys B are produced by the manufacturer. Time spent on
machine I to produce x units of toys A and y units of toys B =
(12 x + 6 y ) minutes.
Since each machine is available for a maximum of 6 x 60 = 360
minutes.
Therefore, we have 12 x + 6 y ≤ 360 ⇒ 2 x + y ≤ 60
18 x ≤ 360 and 2 x + 3 y ≤ 120
now, the profit Z earned by the manufacturer to produce x units of
type A and y units of type B is 7.50 x + 5 y.
we have to maximize Z = 7.50 x + 5 y i.e., 4Z = 3 x + 2 y subject to constraints 2 x + y ≤ 6 , x ≤ 20 ,
2 x + 3 y ≤ 120 and x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0.
Consider 2 x + y ≤ 6

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 Let 2x + y = 6
x y
⇒ + =1
30 60
∴ Points A (30, 0) and B (0, 60) lies on the line. Also (0, 0) lies in the required half plane.
Again consider x ≤ 20
Let x = 20
It represent the half plane to the left of x = 20 .
Again consider 2 x + 3 y ≤ 120
x y
Let 2 x + 3 y = 120 ⇒ + =1
60 40
∴ Points C (60, 0) and D (0, 40) lies on the line. Therefore, (0, 0) lies in the required half plane.
The shaded portion is our feasible region. Its corners are O (0, 0), P (20, 0), Q (20, 20), R (15,
30), D (0, 40).
Now Z = 7.50 x + 5 y
At O (0, 0) Z = 7.5 x 0 + 5 x 0 = 0
At P (20, 0) Z = 7.5 x 00 + 5 x 0 = 150
At Q (20, 20) Z = 7.5 x 20 + 5 x 20 = 250
At R (15, 30) Z = 7.5 x 15 + 5 x 30 = 262.50
At D (0, 40) Z = 7.5 x 0 + 5 x 40 = 200
Now maximum profit = Z = Rs. 262.50, when he manufacturers 15 toys of types A and 30 of
type B in a day.
5. Let number of tickets of executive class sold = x and number of tickets of economy class sold =
y
We have to maximize = Z = 1000 x + 600 y subject to x + y ≤ 200 , x ≥ 20 and y ≥ 4 x
x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
Consider x + y ≤ 200
Let x + y = 200
x y
⇒ + =1
200 200
∴ Points A (200, 0) and B(0, 200) are on the line and therefore
(0, 0) is included in the required half plane.
Again consider x ≥ 20
Let x = 20
It is the line parallel to y − axis at a positive distance 20 and the
half plane lies towards right of it.
Again consider y ≥ 4 x
Let y = 4x
O C D
x 0 20 40
y 0 80 160

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 Here, (40, 0) does not satisfy y ≥ 4 x , therefore plane does not include (40, 0).
The shaded portion is the feasible region. Its corners are C (20, 80), D (40, 160) and P (20, 180)
Now Z = 1000 x + 600 y
At C (20, 80) Z = 1000 x 20 + 600 x 80 = 20000 + 48000 = 68,000
At D (40, 60) Z = 1000 x 40 + 600 x 60 = 40000 + 96000 = 1,36,000
At P (20, 180) Z = 1000 x 20 + 600 x 180 = 20000 + 108000 = 1,28,000
Hence Maximum profit Z = Rs. 1,36,000 at x = 40, y = 160.
6. Let godown A supplies x quintals of grain to the ration shop D and y quintals to ration shop E.
5
We have to minimize Z = 6 x + 3 y +
2
(100 − x − y ) + 4 ( 60 − x ) + 2 ( 50 − y )
+ 3 ( x + y − 10 )
5x 3 y
⇒ Z= + + 410
2 2
Subject to x + y ≤ 100 , x ≤ 60 , y ≤ 50 and x + y ≥ 60 ,
x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0.
Consider x + y ≤ 100
Let x + y = 100
x y
⇒ + =1
100 100
∴ Points P (100, 0) and Q (0, 100) lie on the line and it represents the half-plane containing (0,
0).
Again we consider x ≤ 60 and y ≤ 50
We draw x = 60 and y = 50
Again consider x + y ≥ 60
x y
Let x + y = 60 ⇒ + =1
60 60
∴ Points A (60, 0) and R (0, 60) lie on the line and it represents the half-plane containing (0, 0)
The shaded region is the feasible solution. Its corners are A (60, 0), B (60, 40), C (50, 50) and D
(10, 50).
5x 3 y
Now Z= + + 410
2 2
5 3
At A (60, 0) Z = × 60 + × 0 + 410 = 150 + 410 = 560
2 2
5 3
At B (60, 40) Z = × 60 + × 40 + 410 = 150 + 60 + 410 = 620
2 2
5 3
At C (50, 50) Z = × 50 + × 50 + 410 = 125 + 75 + 410 = 610
2 2

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 5 3
At D (10, 50) × 10 + × 50 + 410 = 25 + 75 + 410 = 510
Z=
2 2
Hence minimum value is Z = 510 at x = 10, y = 50.
7. Let x liters of oil is supplied from depot A to petrol pump D and y liters of oil supplied from
depot A to petrol pump E then 7000 − ( x + y ) liters of oil will be supplied from depot A to
petrol pump F.
∴ We have x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 and 7000 − ( x + y ) ≥ 0
⇒ x + y ≤ 700
Since requirements of oil at petrol pump, D, E and F are
( 4500 − x ) , ( 5000 − x ) and 3500 − ( x + y )  liters
respectively.
∴ 4500 − x ≥ 0
⇒ x ≤ 4500
And 3000 − y ≥ 0 ⇒
y ≤ 3000
And 3500 − 7000 − ( x + y )  ≥ 0 ⇒ x + y ≥ 3500
∵ The cost of transportation per km for 10 liters oil is Re 1
1
∴ The cost of transportation per km per liter = Rs.
10
∴ The cost of transportation
Z = 0.7 x + 0.6 y + 0.3 700 − ( x + y )  + 0.3 ( 4500 − x ) + 0.4 ( 3000 − y ) + ( x + y ) − 3500 
Z = 0.3 x + 0.1 y + 3950
Therefore, the feasible region is ABECD.
Its corners are A (500, 3000), B (35, 0), E (4500, 0), C (4500, 2500), D (4000, 3000).
Now Z = 0.3 x + 0.1 y + 3950
At A (500, 3000) Z = 0.3 x 500 + 0.1 x 3000 + 3950 = 4400
At B (3500, 0) Z = 0.3 x 3500 + 0.1 x 0 + 3950 = 5000
At E (4500, 0) Z = 0.3 x 4500 + 0.1 x 0 + 3950 = 5300
At C (4500, 2500) Z = 0.3 x 4500 + 0.1 x 2500 + 3950 = 5550
At D (4000, 3000) Z = 0.3 x 4000 + 0.1 x 3000 + 3950 = 5450
Minimum transportation charges are Rs. 4400 at x = 500, y = 3000
Hence, 500 liters, 3000 liters and 3500 liters of oil should be transported from depot A to
petrol pumps D, E, F and 4000 liters, 0 liter and 0 liter of oil be transported from depot B to
petrol pumps D, E and F with minimum cost of transportation of Rs. 4400.
8. Let amount of Brand P of fertilizer = x bags and amount of Brand Q of fertilizer = y bags
We have to minimize Z = 3 x + 3.5 y subject to x + 2 y ≥ 240 , 3 x + 1.5 y ≥ 270 , 1.5 x + 2 y ≤ 310
x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0

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 Consider x + 2 y ≥ 240
Let x + 2 y = 240
x y
⇒ + =1
240 120
∴ Points A (240, 0) and B (0, 120) lie on the line.
And (0, 0) does not lie on the required half-plane of this in
equation.
Again consider
3 x + 1.5 y ≥ 270
Let 3 x + 1.5 y = 270
⇒ 2 x + y = 180
x y
⇒ + =1
90 180
∴ Points C (90, 0) and D (0, 180) lie on the line.
Here also (0, 0) does not lie on the required half-plane of this inequation.
Again consider 1.5 x + 2 y ≤ 310 E F G
Let 1.5 x + 2 y = 310 ⇒ 3 x + 4 y = 620 x 0 100 200
y 155 80 5
620 − 3 x
⇒ y=
4
Here also (0, 0) does not lie on the required half-plane of this inequation.
The shaded portion is the feasible region. Its corners are P (140, 50), Q (20, 140) and R (40,
100).
Now Z = 3 x + 3.5 y
At P (140, 50) Z = 3 x 140 + 3.5 x 50 = 420 + 175 = 595
At Q (20, 140) Z = 3 x 20 + 3.5 x 140 = 60 + 490 = 550
At R (40, 100) Z = 3 x 40 + 3.5 x 100 = 120 + 350 = 470
Hence minimum Z = 470 at x = 40, y = 100.
9. We have Z = 3 x + 3.5 y and Z is maximum at P (140, 50).
To maximize the amount of nitrogen, 140 bags of brand P and 50 bags of brand Q are required.
Therefore maximum amount of nitrogen required = 595 kg
10. Let the number of dolls of type A = x and number of dolls of type B = y
1
We have to maximize Z = 12 x + 16 y subject to x + y ≤ 1200 , y ≤ x , x − 3 y ≤ 600 , x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
2
Consider x + y ≤ 1200 A B C
Let x + y = 1200 x 0 600 1200
y 1200 600 0
⇒ y = 1200 − x
Here, (0, 0) is included in the required half plane and satisfies this inequation.
1
Again consider y ≤ x
2

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 1
Let y= x
2
1 O E F
Here, (100, 0) satisfies the inequation y ≤ x , therefore the
2 x 0 600 1200
required half plane includes (100, 0). y 1200 600 0

Again consider x − 3 y ≤ 600

Let x − 3 y = 600
⇒ x = 600 + 3 y D P Q
Here, also (0, 0) is included in the required half-plane. x 600 900 1200
y 0 100 200
The shaded region DRSOD is the feasible region whose
corners are D(600,0), R(1050,150), S(800,400) and O(0,0).

Now Z = 12 x + 16 y
At D (600, 0) Z = 12 x 600 + 16 x 0 = 7200
At R (1050, 150) Z = 12 x 105 + 16 x 150 = 12600 + 2400 = 15,000
At S (800, 400) Z = 12 x 800 + 16 x 400 = 9600 + 6400 = 16,000
At O (0, 0) Z = 12 x 0 + 16 x 0 = 0
Hence maximum profit Z = Rs. 16,000 at x = 800, y = 400.

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