Scribd
Upload
10 views

Lab Report Layout 1

Uploaded by

localad160
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views

Lab Report Layout 1

Uploaded by

localad160
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Lab: 07

Course: ECA-1
Instructor: Dr. Ahsan Khawaja
Student:
Reg. number:
Name:

ASSESSMENT
In-Lab Performance: /
Post-Lab: /
Total: /

Instructor’s remarks:

Lab 07: Experimental Validation of Node Voltage Method


Objectives:
 To implement the Node Voltage method in lab
 To verify that measured values of branch voltages and currents are
comparable to the values obtained by solving the circuit using Node Voltage
method
Concept of Lab:
The node-voltage method uses KCL equations that are written at all non-
reference nodes. Recall that KCL states that the sum of all the currents at a node
is zero. The node-voltage method is comprised of the following steps:
1. Identify all the nodes in a circuit. 100kŸ
2. Choose one of the nodes as the reference
node (usually a low potential node). R4
3.3kŸ 3.3kŸ
3. Assign variable names to each of the a b c
essential (non-reference) nodes. Mark R1 R3
voltages as per the variable names 10V R2 10kŸ
5V
assigned to each node e.g. va, vb, vc, etc.
4. Determine the direction of currents i.e.
mark voltage polarities across each
circuit element.
5. Write a KCL equation in terms of node-voltages at each of the non-reference
nodes. The result will be (n-1) equations
Figure 1: Example circuit to test the validity
where n is the number of essential nodes of the node-voltage method
plus a reference node.
6. Solve the equations and calculate values
of node voltages a, b and c. Also calculate voltages and currents through
resistances R1 through R4. Record the values in Table 7.1.
Task (1)
Task 1. Connect the components in figure 7.1 on breadboard. Measure
node voltages and branch voltages and currents. Record all these values in
Table 7.1.

Measurement Table 1
Calculated Voltage Measured Voltage Simulated Voltage
Nodes
(V) (V) (V)
A 10.02V 10.02V 10.02V
B 6.453V 6.46V 6.45V
C 5.0V 5.0V 5.0V
Table 7.1 (a)
Measurement
Calculation results Simulation result
Resistance results
values Voltage Current Voltage Current Voltage Current
(V) (A) (V) (A) (V) (A)
R1 =3.27k 3.56V 1.09mA 3.57V 1mA 3.57V -1.0mA

R2 =9.92k 6.45V 0.65mA 6.45V 0.6mA 6.45V 0.65mA

R3 =3.30k 1.42V 0.43mA 1.45V 0.4mA 1.45V -0.44mA


5.02V -
R4 =99.6k 4.98V 0.05mA 5.02V 0.049mA
0.054mA
Table 7.1 (b)

Critical Analysis:
In this lab we proved the Experimental validation of Nodal Analysis. With the
help of Nodal analysis, we have easily found the voltages at all the nodes e.g. A,
B and C. We have also found the voltages across each resistor and the current
flowing throw the circuit. The voltages and currents of circuits are also
measured with DMM which has a small difference between the measured and
calculated values.
Post Lab:

1) What is the difference between Nodal Analysis and Mesh Analysis


methods?
The difference between mesh and nodal analysis is that nodal analysis is
an application of Kirchhoff's current law, which is used for calculating
the voltages at each node in an equation. While mesh analysis is an
application of Kirchhoff's voltage law which is used for calculating the
current
2) What is the difference between node and essential node?
A node is defined as a point where two or more circuit elements are
connected. An essential node is a particular type of node where three or
more elements are connected. An essential node is a useful node to
consider in circuit analysis
3) What is the criterion for selecting reference node out of various
essential nodes?
In Nodal Analysis, essential nodes of a circuit are those that have two or
more branches met at a same interference node is also an important node
of circuit. While choosing the reference node is arbitrary. A choice for
choosing the reference node is often obvious. For Example, the node with
most branches will be choose as reference node.

You might also like