1A CHAPTER 1 LINEAR EOUATIONS

Exercise 1.1
l. Without using a calculator evaluate
(a) 10 x (-2) (b) (-1) x (-3) (c) (-8)':- 2 (O (-5) * (-5)
(e124 + (-2s (f) (-lo) x (-5) '''
tsl 4
-4
ffi+-9
.-- 2x(-6)
(i) (-6) x 5 x (-1) (j)
x 3

C_D

2. Without using a calculator evaluate

(a)5-6 (b)-l-z (c)6-17 @J-7+23

(e) -7 - (-6) (f) -4 - 9 (sr 7 - (-4) (h) -e - (-9)

(i,t2-43 (jJ2+6-10
3. Without using a calculator evaluate

(a)5x2-13 (b)++
_rg ,.,S*{1
'2_ 3
(d)5x(r-4)

(e)1-6x7 Af ++^o*1 G)2x(-3)2 (hl-10+22

(i) (2)':-5x6+ I cl t9Sfr9

a. Simplifi each of the following algebraic expressions:
(a)2xPxQ (b)/x8 (c)3xxxY
(d)4xqxwxz (elbxb $)kx3xk
5. simplifr the following algebraic expressions by collecting like terms:
(a)6w -3w+l2w+4w (b)6r+ 5y-2x-l2y
(c) 3a-2b+6a-c+4b-c (d)21+4x-f -2x
(e)2cd+4c-5dc (f) 5st+s2-3ts +P+9

6. Without using a calculator find the value of the following:

(a, -y when x = 7 and Y = 4-
2rc

$)t-5x+l2whenr=6.
(cJ 2m3 when m = 10.
(d) 5fg2+ 29 when/: 2 and' g=f'

(e) 2v + 4w - (4v* 7r'r) when v = 20 and w = 10'

7. lf x =2 and) = -3 evaluate
(al2x+y (b)x-Y Gl3x+4Y
(d) ry (e) 5ry $l 4x - 6xY
 SECTION I.I INTRODUCTION TO ALGEBRA 19

; a. (a) Without using a calculator, work out the value of (-4)r.

(b) Press the following key sequence on your calculator:

EEN
Explain carefirlly why this does not give the same result as part (a) and give an alterna-
tive key sequence that does give the correct answer.

9. Without using a calculator work out

(a) (5 - 2)': (b) 52 - 22

Is it true in general that (a - b)'= a2 - b'?

lO. Use your calculator to work out the following. Round your answet if necessary, to
2 decimal places.

(a) 5.31 x - ]- }tz

8.4',1 (b) (8.34 + 2.27)19.4r
(c) 9.53 - 3.21 + 4.02 (d) Z.4l x 0.09 - 1.67 x 0.03
(el 45.76 - (2.5s + 15.83) (f) (3.4s - 5.38)2

(q) 4.s6(9.02 + 4.73) (h) 6.85/(2.59 + 0.28)

11. Multiply out the brackets:

7(x-y)
(a) (b) 2y)
3(5x- (c) 4(x+ 3) (d) 7(3x- 1)
(e)3(x+y+z) (f) x(3x-4) (O)y+22-2(x+3y-z)
12. Factorise

(a) 25c + 30 (b) 9x- 18 (c) f + L,c

(d) l6x - l2y (el 4f - 6xy (f) lgd - l5e + 50

13. Multiply out the brackets:
(a) (x+ 2)(x+5) (b) (a+ g(a-t) (c) (d+ 3Xd- 8) (d) (2s+3)(3s+7)
(e) (2y+3Xy+ 1) (f) (5r+2)(2t-7) (s)(3r? +2)(3n-2) (h) (a- b)(a-b)
l . Simplifr the following expressions by collecting together like terms:

{a) 2x + 3y + 4x * y (D 2f * 5x + 9l + 2x * 3

(c) 5.q, + 2x +9yx (d) Txyz + 3yx - 2zyx + yzx - xy

(e) 2(5a + b) - 4b (f) 5(x - 4y) + 6(2x + 7y\
(S) 5 - 3(p -Z) (h).r(x -y +7) + xy +3x
15. Use the formula for the diflerence of two squares to factorise

(a) I -4 (b) e' - 49 (c) .l - y, (d) 9l - 100y2

15. Simplify the following algebraic expressions:

(a) 3x- 4f -2+ 5x+81 (b)x(3x +2) -3x(x+5)

20 crltflrt U].EAR EouATtoNs

Exerclse 1.1*
l. Without using a calculator evaluate
(al (12-8)-(6*5) (b') t2-(8-6)-s (cl t2-8*6-s
2. Put a pair of brackets in the left-hand side of each of the following to give correct
statements:

(a)2-7 -9+3=-17
(b)8-2+3-4=-l
(cl7-2-6+10=l
3. Without using a calculator work out the value of each of the following expressions in the
case when a = 3, b = -4 and c = -2:
(a) a(b- c) (b) 3c(a + b) (c) a2 + 2b + 3c (d) 2abc2
t+b
(e)
2a
$, Jxb' -
') ,n,*-+ (h)5a-b3-4&

4. Without using a calculator evaluate each of the following expressions in the case when
x=-l,y=-2andz=3:

(a)f+f+z (b)
x'+y'+z \ (c) ryz(x+
z\z - y)
x+2xy-z ) (x+y\(x- z)

5. Multiply out the brackets and simplify

1x - y)(x + )) - (-{ + 2)(x - y + 3)

6. Simplifr
(a)x-y-(y-x) (b) (x- ((y -x) -y)) (c) x+y -(x-y) - (x- (y -x))
7. Multiply out the brackets:
(a)(x+4Xx-6) (b)(2r_ 5)(3x-7) (c)2x(3x+y-2)
(d) (3+ il@-2s+h) (e) (2r+y)(l -x-y) (tl (a+b+c)(a-b-c)
8. Factorise
(a) 9x - I2y (blf-6x (c) l0ry+ l5l
(d)3ry2 -6fy+rby (e) f -2f (f) 60xay6 - l5tya + 20ry3
9. Use the formula for the difference of two squares to factorise

6, p2 - 25 (b, gc2
- 64 (cl32l - 5od2 {il tero - ,o
1O. Evaluate the following without using a calculator:

(a) 50 5632 * 49 4372 (b) 9d - 89.992

kt 75* - 5412 G) 123 4567892 * 123 4567882