Republic of the Philippines

​ Benguet State University​

College of Agriculture
DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
La Trinidad, Benguet
Name: ______________________ ​ Date of Submission __________
Section, Lab & Time ____________

Animal Science 101

Exercise # 1
BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF FARM ANIMALS AND TERMINOLOGIES

Introduction

​ All farm animals belong to the kingdom Animalia i.e. they are multicellular organisms with a
central nervous system. They all belong also to Phylum Chordata (organisms with a notochord or
vertebral column for axial support. However, in each class, livestock species belong to class Mammalia
(animals that grow hair, give birth young alive and produce milk for their young) while the poultry
species belong to class Aves (animals that grow feathers and lay eggs). From each class, the animals
are further classified according to order, family and genus based on their shared characteristics.

​ In this laboratory exercise are common terms used in animal production. Knowing the terms will
help the student to understand better the course.

Objectives:​ After the laboratory exercise, the student should be able to:

1.​ identify the biological classification of the common farm animals;

2.​ identify the term to be used when referring to a particular animal species; and
3.​ define common terms used in animal production

Student Activity: Complete the Tables below by providing the terms under each column for each
of the animal species specified.

References (Make sure to write down the references)

Table 1. Biological classification of animal species from Order to Species

No. COMMON NAME ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES

1 CHICKEN
2 TURKEY
3 DUCK
3a Mallard
3b Muscovy
4. GOOSE
4a Greek/European
4b Chinese
5. HORSE
6 DONKEY
7 BUFFALO/CARABAO
8 CATTLE
8a European
8b Zebu
9 SHEEP
10 GOAT
11 SWINE
11a European
11b Asiatic
12 RABBIT
12 DOG
 13 CAT

2. Terms for the male and female parents, baby, and male and female when young under each animal species
COMMON NAME MALE PARENT FEMALE PARENT BABY OFFSPRING YOUNG MALE YOUNG FEMALE

CHICKEN

TURKEY

DUCK

GOOSE

HORSE

BUFFALO/CARABAO

CATTLE

SHEEP

GOAT

SWINE

RABBIT

DOG

CAT
Table 3. Term for parturition, meat, voice produced, and castrated animal before and after puberty

COMMON NAME PARTURITION TERM MEAT TERM CASTRATED MALE CASTRATED MALE
BEFORE PUBERTY AFTER PUBERTY
STAGE STAGE
HORSE
BUFFALO/CARABAO
CATTLE
SHEEP
GOAT
SWINE
RABBIT
DOG
CAT

Table 4. The animal species referred to

TERM ANIMAL SPECIES REFERRED TO
AVIAN
BOVINE
CANINE
CAPRINE
EQUINE
FELINE
OVINE
PORCINE
Lagomorphs
Define the following terms
a.​ General Terms

1 Mammals
2 Avian
3 Puberty
4 Estrus
5 Estrous Cycle
6 Dam
7 Sire
8 Fertility
9 Fecundity
10 Sterility
11 Copulation
12 Conception
13 Gestation
14 Castration
15 Weanling
16 Impotency
17 Oviposition
18 Incubation
19 Brooding
20 Parturition
a. Calving
b. Farrowing
c. Kidding
d. Foaling
e. Lambing

B. Cattle and Carabao

1 Ox
2 Cattle
3 Bull
4 Cow
5 Heifer
6 Steer
7 Stag
8 Calf
9 Bullcalf
10 Caracow
11 Bullock
12 Carabull
 13 Caraheifer

C. Horse

1 Stallion
2 Mare
3 Colt
4 Filly
5 Foal
6 Gelding
7 Yeld Mare
8 Ridgling
9 Equitation

D. Swine

1 Boar
2 Sow
3 Gilt
4 Shote
5 Barrow
6 Weanling
7 Suckling
8 Litter
9 Litter Size
10 Stag

E. Sheep and Goat

1 Ram
2 Ewe
3 Wether Sheep
4 Shearling
5 Fleece
6 Billy Goat
7 Pelt
8 Doe
9 Kid
10 Wether Goat
11 Doe Kid
12 Buck Kid
13 Lamb
14 Buck
F. Poultry

1 Poultry
2 Chicken
3 Rooster
4 Cockerel
5 Capon
6 Pullet
7 Hen
8 Duck
9 Drake
10 Duckling
11 Gander
12 Tom
13 Poult
14 Squab
15 Chick
16 Broiler
17 Brood
18 Clutch
19 Layer
20 Spent Hen

G. Nutrition

1 Nutrition
2 Nutrient
3 Feeds
4 Feedstuffs
5 Concentrates
6 Roughages
Feed
7 Formulation
8 Digestion
9 Metabolism
10 Amino Acids

H. Meat of Different Farm Animals

1 Chevon
2 Beef
3 Carabeef
4 Lapan
5 Pork
6 Mutton
 7 Lamb
8 Veal
9 Venison
10 Game Meat
I.​ Slaughtering

1 Fasting
2 Stunning
3 Bleeding
4 Flaying
5 Singeing
6 Evisceration
7 Scalding
8 Slaughtering
9 Offals
10 Giblets

J. Scientific Name of common farm animals:

Animals Scientific Name

Goat
Cattle
Horse
Sheep
Dog
Chicken
Duck
Quail
Rabbit
Swine
SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

A.​ The Major External Parts of a Chicken:

​ To be able to work with chickens, a breeder must know the various parts of a
chicken and their functions, and know the difference between male and female chickens.
●​ Beak – The chicken’s beak serves three functions. First, it is the chicken’s mouth.
Second, it is used for fighting and protection. And third, it functions as the teeth of
the chicken, enabling the bird to break grass, fruit and other foods into pieces
small enough to swallow.
●​ Comb and wattles – It is believed that the comb and wattles of chickens serve to
cool their blood. Comb is the fleshy attachment on the top part of the chicken’s
head, and it is usually red. Wattles are the two red fleshy skins hanging below the
beak
●​ Ear lobes – The ear lobes of chickens serve hearing and other ear functions.
●​ Eyes – The eyeball of a chicken is stationary; thus, a chicken must move its head
to vary the range of vision.
●​ Feathers – Feathers provide insulation and buffer extremes of heat and cold.
●​ Wings – Chickens cannot fly very well. They can flap their wings sufficiently to
raise themselves about three meters (3m) off the ground.
●​ Tail and tail feathers – The tail is used for balance while walking and, in flying, as
a rudder for up – and – down and side – to – side motion.
●​ Feet and nails – In addition to walking, feet and claws are used in fighting (for
protection) and in finding food.

B.​ Differences Between Male and Female Chickens That Should Help in
Identification:

●​ Size – The male will grow taller and usually weighs between 0.5 kg and 1 kg more
than females of the same age upon reaching maturity. A male of one breed may weigh
less than the female of another breed. This greater size is not apparent until the
chicken attains four weeks of age. At one day old there is no difference at all between
male and female chicks.
●​ Comb and spurs – The comb and wattles of the male will become much larger than
the comb and wattles of a female. On the female, spurs hardly develop at all when
compared to the male.

●​ Vocal expressions – Everyone knows that a rooster crows while a hen doesn’t. What is
not generally known is that rooster’s crow intermittently all day long, not just in the
morning.
 ●​ Feathers – Adult males have distinguishably different feathers from those of adult
females. The most distinguishable are the tail feathers which are long and stringy on
the male. Hackle and neck feathers of males have pointed ends, whereas those of
females have rounder ends. In addition, males have sickle feathers in their tails and
hackle feathers on their backs which and females do not have.

C.​ The External Anatomy of a Chicken:

Figure 1. External anatomy of a chicken

Source: https://www.poultryclubsa.co.za/anatomy-of-chickens
Tail
1 Muffing 8 Beak 15 Thigh 22 Fourth toe 29 Wing bar 36
sickle
Hock Main
2 Face 9 Wattles 16 23 Fifth toe 30 Wing covert 37
joint tail
3 Ear-lobe 10 Beard 17 Shank 24 Footings 31 Shoulder 38 Back
Vulture
4 Ear 11 Neck 18 Spur 25 32 Wing bow .
hock
Neck
5 Crest 12 19 Foot 26 Abdomen 33 Saddle hackle
hackle
Middle Primary
6 Eye 13 Breast 20 27 34 Tail covert
toe flights
Third
7 Comb 14 Keel 21 28 Wing bay 35 Side Hangers
toe

D.​ The Major External Parts of a Duck

​

​ Ducks have many of the same basic external parts as other fowl, such as chickens.
However, some unique characteristics exist in the external anatomies of ducks. For example,
a duck’s head (shown in Figure 2) differs from a chicken’s head in several ways. Ducks have
no comb and, other than the crested duck, no head covering other than feathers. The bill of a
duck is flatter than the beak of a chicken and has a protrusion on the upper tip known as
the bean. A duck has webbed toes, which are important for swimming. For all breeds except
the Muscovy, male ducks have curled feathers at the base of the tail (called sex feathers),
whereas females do not (see Figure 3).

Figure 2. Parts of a duck’s head​ ​ ​ Figure 3. Comparison of male and

female ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ducks, ​showing the location of
the male ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ sex feather
Source: https://poultry.extension.org/articles/poultry-anatomy/external-anatomy-of-ducks/

●​ Crown- The crown is the very top of a bird's head. On ducks, look for a solid color,
iridescent sheen, or any mottling or striations. Also, check the shape of the crown,
whether it is flatter or more peaked, and note how steeply the crown slopes down to
the bird's bill. Also, note if the bird has any crest.
●​ Bill- A duck's bill has a flattened, spatulate shape to help them filter food out of the
water. Check the color and markings of the bill and the extent of the flattening, as well
as the width and length when compared to head size.
●​ Nail- Ducks have a slightly thicker tip on the bill, called the nail. This feature helps
them root through mud or grass to find food, and in some duck species, the nail is
more prominent or may be a different color than the rest of the bill.
●​ Throat- The front of the neck is the bird's throat. Check for a ring at the base of the
neck or for an overall iridescent sheen that can set the neck off from the rest of the
plumage. The length of the neck can be another vital clue.
●​ Auriculars- A bird's cheeks are called auriculars, and in some species, these short, fine
feathers will show a different color than the rest of the face. If the cheeks are a
different color, note how sharp the contrast is between the auriculars and the rest of
the plumage.

E.​ The Major External Parts of a Turkey

Figure 4. Labeled Parts of a Turkey's Head Figure 5. Location of the beard on a male ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Bourbon Red Turkey
Source: https://poultry.extension.org/articles/poultry-anatomy/external-anatomy-of-turkeys/
​ Turkeys have many of the same basic external parts as chickens—ears, earlobes, eyes,
eye rings, beak, wings, tail, thighs, hocks, shanks, spurs, claws, and toes. However, some
differences exist in the external anatomies of turkeys and chickens. For example, a turkey’s
head (shown in Figure 4) differs from a chicken’s head in several ways. A turkey does not
have a comb on the top of its head. Instead, it has a fleshy growth from the base of the beak
known as the snood. The snood is longer in males and hangs down over the male turkey’s
beak. A turkey has a wattle under its beak and fleshy growths on the head and neck called
caruncles.
​ A male turkey, or a Tom, has a tuft of long, bristle-like fibers attached to the breast, as
shown in Figure 5. This tuft is referred to as a beard.

F.​ The Major External Parts of a Goose

​ Geese have many of the same basic external parts as ducks and other fowl, such
as chickens. Figure 6 illustrates the external parts of a goose’s body. Some breeds of geese
have features that others do not. For example, as shown in Figure 7, some breeds have a
horny knob at the base of the bill and/or a dewlap, which is a loose growth of skin extending
from the base of the lower bill to the upper throat.
Figure 6. Parts of a male Toulouse goose​ Figure 7. Parts of the head of a male African
​ ​ ​ ​ goose
Source: https://poultry.extension.org/articles/poultry-anatomy/external-anatomy-of-geese/

G.​ The Major External parts of a Cattle

The external anatomy of dairy cattle and beef cattle is quite similar, as both types of
cattle belong to the same species, Bos taurus. However, there are some differences
that can be observed, especially when it comes to body conformation and specific
traits that have been selectively bred for in each type of cattle.
Source: Beef Cattle Discovery - Parts | Animal & Food Sciences (uky.edu)
H.​ The External Anatomy of the Swine
Source: External Parts of a Pig Quiz (purposegames.com)

I.​ The External Anatomy of the Goat

Source: Goat Anatomy: Parts of a Goat in English with Pictures • 7ESL

J.​ The External Anatomy of the Sheep

Source: file (education.gov.gy)

References: (APA)