Designation: C76 − 16

Standard Specification for

Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C76; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope Drain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric)

1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe in- C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
tended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures
wastes, and storm water, and for the construction of culverts. for Concrete
C309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-
1.2 This specification is the inch-pound companion to
pounds for Curing Concrete
Specification C76M; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented
C443 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and
in this specification. Reinforced concrete pipe that conform to
Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets
the requirements of C76M, are acceptable under this Specifi-
cation C76 unless prohibited by the Owner. C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
Concrete
NOTE 1—This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specifica- C497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or
tion only, and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the
relationship between field load condition and the strength classification of
Tile
pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
this product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
of bedding and backfill, and care that installation conforms to the Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
construction specifications. The owner of the reinforced concrete pipe
C655 Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-Load
specified herein is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements
with the class of pipe specified and provide inspection at the construction Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
site. C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
NOTE 2—Attention is called to the specification for reinforced concrete Products
D-load culvert, storm drain, and sewer pipe (Specification C655). C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in
2. Referenced Documents Concrete and Mortars
C990 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes,
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint
A36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural Steel Sealants
A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon- C1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
Use in Producing Flowing Concrete
A706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-
C1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
C1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the
A1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and
Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for
C1628 Specification for Joints for Concrete Gravity Flow
Concrete
C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates Sewer Pipe, Using Rubber Gaskets
C76M Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to con-
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
crete pipe, see Terminology C822.
Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.02 on
Reinforced Sewer and Culvert Pipe.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originally 4. Classification
approved in 1930. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C76 - 15a. DOI:
10.1520/C0076-16. 4.1 Pipe manufactured in accordance with this specification
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or shall be of five classes identified as Class I, Class II, Class III,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Class IV, and Class V. The corresponding strength require-
the ASTM website. ments are prescribed in Tables 1-5.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

1
 C76 − 16
TABLE 1 Design Requirements for Class I Reinforced Concrete PipeA
NOTE 1—See Section 5 for basis of acceptance specified by the owner. The strength test requirements in pounds-force per linear foot of pipe under
the three-edge-bearing method shall be either the D-load (test load expressed in pounds-force per linear foot per foot of diameter) to produce a 0.01-in.
crack, or the D-loads to produce the 0.01-in. crack and the ultimate load as specified below, multiplied by the internal diameter of the pipe in feet.
D-load to produce a 0.01-in. crack 800
D-load to produce the ultimate load 1200
Reinforcement, in.2/linear ft of pipe wall
Wall A Wall B
Internal
Concrete Strength, 4000 psi Concrete Strength, 4000 psi
Designated
Diameter, Circular Circular
Wall ReinforcementB Wall ReinforcementB
in. Elliptical Elliptical
Thickness, Thickness,
Inner Outer ReinforcementC Inner Outer ReinforcementC
in. in.
Cage Cage Cage Cage
60 5 0.24 0.15 0.27 6 0.21 0.12 0.23
66 5 1⁄ 2 0.30 0.18 0.33 61⁄2 0.24 0.15 0.27
72 6 0.35 0.21 0.39 7 0.29 0.17 0.32
78 6 1⁄ 2 0.40 0.24 0.44 71⁄2 0.32 0.19 0.36
84 7 0.45 0.27 0.50 8 0.36 0.21 0.41
90 7 1⁄ 2 0.49 0.29 0.54 81⁄2 0.41 0.24 0.45
96 8 0.54 0.32 0.60 9 0.45 0.27 0.51

Concrete Strength, 5000 psi

102 8 1⁄ 2 0.63 0.38 Inner Circular 0.24 91⁄2 0.54 0.32 Inner Circular 0.21
Plus Elliptical 0.38 Plus Elliptical 0.32
108 9 0.68 0.41 Inner Circular 0.27 10 0.60 0.36 Inner Circular 0.24
Plus Elliptical 0.41 Plus Elliptical 0.36
A A
114 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A
120 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A
126 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A
132 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A
138 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A
144 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A
For modified or special designs see 7.2 or with the permission of the owner utilize the provisions of Specification C655. Steel areas may be interpolated between those
shown for variations in diameter, loading, or wall thickness. Pipe over 96 in. in diameter shall have two circular cages or an inner circular plus one elliptical cage.
B
As an alternative to designs requiring both inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned in either of the following manners:
An inner circular cage plus an elliptical cage such that the area of the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage in the table and the total area
of the inner circular cage plus the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in the table,
An inner and outer cage plus quadrant mats in accordance with Fig. 1, or
An inner and outer cage plus an elliptical cage in accordance with Fig. 2.
C
Elliptical and quadrant steel must be held in place by means of holding rods, chairs, or other positive means throughout the entire casting operation.

5. Basis of Acceptance by an absorption test of the concrete from the wall of the pipe
5.1 Unless otherwise designated by the owner at the time of, for each mix design that is used on an order; and by inspection
or before placing an order, there are two separate and alterna- of the finished pipe including amount and placement of
tive bases of acceptance. Independent of the method of reinforcement to determine its conformance with the accepted
acceptance, the pipe shall be designed to meet both the 0.01-in. design and its freedom from defects.
crack and ultimate strength requirements specified in Tables 5.1.3 When agreed upon by the owner and manufacturer,
1-5. any portion or any combination of the tests itemized in 5.1.1 or
5.1.1 Acceptance on the Basis of Plant Load-Bearing Tests, 5.1.2 may form the basis of acceptance.
Material Tests, and Inspection of Manufactured Pipe for Visual 5.2 Age for Acceptance—Pipe shall be considered ready for
Defects and Imperfections—Acceptability of the pipe in all acceptance when it conforms to the requirements as indicated
diameters and classes produced in accordance with 7.1 or 7.2 by the specified tests.
shall be determined by the results of the three-edge bearing
tests as defined in 11.3.1; by such material tests as are required 6. Materials
in 6.2, 6.3, 6.5, and 6.6; by an absorption test of the concrete
6.1 Reinforced Concrete—The reinforced concrete shall
from the wall of the pipe as required in 11.9; and by visual
consist of cementitious materials; mineral aggregates;
inspection of the finished pipe to determine its conformance
admixtures, if used; and water in which steel has been
with the accepted design and its freedom from defects.
embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act
5.1.2 Acceptance on the Basis of Material Tests and Inspec-
together.
tion of Manufactured Pipe for Defects and Imperfections—
Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes produced 6.2 Cementitious materials:
in accordance with 7.1 or 7.2 shall be determined by the results 6.2.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements of
of such material tests as are required in 6.2, 6.3, 6.5, and 6.6; Specification C150/C150M, or shall be portland blast-furnace
by crushing tests on concrete cores or cured concrete cylinders; slag cement, portland-limestone cement, or portland-pozzolan

2
 C76 − 16
TABLE 2 Design Requirements for Class II Reinforced Concrete PipeA
NOTE 1—See Section 5 for basis of acceptance specified by the owner. The strength test requirements in pounds-force per linear foot of pipe under
the three-edge-bearing method shall be either the D-load (test load expressed in pounds-force per linear foot per foot of diameter) to produce a 0.01-in.
crack, or the D-loads to produce the 0.01-in. crack and the ultimate load as specified below, multiplied by the internal diameter of the pipe in feet.
D-load to produce a 0.01-in. crack 1000
D-load to produce the ultimate load 1500
Reinforcement, in.2/linear ft of pipe wall

Internal Wall A Wall B Wall C

Desig- Concrete Strength, 4000 psi Concrete Strength, 4000 psi Concrete Strength, 4000 psi
nated Circular Circular Circular
Wall Wall Wall
Diameter, ReinforcementC ReinforcementC ReinforcementC
Thick- Elliptical Thick- Elliptical Thick- Elliptical
in.
ness, Inner Outer ReinforcementD ness, Inner Outer ReinforcementD ness, Inner Outer ReinforcementD
in. Cage Cage in. Cage Cage in. Cage Cage
12 13⁄4 0.07B ... ... 2 0.07B ... ... 2 3⁄ 4 0.07B ... ...
15 1 7⁄ 8 0.07B ... ... 2 1⁄ 4 0.07B ... ... 3 0.07B ... ...
18 2 0.07B ... 0.07B 2 1⁄ 2 0.07B ... 0.07B 3 1⁄ 4 0.07B ... 0.07B
21 2 1⁄ 4 0.12 ... 0.10 23⁄4 0.07B ... 0.07B 3 1⁄ 2 0.07B ... 0.07B
24 2 1⁄ 2 0.12 ... 0.11 3 0.07B ... 0.07B 3 3⁄ 4 0.07B ... 0.07B
27 2 5⁄ 8 0.15 ... 0.12 31⁄4 0.12 ... 0.11 4 0.07B ... 0.07B
30 2 3⁄ 4 0.15 ... 0.14 31⁄2 0.14 ... 0.12 41⁄4 0.07B ... 0.07B
33 2 7⁄ 8 0.16 ... 0.15 33⁄4 0.15 ... 0.12 41⁄2 0.07B ... 0.07B
36 3 0.14 0.08 0.15 4E 0.12 0.07 0.12 43⁄4 E
0.07 0.07 0.08
42 3 1⁄ 2 0.16 0.10 0.18 41⁄2 0.15 0.09 0.17 51⁄4 0.10 0.07 0.11
48 4 0.21 0.12 0.23 5 0.18 0.11 0.20 53⁄4 0.14 0.08 0.15
54 4 1⁄ 2 0.24 0.15 0.27 51⁄2 0.21 0.12 0.24 61⁄4 0.17 0.10 0.19
60 5 0.30 0.18 0.33 6 0.24 0.15 0.27 63⁄4 0.21 0.12 0.24
66 5 1⁄ 2 0.35 0.21 0.39 61⁄2 0.31 0.19 0.34 71⁄4 0.24 0.15 0.27
72 6 0.41 0.24 0.45 7 0.35 0.21 0.39 73⁄4 0.30 0.18 0.33
78 6 1⁄ 2 0.45 0.27 0.51 71⁄2 0.40 0.24 0.44 81⁄4 0.35 0.21 0.39
84 7 0.51 0.31 0.57 8 0.45 0.27 0.51 83⁄4 0.41 0.24 0.45
90 7 1⁄ 2 0.57 0.34 0.63 81⁄2 0.51 0.31 0.57 91⁄4 0.48 0.29 0.53
96 8 0.62 0.36 0.69 9 0.57 0.34 0.63 93⁄4 0.55 0.33 0.60
Concrete Strength, 5000 psi
102 8 1⁄ 2 0.76 0.45 Inner 0.30 91⁄2 0.68 0.41 Inner 0.27 101⁄4 0.62 0.36 Inner 0.24
Circular Circular Circular
Plus El- 0.45 Plus El- 0.41 Plus El- 0.36
liptical liptical liptical
108 9 0.85 0.51 Inner 0.34 10 0.76 0.45 Inner 0.30 103⁄4 0.70 0.42 Inner 0.27
Circular Circular Circular
Plus El- 0.51 Plus El- 0.45 Plus El- 0.42
liptical liptical liptical
A A A
114 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
120 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
126 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
132 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
138 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
144 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A
For modified or special designs see 7.2 or with the permission of the owner utilize the provisions of Specification C655. Steel areas may be interpolated between those
shown for variations in diameter, loading, or wall thickness. Pipe over 96 in. in diameter shall have two circular cages or an inner circular plus one elliptical cage.
B
For these classes and sizes, the minimum practical steel reinforcement is specified. The specified ultimate strength of non-reinforced pipe is greater than the minimum
specified strength for the equivalent diameters.
C
As an alternative to designs requiring both inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned in either of the following manners:
An inner circular cage plus an elliptical cage such that the area of the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage in the table and the total area
of the inner circular cage plus the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in the table,
An inner and outer cage plus quadrant mats in accordance with Fig. 1, or
An inner and outer cage plus an elliptical cage in accordance with Fig. 2.
D
Elliptical and quadrant steel must be held in place by means of holding rods, chairs, or other positive means throughout the entire casting operation.
E
As an alternative, single cage reinforcement may be used. The reinforcement area in square in. per linear foot shall be 0.20 for wall B and 0.16 for wall C.

cement conforming to the requirements of Specification C595/ 6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,
C595M, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP 6.2.4.2 Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,
portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash. 6.2.4.3 Portland-pozzolan cement only,
6.2.2 Slag Cement—Slag cement shall conform to the re- 6.2.4.4 Portland-limestone cement only,
quirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989/C989M. 6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-
6.2.3 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of limestone cement and slag cement,
Class F or Class C of Specification C618. 6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-
6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materials— limestone cement and fly ash,
The combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete 6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement or portland-
shall be one of the following: limestone cement, slag cement and fly ash, or

3
 C76 − 16
TABLE 3 Design Requirements for Class III Reinforced Concrete PipeA
NOTE 1—See Section 5 for basis of acceptance specified by the owner. The strength test requirements in pounds-force per linear foot of pipe under
the three-edge-bearing method shall be either the D-load (test load expressed in pounds-force per linear foot per foot of diameter) to produce a 0.01-in.
crack, or the D-loads to produce the 0.01-in. crack and the ultimate load as specified below, multiplied by the internal diameter of the pipe in feet.
D-load to produce a 0.01-in. crack 1350
D-load to produce the ultimate load 2000
Reinforcement, in.2/linear ft of pipe wall
Wall A Wall B Wall C
Internal Concrete Strength, 4000 psi Concrete Strength, 4000 psi Concrete Strength, 4000 psi
Designated Circular Circular Circular
Wall Wall Wall
Diameter, in. ReinforcementB ReinforcementB ReinforcementB
Thick- Elliptical Thick- Elliptical Thick- Elliptical
nesses, Inner Outer ReinforcementC nesses, Inner Outer ReinforcementC nesses, Inner Outer ReinforcementC
in. Cage Cage in. Cage Cage in. Cage Cage
12 13⁄4 0.07D ... ... 2 0.07D ... ... 2 3⁄ 4 0.07D ... ...
15 1 7⁄ 8 0.07D ... ... 2 1⁄ 4 0.07D ... ... 3 0.07D ... ...
18 2 0.07D ... 0.07D 2 1⁄ 2 0.07D ... 0.07D 3 1⁄ 4 0.07D ... 0.07D
21 21⁄4 0.14 ... 0.11 23⁄4 0.07D ... 0.07D 3 1⁄ 2 0.07D ... 0.07D
24 21⁄2 0.17 ... 0.14 3 0.07D ... 0.07D 3 3⁄ 4 0.07 ... 0.07D
27 25⁄8 0.18 ... 0.16 31⁄4 0.16 ... 0.14 4 0.08 ... 0.07D
30 23⁄4 0.19 ... 0.18 31⁄2 0.18 ... 0.15 41⁄4 0.10 ... 0.08
33 2 7⁄ 8 0.21 ... 0.20 33⁄4 0.20 ... 0.17 41⁄2 0.12 ... 0.10
36 3 0.21 0.12 0.23 4 E 0.17 0.10 0.19 43⁄4 E
0.08 0.07 0.09
42 3 1⁄ 2 0.24 0.15 0.27 41⁄2 0.21 0.12 0.23 51⁄4 0.12 0.07 0.12
48 4 0.32 0.19 0.35 5 0.24 0.14 0.27 53⁄4 0.16 0.10 0.18
54 4 1⁄ 2 0.38 0.23 0.42 51⁄2 0.29 0.17 0.32 61⁄4 0.21 0.12 0.23
60 5 0.44 0.26 0.49 6 0.34 0.20 0.38 63⁄4 0.24 0.15 0.27
66 5 1⁄ 2 0.50 0.30 0.55 61⁄2 0.41 0.24 0.45 71⁄4 0.31 0.19 0.34
72 6 0.57 0.34 0.63 7 0.49 0.29 0.54 73⁄4 0.36 0.21 0.40

Concrete Strength, 5000 psi

78 6 1⁄ 2 0.64 0.38 0.71 71⁄2 0.57 0.34 0.63 81⁄4 0.42 0.24 0.47
84 7 0.72 0.43 0.80 8 0.64 0.38 0.71 83⁄4 0.50 0.30 0.56

Concrete Strength, 5000 psi Concrete Strength, 5000 psi

90 7 1⁄ 2 0.81 0.49 0.90 81⁄2 0.69 0.41 0.77 91⁄4 0.59 0.35 0.66
96 8 0.93 0.56 1.03 9 0.76 0.45 0.84 93⁄4 0.70 0.42 Inner 0.27
Circular
Plus El- 0.42
liptical
102 8 1⁄ 2 1.03 0.62 Inner 0.41 91⁄2 0.90 0.54 Inner 0.36 101⁄4 0.83 0.50 Inner 0.33
Circular Circular Circular
Plus El- 0.62 Plus El- 0.54 Plus El- 0.50
liptical liptical liptical
108 9 1.22 0.73 Inner 0.49 10 1.08 0.65 Inner 0.43 103⁄4 0.99 0.59 Inner 0.40
Circular Circular Circular
Plus El- 0.73 Plus El- 0.65 Plus El- 0.59
liptical liptical liptical
A A A
114 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
120 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
126 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
132 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
138 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
144 .. . ... ... ... ... ... . . .... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A
For modified or special designs see 7.2 or with the permission of the owner utilize the provisions of Specification C655. Steel areas may be interpolated between those
shown for variations in diameter, loading, or wall thickness. Pipe over 96 in. in diameter shall have two circular cages or an inner circular plus one elliptical cage.
B
As an alternative to designs requiring both inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned in either of the following manners:
An inner circular cage plus an elliptical cage such that the area of the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage in the table and the total area
of the inner circular cage plus the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in the table,
An inner and outer cage plus quadrant mats in accordance with Fig. 1, or
An inner and outer cage plus an elliptical cage in accordance with Fig. 2.
C
Elliptical and quadrant steel must be held in place by means of holding rods, chairs, or other positive means throughout the entire casting operation.
D
For these classes and sizes, the minimum practical steel reinforcement is specified. The specified ultimate strength of non-reinforced pipe is greater than the minimum
specified strength for the equivalent diameters.
E
As an alternative, single cage reinforcement may be used. The reinforcement area in square in. per linear foot shall be 0.30 for wall B and 0.20 for wall C.

6.2.4.8 A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and fly 6.4 Admixtures—The following admixtures and blends are
ash. allowable:
6.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to Specification 6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification
C33/C33M except that the requirement for gradation shall not C260/C260M;
apply.

4
 C76 − 16
TABLE 4 Design Requirements for Class IV Reinforced Concrete PipeA
NOTE 1—See Section 5 for basis of acceptance specified by the owner.
The strength test requirements in pounds-force per linear foot of pipe under the three-edge-bearing method shall be either the D-load (test load
expressed in pounds-force per linear foot per foot of diameter) to produce a 0.01-in. crack, or the D-loads to produce the 0.01-in. crack and the ultimate
load as specified below, multiplied by the internal diameter of the pipe in feet.
D-load to produce a 0.01-in. crack 2000
D-load to produce the ultimate load 3000
Reinforcement, in.2/linear ft of pipe wall
Wall A Wall B Wall C
Internal
Concrete Strength, 5000 psi Concrete Strength, 4000 psi Concrete Strength, 4000 psi
Designated
Diameter, Circular Circular Circular
Wall ReinforcementB Elliptical Wall ReinforcementB Elliptical Wall ReinforcementB Elliptical
in.
Thickness, Reinforce- Thickness, Reinforce-Thickness, Reinforce-
in. Inner Outer mentC in. Inner Outer mentC in. Inner Outer mentC
Cage Cage Cage Cage Cage Cage
12 1 3⁄ 4 0.15 ... ... 2 0.07 ... ... 2 3⁄ 4 0.07D ... ...
15 1 7⁄ 8 0.16 ... ... 2 1⁄ 4 0.10 ... ... 3 0.07D ... ...
18 2 0.17 ... 0.15 2 1⁄ 2 0.14 ... 0.11 31⁄4 0.07D ... 0.07D
21 2 1⁄ 4 0.23 ... 0.21 23⁄4 0.20 ... 0.17 31⁄2 0.07D ... 0.07D
24 2 1⁄ 2 0.29 ... 0.27 3 0.27 ... 0.23 33⁄4 0.07 0.07 0.08
27 2 5⁄ 8 0.33 ... 0.31 31⁄4 0.31 ... 0.24 4 0.08 0.07 0.09
30 2 3⁄ 4 0.38 ... 0.35 31⁄2 0.35 ... 0.27 41⁄4 0.09 0.07 0.10
A
33 ... ... ... 3 3⁄ 4 0.27 0.16 0.30 41⁄2 0.11 0.07 0.12
A
36 ... ... ... 4 0.30 0.18 0.33 4 3⁄ 4 0.14 0.08 0.15
A
42 ... ... ... 4 1⁄ 2 0.35 0.21 0.39 51⁄4 0.20 0.12 0.21
A
48 ... ... ... 5 0.42 0.24 0.47 5 3⁄ 4 0.26 0.16 0.29
A
54 ... ... ... 5 1⁄ 2 0.50 0.30 0.55 61⁄4 0.34 0.20 0.38

Concrete Strength, 5000 psi

A
60 ... ... ... 6 0.59 0.35 0.66 6 3⁄ 4 0.41 0.24 0.45
A
66 ... ... ... 6 1⁄ 2 0.69 0.41 0.77 71⁄4 0.51 0.31 0.57

Concrete Strength, 5000 psi

A
72 ... ... ... 7 0.79 0.47 0.88 7 3⁄ 4 0.60 0.36 0.68
A A
78 ... ... ... ... ... ... 8 1⁄ 4 0.71 0.43 0.79
A A
84 ... ... ... ... ... ... 8 3⁄ 4 0.85 0.51 0.94
A A A
90 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
96 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
102 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
108 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
114 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
120 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
126 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
132 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
138 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
144 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A
For modified or special designs see 7.2 or with the permission of the owner utilize the provisions of Specification C655. Steel areas may be interpolated between those
shown for variations in diameter, loading, or wall thickness. Pipe over 96 in. in diameter shall have two circular cages or an inner circular plus one elliptical cage.
B
As an alternative to designs requiring both inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned in either of the following manners:
An inner circular cage plus an elliptical cage such that the area of the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage in the table and the total area
of the inner circular cage plus the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in the table,
An inner and outer cage plus quadrant mats in accordance with Fig. 1, or
An inner and outer cage plus an elliptical cage in accordance with Fig. 2.
For Wall C, in sizes 24 to 33 in., a single circular cage with an area not less than the sum of the specified inner and outer circular reinforcement areas.
C
Elliptical and quadrant steel must be held in place by means of holding rods, chairs, or other positive means throughout the entire casting operation.
D
For these classes and sizes, the minimum practical steel reinforcement is specified.

6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification 6.6 Fibers—Synthetic fibers and nonsynthetic fibers shall be
C494/C494M; allowed to be used, at the manufacturer’s option, in concrete
6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing pipe as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Synthetic fibers
concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and (Type II and Type III) and nonsynthetic fiber (Type I) designed
6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner. and manufactured specifically for use in concrete and conform-
6.5 Steel Reinforcement—Reinforcement shall consist of ing to the requirements of Specification C1116/C1116M shall
wire and welded wire conforming to Specification A1064/ be accepted.
A1064M, or of bars conforming to Specification A36/A36M,
6.7 Water—Water used in the production of concrete shall
Specification A615/A615M, Grade 40 or 60, or Specification
be potable or nonpotable water that meets the requirements of
A706/A706M, Grade 60. For helically wound cages only, weld
Specification C1602/C1602M.
shear tests are not required.

5
 C76 − 16
TABLE 5 Design Requirements for Class V Reinforced Concrete PipeA
NOTE 1—See Section 5 for basis of acceptance specified by the owner.
The strength test requirements in pounds-force per linear foot of pipe under the three-edge-bearing method shall be either the D-load (test load
expressed in pounds-force per linear foot per foot of diameter) to produce a 0.01-in. crack, or the D-loads to produce the 0.01-in. crack and the ultimate
load as specified below, multiplied by the internal diameter of the pipe in feet.
D-load to produce a 0.01-in. crack 3000
D-load to produce the ultimate load 3750
Reinforcement, in.2/linear ft of pipe wall
Wall A Wall B Wall C
Internal
Concrete Strength, 6000 psi Concrete Strength, 6000 psi Concrete Strength, 6000 psi
Designated
Diameter, Circular Circular Circular
Wall ReinforcementB Elliptical Wall ReinforcementB Elliptical Wall ReinforcementB Elliptical
in.
Thickness, Reinforce- Thickness, Reinforce- Thickness, Reinforce-
in. Inner Outer mentC in. Inner Outer mentC in. Inner Outer mentC
Cage Cage Cage Cage Cage Cage
A
12 ... ... ... 2 0.10 ... ... 2 3 ⁄4 0.07D ... ...
A
15 ... ... ... 2 1⁄ 4 0.14 ... ... 3 0.07D ... ...
A
18 ... ... ... 2 1⁄ 2 0.19 ... 0.16 31⁄4 0.10 ... ...
A
21 ... ... ... 2 3⁄ 4 0.24 ... 0.21 31⁄2 0.10 ... ...
A
24 ... ... ... 3 0.30 ... 0.24 3 3 ⁄4 0.12 0.07 0.12
A
27 ... ... ... 3 1⁄ 4 0.38 0.23 0.42 4 0.14 0.08 0.16
A
30 ... ... ... 3 1⁄ 2 0.41 0.24 0.45 41⁄4 0.18 0.11 0.20
A
33 ... ... ... 3 3⁄ 4 0.45 0.27 0.51 41⁄2 0.23 0.14 0.24
A
36 ... ... ... 4 0.50 0.30 0.56 43⁄4 0.27 0.16 0.30
A
42 ... ... ... 4 1⁄ 2 0.60 0.36 0.67 51⁄4 0.36 0.21 0.40
A
48 ... ... ... 5 0.73 0.44 0.81 53⁄4 0.47 0.27 0.52
A A
54 ... ... ... . . . .. . ... ... 6 1 ⁄4 0.58 0.35 0.64
A A
60 ... ... ... ... ... ... 6 3 ⁄4 0.70 0.42 0.78
A A
66 ... ... ... ... ... ... 7 1 ⁄4 0.84 0.50 0.93
A A
72 ... ... ... . . . .. . ... ... 7 3 ⁄4 0.99 0.59 1.10
A A A
78 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
84 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
90 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
96 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
102 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
108 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
114 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
120 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
126 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
132 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
138 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A A A
144 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
...
A
For modified or special designs see 7.2 or with the permission of the owner utilize the provisions of Specification C655. Steel areas may be interpolated between those
shown for variations in diameter, loading, or wall thickness. Pipe over 96 in. in diameter shall have two circular cages or an inner circular plus one elliptical cage.
B
As an alternative to designs requiring both inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned in either of the following manners:
An inner circular cage plus an elliptical cage such that the area of the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage in the table and the total area
of the inner circular cage plus the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in the table,
An inner and outer cage plus quadrant mats in accordance with Fig. 1, or
An inner and outer cage plus an elliptical cage in accordance with Fig. 2.
C
Elliptical and quadrant steel must be held in place by means of holding rods, chairs, or other positive means throughout the entire casting operation.
D
For these classes and sizes, the minimum practical steel reinforcement is specified.

7. Design 7.2.1 If permitted by the owner the manufacturer may

7.1 Design Tables—The diameter, wall thickness, compres- request approval by the owner of modified designs that differ
sive strength of the concrete, and the area of the circumferen- from the designs in 7.1; or special designs for sizes and loads
tial reinforcement shall be as prescribed for Classes I to V in beyond those shown in Tables 1-5, 7.1, or special designs for
Tables 1-5, except as provided in 7.2. pipe sizes that do not have steel reinforcement areas shown in
7.1.1 The reinforcement as presented in the tables herein Tables 1-5 of 7.1.
allows single circular cage reinforcement, or separate inner and 7.2.2 Such modified or special designs shall be based on
outer circular cage reinforcement or a combination thereof. rational or empirical evaluations of the ultimate strength and
Footnotes to the tables are intended to clarify tabulated cracking behavior of the pipe and shall fully describe to the
requirements or provide acceptable alternative reinforcement owner any deviations from the requirements of 7.1. The
designs, either of which are applicable and binding as if they descriptions of modified or special designs shall include the
were contained in the body of the specification.
7.2 Modified and Special Designs:

6
 C76 − 16
wall thickness, the concrete strength, and the area, type, spigot shall be 3 in. except that if this distance exceeds one-half
placement, number of layers, and strength of the steel rein- the wall thickness, the pipe wall shall contain at least a total
forcement. reinforcement area of the minimum specified area per linear
7.2.3 The manufacturer shall submit to the owner proof of foot times the laying length of the pipe section. The minimum
the adequacy of the proposed modified or special design. Such cover on the last circumferential near the spigot shoulder shall
proof may comprise the submission of certified three-edge- be 1⁄2 in.
bearing tests already made, which are acceptable to the owner 8.1.6.1 Where reinforcement is in the bell or spigot the
or, if such three-edge-bearing tests are not available or minimum end cover on the last circumferential shall be 1⁄2 in.
acceptable, the manufacturer may be required to perform proof in the bell or 1⁄4 in. in the spigot.
tests on sizes and classes selected by the owner to demonstrate 8.1.7 The continuity of the circumferential reinforcing steel
the adequacy of the proposed design. shall not be destroyed during the manufacture of the pipe,
7.2.4 Such pipe must meet all of the test and performance except that when agreed upon by the owner, lift eyes or holes
requirements specified by the owner in accordance with may be provided in each pipe for the purpose of handling.
Section 5. 8.1.8 If splices are not welded, the reinforcement shall be
7.3 Area—In this specification, when the word area is not lapped not less than 20 diameters for deformed bars and
described by adjectives, such as cross-section or single wire, it deformed cold-worked wire, and 40 diameters for plain bars
shall be understood to be the cross-sectional area of reinforce- and cold-drawn wire. In addition, where lapped cages of
ment per unit lengths of pipe. welded-wire fabric are used without welding, the lap shall
contain a longitudinal wire.
8. Reinforcement 8.1.8.1 When splices are welded and are not lapped to the
minimum requirements above, there shall be a minimum lap of
8.1 Circumferential Reinforcement—A line of circumferen- 2 in. and a weld such that pull tests of representative specimens
tial reinforcement for any given total area may be composed of shall develop at least 50 % of the minimum specified tensile
two layers for pipe with wall thicknesses of less than 7 in. or strength of the steel. For butt-welded splices in bars or wire,
three layers for pipe with wall thicknesses of 7 in. or greater. permitted only with helically wound cages, pull tests of
The layers shall not be separated by more than the thickness of
one longitudinal plus 1⁄4 in. The multiple layers shall be
fastened together to form a single cage. All other specification
requirements such as laps, welds, and tolerances of placement
in the wall of the pipe, etc., shall apply to this method of
fabricating a line of reinforcement.
8.1.1 Where one line of circular reinforcement is used, it
shall be placed from 35 to 50 % of the wall thickness from the
inner surface of the pipe, except that for wall thicknesses less
than 21⁄2 in., the protective cover of the concrete over the
circumferential reinforcement in the wall of the pipe shall be 3⁄4
in.
8.1.2 In pipe having two lines of circular reinforcement,
each line shall be so placed that the protective covering of
concrete over the circumferential reinforcement in the wall of
the pipe shall be 1 in.
8.1.3 In pipe having elliptical reinforcement with wall
thicknesses 21⁄2 in. or greater, the reinforcement in the wall of
the pipe shall be so placed that the protective covering of
NOTE 1—The total reinforcement area (Asi) of the inner cage plus the
concrete over the circumferential reinforcement shall be 1 in. quadrant mat in Quadrants 1 and 2 shall not be less than that specified for
from the inner surface of the pipe at the vertical diameter and the inner cage in Tables 1-5.
1 in. from the outer surface of the pipe at the horizontal NOTE 2—The total reinforcement area (Aso) of the outer cage plus the
diameter. In pipe having elliptical reinforcement with wall quadrant mat in Quadrants 3 and 4 shall not be less than that specified for
thicknesses less than 21⁄2 in., the protective covering of the the outer cage in Tables 1-5.
concrete shall be 3⁄4 in. at the vertical and horizontal diameters. NOTE 3—The reinforcement area (A'si) of the inner cage in Quadrants
3 and 4 shall be not less than 25 % of that specified for the inner cage in
8.1.4 The location of the reinforcement shall be subject to Tables 1-5.
the permissible variations in dimensions given in 12.5. NOTE 4—The reinforcement area (A'so) of the outer cage in Quadrants
8.1.5 The spacing center to center of circumferential rein- 1 and 2 shall be not less than 25 % of that specified for the outer cage in
forcement in a cage shall not exceed 4 in. for pipe up to and Tables 1-5.
including pipe having a 4-in. wall thickness nor exceed the NOTE 5—If the reinforcement area (A'so) of the outer cage in Quadrants
wall thickness for larger pipe, and shall in no case exceed 6 in. 1 or 2 is less than 50 % of that specified for the outer cage in Tables 1-5,
the quadrant mats used for the outer cage in Quadrants 3 and 4 shall
8.1.6 Where the wall reinforcement does not extend into the extend into Quadrant 1 and 2 not less than a distance equal to the wall
joint, the maximum longitudinal distance to the last circumfer- thickness as specified in Tables 1-5.
ential from the inside shoulder of the bell or the shoulder of the FIG. 1 Quadrant Reinforcement

7
 C76 − 16

NOTE 1—The total reinforcement area of the inner circular cage and the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the inner cage in Tables
1-5.
NOTE 2—The total reinforcement area of the outer circular cage and the elliptical cage shall not be less than that specified for the outer cage in Tables
1-5.
FIG. 2 Triple Cage Reinforcement

representative specimens shall develop at least 75 % of the the outer cage or one-half of that specified for single cage wall
minimum specified tensile strength of the steel. Pull tests shall reinforcement, whichever is less.
conform to Test Methods C497. 8.3.1.2 Where bells or spigots require reinforcement, the
8.1.8.2 When requested by the owner, the manufacturer maximum end cover on the last circumferential shall be
shall submit proof of the adequacy of welded splices. Such one-half the length of the joint or 3 in., whichever is less.
proof includes weld pull tests already made that are acceptable 8.3.2 Joint Reinforcement for Rubber Gasket Joints:
to the owner or, if such tests are not available or acceptable, 8.3.2.1 For pipe 12 in. and larger in diameter, the bell ends
pull tests on representative samples selected by the owner to shall contain circumferential reinforcement. This reinforce-
demonstrate the adequacy of the welded splice. ment shall be an extension of the outer cage or a single wall
8.2 Longitudinal Reinforcement—Each line of circumferen- cage, whichever is less, or may be a separate cage of at least the
tial reinforcement shall be assembled into a cage that shall same area per foot with longitudinals as required in 8.2. If a
contain sufficient longitudinal bars or members, to maintain the separate cage is used, the cage shall extend into the pipe with
reinforcement in shape and in position within the form to the last circumferential wire at least one in. past the inside
comply with permissible variations in 8.1. The exposure of the shoulder where the pipe barrel meets the bell of the joint.
ends of longitudinals, stirrups, or spacers that have been used 8.3.2.2 Where bells require reinforcement, the maximum
to position the cages during the placement of the concrete shall end cover on the last circumferential shall be 2 in.
not be a cause for rejection.
9. Joints
8.3 Joint Reinforcement—The length of the joint as used
9.1 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the
herein means the inside length of the bell or the outside length
concrete pipe sections so formed that the pipe can be laid
of the spigot from the shoulder to the end of the pipe section.
together to make a continuous line of pipe compatible with the
The end distances or cover on the end circumferential shall
permissible variations given in Section 12.
apply to any point on the circumference of the pipe or joint.
When convoluted reinforcement is used, these distances and 9.2 Joints shall conform to the requirements of Specifica-
reinforcement areas shall be taken from the points on the tions C443, C990, C1628, or other established joint types
convolutions closest to the end of the pipe section. Unless approved by the owner, including, but not limited to, mortar,
otherwise permitted by the owner, the following requirements sealant or externally-wrapped joints.
for joint reinforcement shall apply.
8.3.1 Joint Reinforcement for Non-Rubber Gasket Joints: 10. Manufacture
8.3.1.1 For pipe 36 in. and larger in diameter, either the bell 10.1 Mixture—The aggregates shall be sized, graded,
or spigot shall contain circumferential reinforcement. This proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious
reinforcement shall be an extension of a wall cage, or may be materials, water, and admixtures, if any, to produce a thor-
a separate cage of at least the area per foot of that specified for oughly mixed concrete of such quality that the pipe will

8
 C76 − 16
conform to the test and design requirements of this specifica- or 100 pieces, whichever is greater, provided the process and
tion. All concrete shall have a water-cementitious materials mix design is not altered in any way between production days.
ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weight. Cementitious materials 11.2.2 Large Orders—For orders of 100 or more pieces of a
shall be as specified in 6.2 and shall be added to the mix in a size and class, the owner shall be entitled to tests per Section
proportion not less than 470 lb/yd3 unless mix designs with a 5 on not more than one pipe per lot except where 11.2.3 and
lower cementitious materials content demonstrate that the 11.2.4 are applicable.
quality and performance of the pipe meet the requirements of 11.2.3 Tests for Extended Delivery Schedules for Large
this specification. Orders—An owner of pipe, whose needs require shipments at
10.1.1 Mixing Water—Water used in the production of intervals over extended periods of time, shall be entitled to
concrete shall be potable or nonpotable water that meets the such tests, preliminary to delivery of pipe, as required by the
requirements of Specification C1602/C1602M. type of basis of acceptance specified by the owner in Section 5,
10.2 Curing—Pipe shall be subjected to any one of the of not more than three sections of pipe covering each size in
methods of curing described in 10.2.1 to 10.2.3 or to any other which the owner is interested.
method or combination of methods approved by the owner, that 11.2.4 Additional Tests for Extended Delivery
will give satisfactory results. The pipe shall be cured for a Schedules—An owner shall be entitled to additional tests at
sufficient length of time so that the specified D-load is obtained such times as the owner may deem necessary, provided that the
when acceptance is based on 5.1.1 or so that the concrete will total number of pipe tested shall not exceed one pipe or 1 %,
develop the specified compressive strength at 28 days or less whichever is the greater, of each size and class of pipe in the
when acceptance is based on 5.1.2. original order.
10.2.1 Steam Curing—Pipe shall be placed in a curing
chamber, free of outside drafts, and cured in a moist atmo- 11.3 External Load Crushing Strength:
sphere maintained by the injection of live steam for such time 11.3.1 The load to produce a 0.01-in. crack or the ultimate
and such temperature as needed to enable the pipe to meet the load, as determined by the three-edge-bearing method as
strength requirements. At no time shall the ambient tempera- described in the Test Methods C497 shall be not less than that
ture exceed 160°F. The curing chamber shall be so constructed prescribed in Tables 1-5 for each respective class of pipe. Pipe
as to allow full circulation around the inside and outside of the that support the prescribed load to produce the 0.01-in. crack
pipe. and do not show a wider crack shall be considered to have met
10.2.2 Water Curing—Concrete pipe may be water-cured by that test requirement. It is not a requirement of this specifica-
covering with water saturated material or by a system of tion that the pipe be cracked or loaded to failure during these
perforated pipes, mechanical sprinklers, porous hose, or by any tests. Pipe that have been tested only to the formation of a
other approved method that will keep the pipe moist during the 0.01-in. crack and that meet the 0.01-in. crack load require-
specified curing period. ments shall be accepted for use. Three-edge-bearing test to
10.2.3 A sealing membrane conforming to the requirements ultimate load is not required for any class of pipe 60 in. or less
of Specification C309 may be applied and should be left intact in diameter listed in Tables 1-5 provided all other requirements
until the required strength requirements are met. The concrete of this specification are met.
at the time of application shall be within 10°F of the atmo- NOTE 3—As used in this specification, the 0.01-in. crack is a test
spheric temperature. All surfaces shall be kept moist prior to criterion for pipe tested in the three-edge-bearing test and is not intended
the application of the compounds and shall be damp when the as an indication of overstressed or failed pipe under installed conditions.
compound is applied. 11.3.2 Retests of Pipe Not Meeting the External Load
10.2.4 The manufacturer may, at his option, combine the Crushing Strength Requirements—Pipe shall be considered as
methods described in 10.2.1 to 10.2.3 provided the required meeting the strength requirements when all test specimens
concrete compressive strength is attained. conform to the strength requirements. Should any of the test
specimens fail to meet the strength requirements, the manufac-
11. Physical Requirements
turer shall be allowed a retest on two additional specimens for
11.1 Test Specimens—The specified number of pipe re- each specimen that failed, and the pipe shall be acceptable only
quired for the tests shall be furnished without charge by the when all of the retest specimens meet the strength require-
manufacturer and shall be selected at random by the owner, and ments.
shall be pipe that would not otherwise be rejected under this CONCRETE TESTING
specification. The selection shall be made at the point or points
designated by the owner when placing the order. 11.4 Type of Specimen—Compression tests determining
concrete compressive strength may be made on either standard
11.2 Number and Type of Tests Required for Various Deliv- rodded concrete cylinders or concrete cylinders compacted and
ery Schedules: cured in like manner as the pipe, or on cores drilled from the
11.2.1 Small Orders—Small orders are those that consist of pipe.
less than 100 pieces of each size and class of pipe. The owner
of such an order shall be entitled to copies of test reports as are 11.5 Compression Testing of Cylinders:
routinely performed on the particular lot, as required by the 11.5.1 Cylinder Production—Cylinders shall be prepared,
type and basis of acceptance specified by the owner in Section cured and tested in accordance with Section 11 of Test Methods
5. A lot shall include up to five consecutive days of production, C497.

9
 C76 − 16
11.5.2 Number of Cylinders—Prepare no fewer than five test in accordance with Test Methods C497, shall not exceed 9 % of
cylinders from a group (one day’s production) of pipe sections. the dry mass for Method A or 8.5 % for Method B. Each
11.5.3 Acceptability on the Basis of Cylinder Test Results: Method A sample shall have a minimum mass of 1.0 kg, shall
11.5.3.1 When the compressive strengths of all cylinders be free of visible cracks, and shall represent the full wall
tested for a group are equal to or greater than the required thickness of the pipe. When the initial absorption sample from
concrete strength, the compressive strength of concrete in the a pipe fails to conform to this specification, the absorption test
group of pipe sections shall be accepted. shall be made on another sample from the same pipe and the
11.5.3.2 When the average compressive strength of all results of the retest shall be substituted for the original test
cylinders tested is equal to or greater than the required concrete results.
strength, and not more than 10 % of the cylinders tested have 11.10 Retests of Pipe—When not more than 20 % of the
a compressive strength less than the required concrete strength, concrete specimens fail to pass the requirements of this
and no cylinder tested has a compressive strength less than specification, the manufacturer may cull the project stock and
80 % of the required concrete strength, then the group shall be may eliminate whatever quantity of pipe desired and shall mark
accepted. those pipe so that they will not be shipped. The required tests
11.5.3.3 When the compressive strength of the cylinders shall be made on the balance of the order and the pipe shall be
tested does not conform to the acceptance criteria stated in accepted if they conform to the requirements of this specifica-
11.5.3.1 or 11.5.3.2, the acceptability of the group shall be tion.
determined in accordance with the provisions of 11.6.
11.11 Test Equipment—Every manufacturer furnishing pipe
11.6 Compression Testing of Cores: under this specification shall furnish all facilities and personnel
11.6.1 Obtaining Cores—Cores shall be obtained and pre- necessary to carry out the tests described in Test Methods
pared in accordance with Section 6 of Test Methods C497. C497.
11.6.2 Number of Cores—One core shall be taken from a
pipe section selected at random from each day’s production run 12. Permissible Variations
of a single concrete strength.
12.1 Internal Diameter—The internal diameter of 12-in.
11.7 Acceptability on the Basis of Core Test Results: through 24-in. pipe shall not vary by more than 2 % of the
11.7.1 When the compressive strength of a core tested for a design diameter for 12-in. pipe and 1.5 % for 24-in. pipe with
group of pipe sections is equal to or greater than the required intermediate sizes variation being a linear scale between 2 %
concrete strength, the compressive strength of the concrete for and 1.5 %. The internal diameter of sizes 27-in. and larger shall
the group is acceptable. not vary by more than 1 % of the design diameter or 63⁄8-in.,
11.7.2 If the compressive strength of the core tested is less whichever is greater. These diameter requirements are based on
than the required concrete strength, two additional cores shall the average of four diameter measurements at a distance of 12
be taken from that pipe section and tested. Concrete repre- in. from the end of the bell or spigot of the pipe. Diameter
sented by these three core tests shall be considered acceptable verification shall be made on the number of pipe selected for
if: (1) the average of the three core strengths is equal to at least test per Section 11.
85 % of the required strength and (2) no single core is less than
75 % of the required strength. 12.2 Wall Thickness—The wall thickness shall not vary
more than shown in the design or specified wall by more than
11.7.3 If the compressive strength of the three cores does
65 % or 3⁄16 in., whichever is greater. A specified wall
not meet the requirements of 11.7.2, the pipe from which the
thickness more than required in the design is not cause for
cores were taken shall be rejected. Two pipe sections from the
rejection. Pipe having localized variations in wall thickness
remainder of the group shall be selected at random and cored
exceeding those specified above shall be accepted if the
and tested for conformance with either 11.7.1 or 11.7.2. If both
three-edge-bearing strength and minimum steel cover require-
pipe sections meet the core strength requirements of either
ments are met.
11.7.1 or 11.7.2, the remainder of the group shall be acceptable.
If both pipe do not meet the test strength requirement, the 12.3 Length of Two Opposite Sides—Variations in the laying
remainder of the group shall be either rejected or, at the option length of two opposite sides of the pipe shall not be more than
1⁄4 in. for all sizes through 24-in. internal diameter, and not
of the manufacturer, each pipe section of the remaining group
shall be cored and accepted individually and any of the pipe more than 1⁄8 in./ft for all sizes larger with a maximum of 5⁄8 in.
sections that have core strengths less than the requirements of in any length of pipe through 84-in. internal diameter, and a
11.7.1 or 11.7.2 shall be rejected. maximum of 3⁄4 in. for 90-in. internal diameter or larger, except
11.8 Plugging Core Holes—Core holes shall be plugged and where beveled end pipe for laying on curves is specified by the
sealed by the manufacturer in a manner such that the pipe owner.
section will meet all of the requirements of this specification. 12.4 Length of Pipe—The underrun in length of a section of
Pipe sections so plugged and sealed shall be considered pipe shall not be more than 1⁄8 in./ft. with a maximum of 1⁄2 in.
satisfactory for use. in any length of pipe. Regardless of the underrun or overrun in
11.9 Absorption—An annual absorption test shall be per- any section of the pipe, the end cover requirements of Sections
formed for each mix design for each production process. The 8 and 12 shall apply.
absorption of a sample from the wall of the pipe, as determined 12.5 Position or Area of Reinforcement:

10
 C76 − 16
12.5.1 Position—The maximum variation in the position of 15. Rejection
a line of circumferential reinforcement shall be 610 % of the 15.1 Pipe shall be subject to rejection on account of failure
wall thickness or 61⁄2 in., whichever is greater. Pipes having to conform to any of the specification requirements. Individual
variations in the position of a line of circumferential reinforce- sections of pipe may be rejected because of any of the
ment exceeding those specified above shall be accepted if the following:
three-edge-bearing strength requirements obtained on a repre- 15.1.1 Fractures or cracks passing through the wall, except
sentative specimen are met. In no case, however, shall the for a single end crack that does not exceed the depth of the
cover over the circumferential reinforcement be less than 1⁄4 in. joint.
as measured to the end of the spigot or 1⁄2 in. as measured to 15.1.2 Defects that indicate proportioning, mixing, and
any other surface. The preceding minimum cover limitations molding not in compliance with 10.1 or surface defects
do not apply to mating surfaces of nonrubber gasket joints or indicating honeycombed or open texture that would adversely
gasket grooves in rubber gasket joints. If convoluted reinforce- affect the function of the pipe.
ment is used, the convoluted circumferential end wire may be 15.1.3 The ends of the pipe are not normal to the walls and
at the end surface of the joint providing the alternate convo- center line of the pipe, within the limits of variations given in
lutions have at least 1 in. cover from the end surface of the 12.3 and 12.4.
joint. 15.1.4 Damaged or cracked ends where such damage would
12.5.2 Area of Reinforcement—Reinforcement will be con- prevent making a satisfactory joint.
sidered as meeting the design requirements if the area, com- 15.1.5 Any continuous crack having a surface width of 0.01
puted on the basis of nominal area of the wire or bars used, in. or more and extending for a length of 12 in. or more,
equals or exceeds the requirements of 7.1 or 7.2. Actual area of regardless of position in the wall of the pipe, for pipe not
the reinforcing used may vary from the nominal area according installed or under load.
to permissible variations of the standard specifications for the
16. Marking
reinforcing. When inner cage and outer cage reinforcing is
used, the inner cage nominal area may vary to the lower limit 16.1 The following information shall be legibly marked on
of 85 % of the elliptical nominal area and the outer cage each section of pipe:
nominal area may vary to the lower limit of 51 % of the 16.1.1 The pipe class and specification designation,
elliptical nominal area provided that the total nominal area of 16.1.2 The date of manufacture,
the inner cage plus the outer cage shall not vary beyond the 16.1.3 The name or trademark of the manufacturer, and
lower limit of 140 % of the elliptical nominal area. 16.1.4 Identification of plant.
16.2 One end of each section of pipe with elliptical or
13. Repairs quadrant reinforcement shall be clearly marked during the
process of manufacturing or immediately thereafter, on the
13.1 Pipe may be repaired, if necessary, because of imper-
inside and the outside of opposite walls along the minor axis of
fections in manufacture or damage during handling and will be
the elliptical reinforcing or along the vertical axis for quadrant
acceptable if, in the opinion of the owner, the repaired pipe
reinforcing.
conforms to the requirements of this specification.
16.3 Markings shall be indented on the pipe section or
14. Inspection painted thereon with waterproof paint.

14.1 The quality of materials, the process of manufacture, 17. Keywords

and the finished pipe shall be subject to inspection and 17.1 circular pipe; culvert; D-load; pipe; reinforced con-
approval by the owner. crete; sewer pipe; storm drain

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Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http://www.copyright.com/

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