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Lecture NSCP 1 of 2

Strength of Materials (Central Luzon State University)

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NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (NSCP)

▪ Builders refer to the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) to ensure that buildings,
such as high-rise condominiums, can withstand tremors as high as magnitude 8.

▪ Developed by the Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines (ASEP), the NSCP is cited
as a “referral code” of the NBC -- the primary basis for the construction, design, use, and
maintenance of all buildings in the country -- since the latter does not specify standards for
earthquake-resilient structures.

▪ The NSCP covers only buildings, towers, and other vertical structures, such as poles and billboards.
Other “special structures,” including “single family dwellings,” are also required to comply with the
code “as a minimum whenever applicable.”

HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT OF NSCP

PURPOSE OF NSCP
The purpose of this code is to provide minimum requirements for the design of buildings, towers and
other vertical structures, and minimum standards and guidelines to safeguard life or limb, property and public
welfare by regulating and controlling the design, construction, quality of materials pertaining to the structural
aspects of all building and structure within this jurisdiction.

VOLUME I OF NSCP
▪ Refer to the Design of Buildings, Towers and other Vertical Structures
VOLUME II OF NSCP
▪ Refer to the Design of Bridges

ASSOCIATION OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC. (ASEP)

▪ It is the recognized organization of Structural Engineers of the Philippines.
▪ It is an organization of structural engineers of the Philippines affiliated with the Philippine Institute of
Civil Engineers.

Function of ASEP
▪ It is a nationally-recognized association which exists to advance structural engineering practice,
uphold high ethical values, and promote national and international professional collaborations with
governments, industry, and academe.
▪ ASEP was established in 1961 to promote the advancement of Filipino civil engineers in the field of
structural engineering. The publication of the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) and
the referral codes of the Philippine National Building Code were published by the organization.

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CURRENT OFFICIALS IN MAKING THE CURRENT EDITION OF NSCP (see the update on the ASEP
Website)

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Structural analysis
▪ It is the determination of the effects of loads on physical structures and their components.
▪ Structures subject to this type of analysis include all that must withstand loads, such as buildings,
bridges, aircraft and ships.
▪ Structural analysis employs the fields of applied mechanics, materials science and applied
mathematics to compute a structure's deformations, internal forces, stresses, support reactions,
accelerations, and stability.
▪ The results of the analysis are used to verify a structure's fitness for use, often precluding physical
tests. Structural analysis is thus a key part of the engineering design of structures.
Structural design
▪ It is the methodical investigation of the stability, strength and rigidity of structures.
▪ The basic objective in structural analysis and design is to produce a structure capable of resisting all
applied loads without failure during its intended life.

REASONS FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS & DESIGN

▪ Structural analysis is important because it can check out whether a specific structural design will be
able to withstand external and internal stresses and forces expected for the design.
▪ A basic reason that structural analysis is beneficial is to determine the cause of a structural failure.
▪ Structural designing is also interlinked with ensuring the efficient use of construction materials and
resources. Civil engineers have to determine the optimal material grade to ensure safety and
operational use of the structures without any unnecessary costs.
▪ Structural designing is all-important for engineers to assist them at all phases of their projects. With
rigorous structural testing, evaluations, and inspections, structural designing plays a significant role
in satisfying the operational safety, practical functioning, and budgetary resources of the project while
ensuring that all structural elements remain stable and safe.

TYPES OF LOADS USE IN STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS & DESIGN

▪ Dead loads are permanent or stationary loads which are transferred to structure throughout the life
span. Dead load is primarily due to self-weight of structural members, permanent partition walls,
fixed permanent equipment’s and weight of different materials. It majorly consists of the weight of
roofs, beams, walls and column etc. which are otherwise the permanent parts of the building.

▪ Live loads are either movable or moving loads without any acceleration or impact. These loads are
assumed to be produced by the intended use or occupancy of the building including weights of
movable partitions or furniture etc. Live loads keep on changing from time to time. These loads are
to be suitably assumed by the designer. It is one of the major loads in the design.

▪ Wind load is primarily horizontal load caused by the movement of air relative to earth. Wind load is
required to be considered in structural design especially when the heath of the building exceeds two

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times the dimensions transverse to the exposed wind surface. For low rise building say up to four to
five stories, the wind load is not critical because the moment of resistance provided by the continuity
of floor system to column connection and walls provided between columns are sufficient to
accommodate the effect of these forces.

▪ Earthquake Load constitute to both vertical and horizontal forces on the building. The total vibration
caused by earthquake may be resolved into three mutually perpendicular directions, usually taken
as vertical and two horizontal directions. The movement in vertical direction do not cause forces in
superstructure to any significant extent. But the horizontal movement of the building at the time of
earthquake is to be considered while designing.

▪ Snow loads constitute to the vertical loads in the building. But these types of loads are considered
only in the snow fall places. The IS 875 (part 4) – 1987 deals with snow loads on roofs of the building.
The minimum snow load on a roof area or any other area above ground which is subjected to snow
accumulation is obtained by the expression

▪ Special loads. As per the clause 19.6 of IS 456 – 2000, in addition to above load discussed, account
shall be taken of the following forces and effects if they are liable to affect materially the safety and
serviceability of the structure: (a) Foundation movement (See IS 1904) (b) Elastic axial shortening
(c) Soil and fluid pressure (See IS 875, Part 5) (d) Vibration (e) Fatigue (f) Impact (See IS 875, Part
5) (g) Erection loads (See IS 875, Part 2) and (h) Stress concentration effect due to point load and
the like.

SOIL BORING TEST

▪ It is a type of geologic engineering tests to determine the capability of the soil or the strength and
properties of a required building foundation.

PLATE LOAD TEST

▪ It is used to determine soil characteristics such as ultimate bearing capacity, soil stiffness and the
tendency of soil settlement. It is conducted on the subgrade, base and surface layers of the test area.
These factors are important in trenchless technology to design buried pipelines and in the design of
temporary working platforms for drill rigs.

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Essential Components of Building Structure

1. Foundation/Footings (CF & WF_square/rectangular)
2. Columns (square/rectangular/circular/spiral)
3. Walls (CHB/Plain concrete wall)
4. Slabs (Ground floor slab/Floor Slab)
5. Beams (TB/FB/RB)
6. Roof (Including steel trusses)
7. Doors (Main door, Bedroom door, T&B door, Service Door)
8. Windows (Steel casement window, analok sliding/awning window, jalousie window)
9. Stairs (riser & tread)
10. Ceiling (flat/with design including ceiling joist)

Roof
The roof forms the topmost component of a building structure. It covers the top face of the building. Roofs
can be either flat or sloped based on the location and weather conditions of the area.

Beams and slabs

Beams and slabs form the horizontal members in a building. For a single storey building, the top slab
forms the roof. In case of a multi-storey building, the beam transfers the load coming from the floor above
the slab which is in turn transferred to the columns. Beams and slabs are constructed by reinforced cement
concrete (R.C.C).

Columns

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Columns are vertical members constructed above the ground level. Columns can be of two types:
Architectural columns and structural columns. Architectural columns are constructed to improve the building's
aesthetics while a structural column takes the load coming from the slab above and transfers safely to the
foundation.

Walls
Walls are vertical elements which support the roof. It can be made from stones, bricks, concrete blocks,
etc. Walls provide an enclosure and protect against wind, sunshine, rain etc. Openings are provided in the
walls for ventilation and access to the building.

Stairs
A stair is a sequence of steps that connects different floors in a building structure. The space occupied
by a stair is called as the stairway. There are different types of stairs like a wooden stair, R.C.C stair etc.

Foundation
The Foundation is a structural unit that uniformly distributes the load from the superstructure to the
underlying soil. This is the first structural unit to be constructed for any building construction. A good
foundation prevents settlement of the building.

Minimum/allowable dimension of Components of a Building Structure

Minimum/allowable number & size of reinforcements of Components of a Building Structure

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