Step 1: Data Acquisition and Understanding

1. Load required Libraries and Dataset

import pandas as pd
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
from sklearn.metrics import classification_report, accuracy_score
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler

df = pd.read_csv(‘Dry_Bean_Dataset.csv')
df.head()

2. Perform initial Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) to understand basic statistics:

df.info()
df.describe()

3. Check for missing values:

df.isnull().sum()

OUTPUT:
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 13611 entries, 0 to 13610
Data columns (total 17 columns):
# Column Non-Null Count Dtype
--- ------ -------------- -----
0 Area 13611 non-null int64
1 Perimeter 13611 non-null float64
2 MajorAxisLength 13611 non-null float64
3 MinorAxisLength 13611 non-null float64
4 AspectRation 13611 non-null float64
5 Eccentricity 13611 non-null float64
6 ConvexArea 13611 non-null int64
7 EquivDiameter 13611 non-null float64
8 Extent 13611 non-null float64
9 Solidity 13611 non-null float64
10 roundness 13611 non-null float64
11 Compactness 13611 non-null float64
12 ShapeFactor1 13611 non-null float64
13 ShapeFactor2 13611 non-null float64
14 ShapeFactor3 13611 non-null float64
15 ShapeFactor4 13611 non-null float64
16 Class 13611 non-null object
dtypes: float64(14), int64(2), object(1)
memory usage: 1.8+ MB
 0

Area 0

Perimeter 0

MajorAxisLength 0

MinorAxisLength 0

AspectRation 0

Eccentricity 0

ConvexArea 0

EquivDiameter 0

Extent 0

Solidity 0

roundness 0

Compactness 0

ShapeFactor1 0

ShapeFactor2 0

ShapeFactor3 0

ShapeFactor4 0

Class 0

dtype: int64

Step 2: Data Preprocessing and Transformation

1. Handling Missing Values: If the dataset has missing values, we can handle them by
imputing the mean for numerical columns or using forward-fill for categorical columns.
2. Spliting dataset using train_test_split:

X = df.drop(columns=['Class'])
y = df['Class']
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y,
test_size=0.2, random_state=42)
 3. Feature scaling on data:

scaler = StandardScaler()
X_train = scaler.fit_transform(X_train)
X_test = scaler.transform(X_test)

OUTPUT :
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 13611 entries, 0 to 13610
Data columns (total 17 columns):
# Column Non-Null Count Dtype
--- ------ -------------- -----
0 Area 13611 non-null int64
1 Perimeter 13611 non-null float64
2 MajorAxisLength 13611 non-null float64
3 MinorAxisLength 13611 non-null float64
4 AspectRation 13611 non-null float64
5 Eccentricity 13611 non-null float64
6 ConvexArea 13611 non-null int64
7 EquivDiameter 13611 non-null float64
8 Extent 13611 non-null float64
9 Solidity 13611 non-null float64
10 roundness 13611 non-null float64
11 Compactness 13611 non-null float64
12 ShapeFactor1 13611 non-null float64
13 ShapeFactor2 13611 non-null float64
14 ShapeFactor3 13611 non-null float64
15 ShapeFactor4 13611 non-null float64
16 Class 13611 non-null object
dtypes: float64(14), int64(2), object(1)
memory usage: 1.8+ MB

Step 3: Data Visualization

1. Correlation Matrix to see relationships between features:

import seaborn as sns

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.figure(figsize=(10,8))
sns.heatmap(df.corr(), annot=True, cmap='coolwarm')

OUTPUT:
 <Axes: >

2. Distribution Plots of key features to understand the spread of values:

sns.displot(df[Area])
sns.displot(df['MajorAxisLength'])

OUTPUT:
<seaborn.axisgrid.FacetGrid at 0x77fc9ff6ad70>
Pair Plots to visualize relationships between input features:

sns.pairplot(df[['Area', 'Perimeter', 'MajorAxisLength',

'MinorAxisLength','AspectRation']], hue='Class')

OUTPUT:
<seaborn.axisgrid.PairGrid at 0x77fce876bee0>

Step 4: Model Building

Implement multiple models for comparison:

1. Logistic Regression:
 from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
logreg = LogisticRegression()
logreg.fit(X_train, y_train)

2. Support Vector Machine (SVM):

from sklearn.svm import SVC

svm = SVC()
svm.fit(X_train, y_train)

3. K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN):

from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier

knn = KNeighborsClassifier()
knn.fit(X_train, y_train)

Step 5: Model Evaluation

1. Accuracy:

Logistic Regression

from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score

y_pred_logreg = logreg.predict(X_test)
print("Accuracy for Logistic Regression:", accuracy_score(y_test,
y_pred_logreg))

OUTPUT:
Accuracy for Logistic Regression: 0.9265515975027543

Support Vector Machine (SVM):

from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score

y_pred_svm = svm.predict(X_test)
print("Accuracy for SVM:", accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred_svm))

OUTPUT:
Accuracy for SVM: 0.9338964377524789
 K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN):

from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score

y_pred_knn = knn.predict(X_test)
print("Accuracy for KNN:", accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred_knn))

OUTPUT:

Accuracy for KNN: 0.9232464193903782

2. Accuracy across models to select the best one. For instance:

o Logistic Regression: 92.65% accuracy
o SVM : 93.38% accuracy
o K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN): 92.32% accuracy

Conclusion and Insights

The best-performing model is Support Vector Machine (SVM) , with an accuracy of 93.38%.
The most important features contributing to the prediction of Dry Beans are Area,
MajorAxisLength, Perimeter.