AN INTRODUCTION TO

DATA ANALYTICS & BI

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WHAT IS DATA??
Data is just a collection of facts..
Eg: 100, ’ADWAITH’ , (a+b)^2=a^2+2ab+b^2
DATA BEFORE SOME YEARS AGO..
● Consider data ,some 10 or 15 years before ,It was all about structured
data and its size was in kb’s and mb’s
● And Storing and processing this data was very easy by using traditional
systems.
DATA NOW..
● In this Decade data is not that much simple
● Its size its complexity everything matters
● Now data comes in pb’s and eb’s
● And its type is not structured thats called unstructured data
● So Data processing is not so simple by our traditional processing system..
DATA.. DATA.. DATA...
DATA IS NOW EVERYWHERE..
● SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATIONS
● GOVERNMENT
● SMART CAR AND OTHER SMART DEVICES
● IOT DEVICES
● HOSPITAL AND HEALTH CARE..
● FINANCE SECTORS
● MANUFACTURING SECTORS
● ….
Types of Data
VARIABLE..
A variable is any characteristics, number, or quantity that can be
measured or counted.
A variable may also be called a data item.
Age, sex, business income and expenses, country of birth, capital
expenditure, class grades, eye colour and vehicle type are examples
of variables.
It is called a variable because the value may vary between data units
TYPES Of Variables..
Numeric Variables..
Numeric variables have values that describe a
measurable quantity as a number, like 'how many' or
'how much'. Therefore numeric variables are quantitative
variables
● A continuous variable is a numeric variable. Observations can take any value between
a certain set of real numbers. The value given to an observation for a continuous variable
can include values as small as the instrument of measurement allows. Examples of
continuous variables include height, time, age, and temperature.
● A discrete variable is a numeric variable. Observations can take a value based on a
count from a set of distinct whole values. A discrete variable cannot take the value of a
fraction between one value and the next closest value. Examples of discrete variables include
the number of registered cars, number of business locations, and number of children in a
family, all of of which measured as whole units (i.e. 1, 2, 3 cars).
Categorical Variable...
Categorical variables have values that describe a 'quality'
or 'characteristic' of a data unit, like 'what type' or 'which
category'. Categorical variables are qualitative variables and
tend to be represented by a non-numeric value.
● An ordinal variable is a categorical variable. Observations can take a value that can be
logically ordered or ranked. The categories associated with ordinal variables can be ranked
higher or lower than another, but do not necessarily establish a numeric difference between
each category. Examples of ordinal categorical variables include academic grades (i.e. A, B,
C), clothing size (i.e. small, medium, large, extra large) and attitudes (i.e. strongly agree,
agree, disagree, strongly disagree).
● A nominal variable is a categorical variable. Observations can take a value that is not
able to be organised in a logical sequence. Examples of nominal categorical variables
include sex, business type, eye colour, religion and brand.
 What is DATA ANALYTICS?
Converts raw data into actionable insights.

Includes a range of tools, technologies, and processes used to find trends and solve problems
by using data.

Shape business processes, improve decision-making, and foster business growth.

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A general term for a field that
includes the entire management
of data and the methods and
instruments employed.

The process of dissecting a given

data set into its component pieces
and analyzing each one separately,
as well as how the parts relate to
one another.

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DATA ANALYTICS PROCESSES

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Types of DATA ANALYTICS

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 PREDICTIVE PRESCRIPTIVE
DESCRIPTIVE DIAGNOSTIC
What is likely What’s the
What Why did it
to happen in best course of
happened? happen?
the future? action?

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 DESCRIPTIVE Analytics

Looks at past data to give an account of what has happened.

Simplest form of data analysis (Describes trends and relationships but doesn’t dig deeper).

Used to assess, compare, spot anomalies and identify relative strengths and weaknesses.

Microsoft Excel or data visualization tools, such as Google Charts and Tableau, can help parse
data, identify trends and relationships between variables, and visually display information.

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 DIAGNOSTIC Analytics

Process of using data to determine the causes of trends and correlations between variables.

Can be done manually, using an algorithm, or with statistical software (such as Microsoft Excel).

Involve a variety of techniques, including data drilling and data mining.

Let’s companies zero in on the factors that drive success or cause failure.

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 PREDICTIVE Analytics

Process of using data to forecast future outcomes.

Uses data analysis, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and statistical models.

Use historic and current data to forecast trends and behaviors.

Let’s companies zero in on the factors that drive success or cause failure.

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 PRESCRIPTIVE Analytics

Called “The future of Data Analytics”

Use advanced processes and tools to analyze data and content to recommend the optimal
course of action or strategy moving forward.

A valuable tool for data-driven decision-making.

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Retail Store Analytics

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 DESCRIPTIVE DIAGNOSTIC
What were the total sales for each product Why did sales of a particular product
category last month? category drop last quarter?
How many customers visited the store What factors led to an increase in customer
during a specific period? complaints during a specific time frame?

PREDICTIVE PRESCRIPTIVE
What will be the expected sales for the next Which products should be restocked in the
quarter based on historical data and market store to meet future demand?
trends? How should prices be adjusted to maximize
Can we predict the demand for certain revenue without compromising customer
products during the upcoming holiday satisfaction?
season?

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BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE

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 Ability to collect and react accordingly based on the information retrieved.

Comprises the strategies and technologies used by enterprises for the data analysis and
management of business information.

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Types Of Business Decisions

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 • Product Positioning
OPERATIONAL
• Pricing

• Priorities
STRATEGIC • Goals
• Directions

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Business Intelligence Tools

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THANK YOU!

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