Scribd
Upload
21 views5 pages

Day 3 - SQL Commands - Youtube

Uploaded by

santhosh G
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
21 views5 pages

Day 3 - SQL Commands - Youtube

Uploaded by

santhosh G
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Day 3 -

Primary Key, Composite Primary Key, Unique Key.

create table student(


first_name varchar(20) not null,
last_name varchar(20) not null,
age int not null,
course_enrolled varchar(20) not null default 'Data Analytics',
course_fee int not null
);

insert into student(first_name,last_name,age,course_fee) values


('Madhavi','Kumari',24,40000);
insert into student(first_name,last_name,age,course_fee) values
('Madhavi','Kumari',24,40000);

select * from student;


drop table student;

CREATE A TABLE WITH AN "ID"COLUMN


create table student(
id int,
first_name varchar(20) not null,
last_name varchar(20) not null,
age int not null,
course_enrolled varchar(20) not null default 'Data Analytics',
course_fee int not null
);

insert into student(id,first_name,last_name,age,course_fee) values


(1,'Madhavi','Kumari',24,40000);
insert into student(id,first_name,last_name,age,course_fee) values
(1,'Madhavi','Kumari',24,40000);

select * from student;


drop table student;

create table student(


id int primary key,
first_name varchar(20) not null,
last_name varchar(20) not null,
age int not null,
course_enrolled varchar(20) not null default 'Data Analytics',
course_fee int not null
);

insert into student(id,first_name,last_name,age,course_fee) values


(null,'Madhavi','Kumari',24,40000);
--- this will show an error because Primary Key cannot be null.

insert into student(id,first_name,last_name,age,course_fee) values


(1,'Madhavi','Kumari',24,40000);
insert into student(id,first_name,last_name,age,course_fee) values
(1,'Madhavi','Kumari',24,40000);
---this will show an error that primary key cannot be duplicate

insert into student(id,first_name,last_name,age,course_fee) values


(2,'Madhavi','Kumari',24,40000);
select * from student;
drop table student;

create table student(


id int,
first_name varchar(20) not null,
last_name varchar(20) not null,
age int not null,
course_enrolled varchar(20) not null default 'Data Analytics',
course_fee int not null,
primary key(id)
);

insert into student(id,first_name,last_name,age,course_fee) values


(1,'Madhavi','Kumari',24,40000);
insert into student(id,first_name,last_name,age,course_fee) values
(2,'Madhavi','Kumari',24,40000);

COMPOSITE PRIMARY KEY


create table sales_rep(
rep_fname varchar(20) not null,
rep_lname varchar(20) not null,
salary int not null
);

insert into sales_rep(rep_fname,rep_lname,salary) values('Anil','Sharma',25000),


('Ankit','Verma',30000),('Anil','Sharma',25000);

select * from sales_rep;


drop table sales_rep;

create table sales_rep(


rep_fname varchar(20) not null,
rep_lname varchar(20) not null,
salary int not null,
primary key(rep_fname,rep_lname)
);

insert into sales_rep(rep_fname,rep_lname,salary) values('Anil','Sharma',25000),


('Ankit','Verma',30000),('Anil','Sharma',25000);
--- will throw an error

insert into sales_rep(rep_fname,rep_lname,salary) values('Anil','Sharma',25000),


('Ankit','Verma',30000),('Sunil','Sharma',25000);

select * from sales_rep;

Primary Key is used to recognize each record in a distinct manner, it will not
accept nulls and there can be only one Primary Key in a table.
Primary Key could be on multiple columns - Composite Primary Key.
___________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________

UNIQUE KEY - ALLOW ONLY DISTINCT VALUES TO BE ENTERED IN A FIELD.


A Table can have multiple Unique Keys. Null entries are allowed.

create table email_registration(


f_name varchar(20) not null,
l_name varchar(20) not null,
email varchar(50) not null
);

insert into email_registration values ('Mohan','Bhargav','[email protected]');


insert into email_registration values ('Mohan','Bhajpai','[email protected]');

select * from email_registration;


--- 2 people with the same email id, whic should not be allowed

drop table email_registration;


create table email_registration(
f_name varchar(20),
l_name varchar(20),
email varchar(50) unique,
primary key(f_name,l_name)
);

insert into email_registration values ('Mohan','Bhargav','[email protected]');


insert into email_registration values ('Mohan','Bhajpai',null);
---will be allowed

drop table email_registration;


create table email_registration(
f_name varchar(20) not null,
l_name varchar(20) not null,
email varchar(50) not null unique key,
primary key(f_name,l_name)
);

desc email_registration;

insert into email_registration values ('Mohan','Bhargav','[email protected]');


insert into email_registration values ('Mohan','Bhajpai','[email protected]');
--- second insert statement will throw an error "duplicate entry)

insert into email_registration values ('Mohan','Bhajpai',null);


---wont work as 'null' is given for email, which voilates the not null constraint

insert into email_registration values


('Mohan','Bhajpai','[email protected]');

insert into email_registration values ('Sakshi',null,'[email protected]');


insert into email_registration values ('Sakshi','Rajpoot','[email protected]');

select * from email_registration;


UNIQUE KEY is used to make sure unique values (no duplicates) are entered into a
field.
UNIQUE KEY can take NULL also, and we can have multiple unique keys in a table.
___________________________________________________________________________________
______________

Difference between Primary Key and Unique Key -


1) There can be only 1 Primary key, whereas there can be multiple Unique Keys
2) Primary Key cannot be NULL, whereas Unique Key could be NULL
___________________________________________________________________________________
______________
Foreign Key Constraint
___________________________________________________________________________________
_______

Create a table employee-


create table employee(
id serial primary key,
f_nm varchar(20) not null,
l_nm varchar(20) not null,
age int not null,
location varchar(20) not null default 'Hyderabad',
dept varchar(20) not null
);

Insert some values into it -


insert into employee (f_nm,l_nm,age,dept) values ('mohan','bhargav',30,'IT'),
('manoj','bajpai',35,'HR'),('Rani','Kumari',40,'Finance');

Create a Department table with the names of all the departments in the company -
create table department(
dept_name varchar(30) primary key,
dept_head varchar(30)
);

desc table department;


Insert data into the departments table -
insert into department (dept_name,dept_head) values ('IT','Ravi Kiran'),
('Finance',null),('HR','Swati Rao');

Insert more records into employee with new departments -


insert into employee (f_nm,l_nm,age,dept) values
('priya','darshini',30,'HealthCare');

Add the foreign key contraint -


alter table employee add foreign key(dept) references department(dept_name);
This will fail as we already have a record with Health Care.

Let's delete that record.


delete from employee where f_nm = 'priya';

Now add the constraint -


alter table employee add foreign key(dept) references department(dept_name);

Now try inserting a record with a deparment name that is not in the department
table -
insert into employee (f_nm,l_nm,age,dept) values
('priya','darshini',30,'HealthCare');

insert into employee (f_nm,l_nm,age,dept) values ('priya','darshini',30,'IT');

Now let's try to delete a department from the department table -


delete from department where dept_name = 'HR';

This is not allowed due to the foreign key constraint.

Suppose, there is no data in employee table with that department, then what would
happen -
delete from employee where dept = 'HR';
Now, the (delete from department where dept_name = "HR";) statement will work.
___________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________

You might also like