002:

FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

2. Languages, Software and Operating Systems

Department of Computing and Information Technology TuK

B. Tech. Degree Applied Biology School of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences BSc Degree School of Health and Biomedical Sciences
Degree School of Physics and Earth Sciences (SPES)and School of Chemistry and Material Science (SCMS) BSc Degree School of Mathematics And Actuarial Sciences
Btech Degree Applied Statistics School of Mathematics And Actuarial Sciences Diploma in Technology Diploma Health Records/Diploma Health Records and I.T./ School of
Biological and Life Sciences/School of Health and Biomedical Sciences Diploma of Technology in Tourism and Travel Management/Event and Convention Management/Hotel
and Restaurant Management Year 1 Semester 1

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING APPLICATIONS/Introduction to Computers/Computer Applications/Information Technology I

/Introduction to Information Technology/Information And Communication Technology

SUBJECT CODE: SABI 1121 SSFI 1205 SHBQ 1215 SHNQ 1114 SHMC 1341 SPPI 1103 SSEI 1105 SPPI 1103 SMMQ 1191 SMSI 1141 SHHE 3203 SHHE 3208
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3208

OVERVIEW
1. Introduction & Attendance Registration
2. Lecture 2 Aims & Objectives
3. Lecture 2 Outline
4. Chapter from Recommended Reading List
5. Lecture Topic
6. Q&A

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1) To introduce students to broad Computing and programming theories.

2) To equip students with the knowledge and skills to manage, develop and use Computer h/w,
s/w and Information Technology algorithms to solve problems

3) To develop students’ knowledge and expertise in the use of Computing tools and techniques
and languages e.g. HTML

4) To guide student’s perception of the importance of Computing in the digital economy the
end result of which will be development and presentation of a final programming project

5) To expose students to state of the art processes, systems and research that will shape and
transform Computing over the next decade.
http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS:
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LECTURE OUTLINE http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke

1. Concepts, applications, features of s/w

2. Operating Systems (Definition, Types, functions, uses,
characteristics,)
3. Word processing systems
4. Spreadsheets
5. Databases and database management(Free Form DB, Flat-File
DB. Relational DB)
6. Powerpoint Presentations
7. Graphic publishing systems
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS:
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RECOMMENDED READING LIST

1.) “Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and

Software” Charles Petzold 1999

2.) CS50’s Introduction to Computer Science" (edX)

3) Chapter 2 from the book “Using information

technology : a practical introduction to computers &
communications” Irwin/McGraw-Hill, 1999, 3rd Edition

http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS:

SABI 1121 SSFI 1205 SHBQ 1215 SHNQ 1114 SHMC 1341 SPPI 1103 SSEI 1105 SPPI 1103 SMMQ 1191 SMSI 1141 SHHE 3203 SHHE 3208

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS:
FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: S/W
Concepts, applications, features of s/w
Operating Systems
Word processing systems
Spreadsheets
Databases and database management
Powerpoint Presentations
Graphic publishing systems

http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS:

SABI 1121 SSFI 1205 SHBQ 1215 SHNQ 1114 SHMC 1341 SPPI 1103 SSEI 1105 SPPI 1103 SMMQ 1191 SMSI 1141 SHHE 3203 SHHE 3208

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS; COMPUTERS AS POWER TOOLS FOR AN INFORMATION AGE, COMPUTER

SYSTEMS, TYPES OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS, HISTORY OF COMPUTER PROCESSING

Bill Gates

“the first rule of any technology is that automation applied

to an efficient operation will magnify the efficiency; the
second rule is that automation applied to an inefficient
operation will magnify the inefficiency”

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1. DEFINITIONS, CHARACTERISTICS & FUNCTIONS

http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS:

 SABI 1121 SSFI 1205 SHBQ 1215 SHNQ 1114 SHMC 1341 SPPI 1103 SSEI 1105 SPPI 1103 SMMQ 1191 SMSI 1141 SHHE 3203 SHHE 3208

FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

1.Software:- DEFINITIONS, CHARACTERISTICS & FUNCTIONS

Computer software
-Computerised instructions that:

i) Operate h/w,

ii) Execute particular functions or tasks,

iii) Manipulate data.

-Must be programmed to perform various functions i.e. to instruct the

computer how it should perform a task
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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

1.Software:- DEFINITIONS, CHARACTERISTICS & FUNCTIONS

Computer software
-Written in a programming language the computer understands

-Control workings/operation of h/w

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 SABI 1121 SSFI 1205 SHBQ 1215 SHNQ 1114 SHMC 1341 SPPI 1103 SSEI 1105 SPPI 1103 SMMQ 1191 SMSI 1141 SHHE 3203 SHHE 3208

FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

1.Software:- DEFINITIONS, CHARACTERISTICS & FUNCTIONS

Types of Computer software
Software can be broadly classified in two categories:

-System software (e.g Operating system s/w, device drivers, system

utilities, etc.)

-Applications software (e.g. programming languages, translator

software, loader s/w, linker s/w etc.)

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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w
Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

1.Software:- Types, Choice, Requirements,

TYPES OF S/W SYSTEM S/W
-Set of programs coordinating & controlling:

-Basic computer operations (e.g. start-up, printing etc.),

-Activities & functions of h/w & other programs

-Designed for a specific CPU and class of hardware.

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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w
Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

1.Software:- Types, Choice, Requirements,

TYPES OF S/W SYSTEM S/W
-Provide basic functions performed by computer.

-Necessary for functioning of computer

-Interacts with h/w at one end and with application software at

the other end.

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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w
Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems
1.Software:- Types, Choice,
Requirements,
TYPES OF S/W SYSTEM
S/W
-2 Categories of Computer
software:-

i) For management and

functionality of the
computer

ii)for Development of
application software
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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w
Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

1.Software:- Types, Choice, Requirements,

TYPES OF S/W SYSTEM S/W 2 Categories of Computer software:-

System software for MANAGEMENT AND FUNCTIONALITY OF THE

COMPUTER:
-For the functioning of different computer components (e.g. processor, input
and output devices etc.)

System software for DEVELOPMENT OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE(application

software development):
-Provides services and software tools required for the development and
execution of application software.
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 SABI 1121 SSFI 1205 SHBQ 1215 SHNQ 1114 SHMC 1341 SPPI 1103 SSEI 1105 SPPI 1103 SMMQ 1191 SMSI 1141 SHHE 3203 SHHE 3208

FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

1.Software:- Types, Choice, Requirements,

TYPES OF S/W APPLICATION S/W
- Programs that run on system software

-Helps users complete a task.

-Allows users to accomplish specific tasks e.g. word processing,

drawing charts etc. which provides the desired functionality.

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 SABI 1121 SSFI 1205 SHBQ 1215 SHNQ 1114 SHMC 1341 SPPI 1103 SSEI 1105 SPPI 1103 SMMQ 1191 SMSI 1141 SHHE 3203 SHHE 3208

FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

1.Software:- Types, Choice, Requirements,

TYPES OF S/W OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)
DEFINITION OF O.S.
-Application S/W that intermediates between user and computer h/w.

-Controls and coordinates use of h/w among different application s/w

and end users.

-Provides an interface convenient for users to use computer h/w

-Facilitates efficient operations of computer system resources.

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 SABI 1121 SSFI 1205 SHBQ 1215 SHNQ 1114 SHMC 1341 SPPI 1103 SSEI 1105 SPPI 1103 SMMQ 1191 SMSI 1141 SHHE 3203 SHHE 3208

FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

1.Software:- Types, Choice, Requirements,

TYPES OF S/W OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)
KEY FUNCTIONS:
-Provide an environment in which users and application s/w can
work.

-Manage different computer resources (e.g. CPU time, memory

space, file storage, I/O devices etc.) and allocate them efficiently
whenever they are required by other programs or users using the
computer.

http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke
 SABI 1121 SSFI 1205 SHBQ 1215 SHNQ 1114 SHMC 1341 SPPI 1103 SSEI 1105 SPPI 1103 SMMQ 1191 SMSI 1141 SHHE 3203 SHHE 3208

FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

1.Software:- Types, Choice, Requirements,

TYPES OF S/W OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)
KEY FUNCTIONS:
-Control execution of different programs to prevent occurrence of error.

-Provide a convenient interface which facilitates use of computer by the

user through commands and graphical interface,

EXAMPLES OF O.S.
-Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS), Windows, Linux, UNIX, Mac
OS
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 SABI 1121 SSFI 1205 SHBQ 1215 SHNQ 1114 SHMC 1341 SPPI 1103 SSEI 1105 SPPI 1103 SMMQ 1191 SMSI 1141 SHHE 3203 SHHE 3208

FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

1.Software:- Types, Choice, Requirements,

TYPES OF S/W
COMPUTER PROGRAM
-Sequence of instructions for the computer

- Can be executed by the computer to carry out a process

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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

1.Software:- Types, Choice, Requirements,

TYPES OF S/W
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE: DEFINITION
-Set of vocabulary and grammatical rules used to express
computations and tasks a computer performs.

-Instructs the computer to execute certain tasks.

 SABI 1121 SSFI 1205 SHBQ 1215 SHNQ 1114 SHMC 1341 SPPI 1103 SSEI 1105 SPPI 1103 SMMQ 1191 SMSI 1141 SHHE 3203 SHHE 3208

FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

1.Software:- Types, Choice, FUNCTIONS OF PROGRAMMING

Requirements, LANGUAGES
TYPES OF S/W -Used to Write programs that:
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE:
-Each language has a unique set of Control behavior of a
keywords only it understands and a computer
special syntax for organizing program
instructions. Codify algorithms precisely,

-Programming languages should be Enable human-computer

understood both by the programmer interface.
writing the program and the computer.
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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems
2. s/w:- Definition, Evolution, Fundamentals
-Programs written in programming language are called source
code

-Classified into three broad categories:

Machine Language

Assembly Language

High Level Languages

http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS:
 SABI 1121 SSFI 1205 SHBQ 1215 SHNQ 1114 SHMC 1341 SPPI 1103 SSEI 1105 SPPI 1103 SMMQ 1191 SMSI 1141 SHHE 3203 SHHE 3208

FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

1.Software:- Types, Choice, Requirements,

TYPES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
MACHINE LANGUAGE (aka LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE aka machine
code aka object code)

-String/Collection of binary digits or bits(Numbers e.g. 0s and 1s) the

computer reads and interprets (only the computer can understand)

-Used to write system software

- System of instructions and data executed directly by computer's CPU.

http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke
 SABI 1121 SSFI 1205 SHBQ 1215 SHNQ 1114 SHMC 1341 SPPI 1103 SSEI 1105 SPPI 1103 SMMQ 1191 SMSI 1141 SHHE 3203 SHHE 3208

FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

1.Software:- Types, Choice, Requirements,

TYPES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
MACHINE LANGUAGE (aka LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE aka machine
code aka object code)

-Machine language is defined by the h/w of a computer.

-It is machine dependent (depends on the type of processor/processor

family of the computer)

http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke
 SABI 1121 SSFI 1205 SHBQ 1215 SHNQ 1114 SHMC 1341 SPPI 1103 SSEI 1105 SPPI 1103 SMMQ 1191 SMSI 1141 SHHE 3203 SHHE 3208

FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

1.Software:- Types, Choice, Requirements,

TYPES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
MACHINE LANGUAGE (aka LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE aka machine
code aka object code)
-It is difficult to write a program in machine language as it has to be
written in binary code (e.g.00010001 11001001)

-Such programs are also difficult to modify.

-Therefore programs are hardly written in machine language.

http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke
 SABI 1121 SSFI 1205 SHBQ 1215 SHNQ 1114 SHMC 1341 SPPI 1103 SSEI 1105 SPPI 1103 SMMQ 1191 SMSI 1141 SHHE 3203 SHHE 3208

FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

1.Software:- Types, Choice, Requirements,

TYPES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
MACHINE LANGUAGE (aka LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE aka machine
code aka object code)
FEATURES:
-Computers understand programs written in machine language

- Programs written in machine language can be executed very fast

http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke
 SABI 1121 SSFI 1205 SHBQ 1215 SHNQ 1114 SHMC 1341 SPPI 1103 SSEI 1105 SPPI 1103 SMMQ 1191 SMSI 1141 SHHE 3203 SHHE 3208

FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems
1.Software:- Types, Choice, Requirements,
TYPES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE(aka LOW LEVEL)
-Between machine language and high-level language.

-Similar to machine language but easier to program in

-Allow programmers to substitute names for numbers.

-Used to write system software

http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke
 SABI 1121 SSFI 1205 SHBQ 1215 SHNQ 1114 SHMC 1341 SPPI 1103 SSEI 1105 SPPI 1103 SMMQ 1191 SMSI 1141 SHHE 3203 SHHE 3208

FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

1.Software:- Types, Choice, Requirements,

TYPES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE(aka LOW LEVEL)
-Programs written in assembly language use symbolic representation
based on abbreviations (mnemonics) of machine code to program a CPU.

-Representation defined by CPU manufacturer to help programmer

remember individual instructions, registers, etc.

-Small, English-like representation is used to write programs in assembly

language
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 SABI 1121 SSFI 1205 SHBQ 1215 SHNQ 1114 SHMC 1341 SPPI 1103 SSEI 1105 SPPI 1103 SMMQ 1191 SMSI 1141 SHHE 3203 SHHE 3208

FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

1.Software:- Types, Choice, Requirements,

TYPES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE(aka
LOW LEVEL)
FEATURES
-Easier to write than machine language

-Use short, English-like representation of machine code

-Programs written in assembly language are source code

http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke
 SABI 1121 SSFI 1205 SHBQ 1215 SHNQ 1114 SHMC 1341 SPPI 1103 SSEI 1105 SPPI 1103 SMMQ 1191 SMSI 1141 SHHE 3203 SHHE 3208

FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

1.Software:- Types, Choice, Requirements,

TYPES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE(aka
LOW LEVEL)
FEATURES
-Can be converted into machine (aka object code) using translator
software (aka assembler).

-Assembly language programs are machine-dependent.

-Difficult to write and are generally written where efficiency and speed of
program are critical (i.e. programs requiring high speed and efficiency)
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 SABI 1121 SSFI 1205 SHBQ 1215 SHNQ 1114 SHMC 1341 SPPI 1103 SSEI 1105 SPPI 1103 SMMQ 1191 SMSI 1141 SHHE 3203 SHHE 3208

FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems
1.Software:- Types, Choice, Requirements,
TYPES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE
-Easier to understand and use for the programmer but difficult for
computer.

-High level language program needs to be converted into machine language

first so the computer understands them.

-This process of conversion is known as either compiling or interpreting.

-Used to write application software

http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke
 Generation of Computers s/w

ERA 1st Gen 1940-1956 2nd Gen 1956-1963 3rd Gen 1964-1971 4th Gen 5th Gen
(micro electronic era) 1971-present 2030-?A.I. and Quantum
Computing

MACHINE ASSEMBLY HIGH Object Oriented A.I. PROGRAMMING

LANGUAGE LANGUAGE LEVEL PROGRAMMING High level LANGUAGES E.G.
LANGUAGE Programming PYTHON
Languages e.g.
NET Scripting
languages
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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

2. WORD PROCESSING SYSTEMS

http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS:

 SABI 1121 SSFI 1205 SHBQ 1215 SHNQ 1114 SHMC 1341 SPPI 1103 SSEI 1105 SPPI 1103 SMMQ 1191 SMSI 1141 SHHE 3203 SHHE 3208

FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems
INTRODUCTION
• Word processing is the most common computer application

• Word processors enable you to format documents i.e.:-

• Create,
• Store,
• Display,
• Modify/edit,
• Print

• Different word processing programs offer a wide range of different tools and
functions to perform the above tasks
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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

INTRODUCTION
• Word saves documents with .doc extension.
• Useful for:
• Creating and inserting graphics in documents (e.g. pictures, charts, and diagrams)
• Storing and reusing ready-made content and formatted elements (e.g. cover pages,
sidebars)
• Making changes without retyping the entire document
• Correcting typing errors/mistakes (typos) using the cursor
• Rearranging and formatting text
• Change the layout
• Create documents e.g. office memo, legal copies, reference documents etc.
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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems
FEATURES OF WORD PROCESSORS
• The following are the main features of word processors:
• Insert, delete, copy, cut, and paste text anywhere in the document
• Adjust page setup, headers and footer, margins and page lengths
• Layout:-specify different margins
• Search and replace particular words/characters in a document
• Add graphics to a document
• Spell checker and thesaurus: check and modify spelling
• Place captions and cross references to describe graphics
• Font specifications: change fonts within a document
• Create table of content and indexes
• Print http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke
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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

2. DATABASE AND DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

INTRODUCTION
-A database is a collection of related data
-Database systems build and populate related data to accomplish a certain task.
-Database Management Systems (DBMS) are softwares for storing and retrieving user data

-It consists of a group of programs which manipulate the database.

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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

INTRODUCTION
FEATURES OF DBMS
-DBMS helps users and other third-party software to store and retrieve data.

-DBMS allows users to create their own databases

-DBMS provides an interface between the data and the software application.
-

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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems
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INTRODUCTION

-Information stored inside a database is represented using data modeling.

-Data model describes the structure of a database. A data model consists of components
for describing the data, the relationships among them, and the semantics of data and the
constraints that hold data. Many data models exist based on the way they describe the
structure of database. The data models are generally divided into three categories as
follows: High level or conceptual Data Model, Representation or implementation Data
Model, and Low level or physical Data Model Schema is the logical structure of the
database. A schema contains information about the descriptions of the database like the
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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

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ADVANTAGES OF DATABASE
-Provides security and removes redundancy

-Supports multiple views of the data

-Sharing of data

-Supports multi-user environment that allows users to access and manipulate data in parallel.
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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems
 SABI 1121 SSFI 1205 SHBQ 1215 SHNQ 1114 SHMC 1341 SPPI 1103 SSEI 1105 SPPI 1103 SMMQ 1191 SMSI 1141 SHHE 3203 SHHE 3208

FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems
BASICS OF DB OBJECTS
FILE DATA TYPES TABLE QUERY FORM REPORT MACROS MODULE

file for properties object answer to a DB object to object in DB mini procedures/

storing the of each DB which stores question by create a user for computer functions
entire DB field e.g. data in Row selecting, interface for formatting, programmin which you
text, & Column sorting and a DB calculating, g constructs can write
number, format filtering application printing, and to set up
date, etc. data based summarizing commands
on search select data and
criteria processes
e.g.search,
move to
another
record, run
a formula
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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

3. SPREADSHEET APPLICATION SOFTWARE

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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

INTRODUCTION
• Spreadsheet (aka worksheet) is a computer program that presents raw data (e.g.
numbers and text) in a grid of intersecting rows and columns(cells) referred to as a
worksheet.

• A worksheet (aka spreadsheet) is a two-dimensional grid of intersecting

columns and rows (cells).

• You define what type of data goes into a cell and how different cells RELATE To one
another.
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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

INTRODUCTION
• Microsoft Excel is an example of a spreadsheet program made up of worksheets
containing rows and columns

• The relationships between cells are called formulas and the names of the cells are
called labels

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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

INTRODUCTION
• A collection of worksheets is called a workbook

• When Excel starts it opens a default workbook with 3 blank worksheets

• Names of worksheets are displayed on tabs at the bottom of the Excel window

• Cells store data, information, formulas & functions to perform complex maths
calculations http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke
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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w
Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

SPREADSHEET INTERFACE PARTS

• When you start the SPREADSHEET application on your PC, you will see the
following interface window

• These windows contains various important parts and three blank default
worksheets.

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 • Rows are represented by numbers and columns are represented by letters

• Each worksheet = 6,384 columns and 1,048,576 rows ( 51,539,607,552 blank cells)

• 3 blank worksheets
default
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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

4. PRESENTATION APPLICATION SOFTWARE

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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

INTRODUCTION
• Presentation graphics software Is a software which allows you to create
and edit professional-looking electronic slide shows and presentations

• A slide is an individual data page of a presentation

• Presentation s/w works with slides and presentations rather than

documents (as in Word) or worksheets (as in Excel).
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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

INTRODUCTION
• Many Presentation slides equals a collection of one or more slides saved
in a single data file

• Presentation s/w is designed to be displayed on a computer screen or

with a projector rather than printed.

• Presentation s/w is useful for:

• Presenting information in an organized manner to an individual or group.

• Using clip art, sound clips, movie clips, graphs, organization charts, imported Web
screens, etc. http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke
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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

INTRODUCTION

• Presentation s/w interface is very similar to Word processing s/w or

Spreadsheet s/w:
• It has a Ribbon, buttons, and a status bar.

• The default view of the presentation is called Normal view and consists of three
panels.

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Presentation s/w application interface window and parts
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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

5. GRAPHICS PUBLISHING SYSTEM APPLICATION SOFTWARE

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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w
Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets, Databases and
database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems
DESKTOP PUBLISHING
• Desktop Publisher is a publishing program that helps you design
professional publications e.g:-
• Newsletters, • Greeting card
• Web sites, • Business cards

• Brochures, • Letterheads,
• Catalogues, • Envelopes,
• Business forms,
• Flyers,
• Banners,
• Signs,
• Calendars,
• Postcards,
• Certificates,
• Invitations http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke • Menus
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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

• Consider the following when publishing:

DESKTOP PUBLISHING
• Audience:
• Who,
• Age,
• Education level
• Purpose:
• Awareness,
• Publicity,
• Information
• Tone of publication:
• Casual,
• Conservative,
• Formal http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke
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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w
Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems
• Consider the following when Publishing :

DESKTOP PUBLISHING
• If publishing articles:
• What type of article?

• What length?

• Images:
• will you use clip art?

• If yes then copy and paste from other applications or web;

• Obey copyrights

• if using photos scan them http://elearning.tukenya.ac.ke

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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

INTRODUCTION
• Text and graphics produce professional documents used in advertising and
publishing

• A publication is the file type created in Publishing software.

• Within a publication you can create and modify text and graphic objects on
the pages of that publication
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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems
EXAMPLE OF DESKTOP PUBLISHING S/W: CANVA

• Canva is a web and mobile-based

design tool that makes it easy for
non-designers to create great
images.

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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems
DESKTOP PUBLISHING s/w application interface window and parts

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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems
DESKTOP PUBLISHING s/w application interface window and parts

• Choose
background
from the left
hand menu (as
highlighted in
the diagram

• Select any
background you
like
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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w
Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems

DESKTOP PUBLISHING s/w

application interface window and
parts

• You can Choose ‘text’ from

the left-hand menu.

• You can select any “font

combination” graphic image
you want to use.
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FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: s/w

Concepts, applications, features of s/w Operating Systems, Word processing systems Spreadsheets,
Databases and database management, Powerpoint Presentations, Graphic publishing systems
DESKTOP PUBLISHING s/w application interface window and parts

● Use the ‘download’ button to

download it. Select your
favorite format.

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QUESTION & ANSWER SESSION

ANY
QUESTIONS
?

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