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WHAT IS FLUID FLOW

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4 views

WHAT IS FLUID FLOW

Uploaded by

Jen Montojo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WHAT IS FLUID FLOW

Fluid and flow, are two terms each with their own definitions. Fluids, i.e.
liquids and gases, are substances with no distinct shape and change easily
relative to the presence of external pressure. Flow, on the other hand, refers to
movement. When combined, the term fluid flow refers to the movement of
liquids and gases.

Fluid statics
In fluid statics, two of the most important concepts that you'll come across are
pressure and buoyancy. Pressure refers to the force exerted by a fluid per unit
area, while buoyancy is the force exerted on an object that is partially or wholly
immersed in a fluid.

Fluid dynamics

 Continuity Equation: This principle is based on the conservation of mass and states that the
mass flow rate of a fluid must remain constant from one cross-section of a pipe to another. This
can be expressed as , here A is the cross-sectional area, and V is the velocity.

 Bernoulli's Principle: This principle states that in a streamline flow, an increase in the fluid's
velocity leads to a decrease in pressure or potential energy. It’s often used to explain phenomena
such as lift in airplane wings.

 Navier-Stokes Equations: These are a set of partial differential equations that describe the
motion of fluid substances. They account for various factors such as viscosity, pressure, velocity,
and external forces acting on the fluid.

 Reynolds Number: This dimensionless quantity helps predict flow patterns in different fluid
flow situations. It is the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces and is used to determine whether
the flow will be laminar or turbulent.

 Drag and Lift: These are forces experienced by objects moving through a fluid. Drag
opposes the motion, while lift acts perpendicular to the flow direction.
 Pressure: In a static fluid, pressure is the force exerted per unit area on a surface within the
fluid. It acts equally in all directions at a given depth in the fluid. Pressure in a fluid increases
with depth due to the weight of the fluid above.

 Pascal's Law: This principle states that pressure applied at any point in a confined,
incompressible fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the entire fluid. This is the basis for
hydraulic systems.

 Hydrostatic Pressure: The pressure at a given depth in a fluid is called hydrostatic pressure
and is determined by the equation:

where:

 P is the pressure at depth,


 P0 is the pressure at the surface,
 ρ is the fluid's density,
 g is the acceleration due to gravity,
 h is the depth below the surface.

Buoyancy: This is the upward force exerted on an object submerged in a fluid, which is equal
to the weight of the displaced fluid. Archimedes' principle governs buoyancy and is given by:

where:

 Fb is the buoyant force,


 ρ is the density of the fluid,
 g is the acceleration due to gravity,
 V is the volume of fluid displaced.

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