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LEC2

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21 views13 pages

LEC2

Uploaded by

abdulbasidu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Steps involved in systems approach

Three major steps involved in a systems


approach:
• Systems analysis
• Systems design and development
• Systems operation and evaluation
Systems Analysis
Systems analysis is concerned with –
• Task of analyzing a system in the form of
identifying its elements, their organization,
their function or performance individually or
as a whole.
• This helps to determine the need to make
adjustment to ensure the achievement of
system, namely inputs, process, outputs, and
environmental constraints.
Systems Analysis
• It helps the designer of the system to identify
the constraints that interfere in the
attainment of system objectives.
• Through this analysis, the appropriateness of
the system objectives in view of the structure
and functioning of the system may also be
properly evaluated.
Systems Design and Development
• Systems design and development is related with
the task of synthesizing.
• Here, attempts are made to design and develop
the system on the basis of the finding of the
results.
The main activities undertaken in this step are:
• Determination of the objectives of a system.
• Selection of appropriate devices, methods,
strategies and approaches.
• Formulating a scheme of comprehensive
programmes for the working of the system in
relation to its parameters and the stipulated
objectives.
Systems Operation and Evaluation
• It is concerned with the actual operation of a
system
• Evaluation is done in terms of the stipulated
objectives for providing necessary feedback to
bring desirable improvement and modification
in the structure and functioning of the system.
• If the outputs of a system meet the
expectations or requirements of the stipulated
objectives or norms, the system can be
allowed to carry on.
Cont..
The need for bringing necessary alternation or
improvement in the system is felt, if there is a
discrepancy between the two. It can be done in
some of the following way:
• Manipulating the elements or inputs of the
system.
• Pulling the functions of elements or inputs.
• Controlling the process and interaction among the
elements of the system.
• Manipulating the environmental constraints of
the system.
Cont..

• In this way, the system may be restructured,


reorganized and its functioning may be
re-planned and re-operated in view of
achieving better results.
• These processes are continued till the aim of
getting best results in terms of the stipulated
objectives with greater economy, precision
and accuracy is not achieved.
Education System
Instructional system
Systems Approach to the Instructional
System
Major steps are:
• Formulation of instructional objectives
• Pre-assessment of student-entering behaviour
• Designing & development of the system
• Operation or implementation phase
• Evaluation of outcomes
• Improvement of the system
Systems approach to education
Purpose served by systems approach in education:
• It can effectively improve the instructional system.
• It can bring efficiency in the school administration and
management.
• It may help in seeking the maximum effective
utilization of the men and material resources.
• A systematic educational planning (institutional,
regional or national) in terms of long-range goals and
specific short-range objectives can be done by it.
Systems approach to education (cont.)
• It may help in improving the examination and
evaluation system.
• Improvement in the organization of
co-curricular activities and other educational
aspects of bringing cognitive and affective
development of the pupils can be brought.
• It may help in maintaining, controlling and
improving the guidance services of the
schools.
Systems approach to education (cont.)
• It may help in improving the training and
development programmes, e.g., the training of
teachers (pre-service and in-service) may be
effectively improved.
• It may prove an invaluable means for designing,
controlling and improving the systems of
non-formal and adult education.
• Over and above, it may render valuable services in
improving the quality of education in all its
aspects and dimension.

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