Lab Manual

COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL

MACHINE LAB
(DME-P-508)

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
RAFFLES UNIVERSITY, NEEMRANA
 INDEX

Sl.
Particulars Page
No.

1. Safety in the Lab 1

2. Lab Report Format 2

3. List of Experiment of Production Technology Lab 3

4. Instruction Manual of Production Technology Lab 4-35

Safety in the Lab

 You are only allowed in the laboratory when there is a 'responsible person' present such as
a demonstrator or the laboratory staff.
 Do not touch any equipment or machines kept in the lab unless you are asked to do so.
 A tidy laboratory is generally safer than an untidy one, so make sure that you do not have a
confused tangle of electrical cables. Electrical equipment is legally required to be regularly
checked, which means it should be safe and reasonably reliable: do not tamper or attempt to
repair any electrical equipment (in particular, do not rewire mains plug or change a fuse -
ask one of the laboratory staff to do it). Never switch off the mains using the master switches
mounted on the walls. Please make yourself aware of the fire exits when you first come into
the lab. When the alarm sounds, please leave whatever you are doing and make your way
quickly, calmly and quietly out of the lab. You must always follow instructions from your
demonstrators and the laboratory staff.
 You must keep walkways clear at all times and in particular coats and bags must be stowed
away safely and must not pose a trip hazard.
 It is important that you make a point of reading the "Risk Assessment" sheet included in the
manuscript of each experiment before you start work on the experiment.
 Please take notice of any safety information given in your scripts. If an experiment or project
requires you to wear PPE (personal protective equipment) such as gloves and safety glasses,
then wear them.
 Always enter the lab wearing your shoes. It is strictly prohibited to enter the lab without
shoes.
 There must be NO smoking, eating, drinking, use of mobile phones or using personal
headphones in the laboratory. This last point is not because we dislike your choice of music
but because you must remain aware of all activity around you and be able to hear people
trying to warn you of problems.

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 Lab Report Format
 Provide a title that is a description of your lab followed by a lab number.
 The title should clearly identify the experiment’s variables (independent &
dependent)

Objective/Purpose/Problem:
 This is the place to explain what you are trying to find out or what you are going
to doin the lab.
 Include information about the variables involved.

Hypothesis: “If………then………because………”
 This is a cause/effect statement.
 This is a prediction of what the expected outcome of the lab will be.
 Relate the hypothesis to the purpose/problem of the lab.
 Try to focus your hypothesis on the information/research you collected.

Materials:
 List all items in a column.
 Make sure to record the exact size and amount of each item required.

Procedures:
 List and number each step.
 Use complete sentences (begin with a capital letter and use end punctuation).
 Should be clear enough for someone else to use as instructions for repeating
yourexperiment.

Observations/Data:
 Be sure to accurately record your observations/data in a chart or table.
 Create a graph to provide a visual of your data.
 Provide a verbal description of your data.
 List all quantitative (numbers) and qualitative (words) data.
 List all variables and explain what your control was.

Conclusion: “When…………….then........................”
 Match your conclusion to the purpose or the problem.
 Base your conclusion on your analysis of your observations and any data that has
beencollected.
 Explain: (The following are just suggestions and DO require elaboration.)
 What you did in the experiment
 What you observed (trends/patterns in your data that supported or did
notsupport your hypothesis)
 What you learned from the lab
 If you think it was a fair test (i.e. – was there anything that may
have impactedthe accuracy of your results)
 Questions for further research and investigation
Application: Can you think of an analogous situation that applies to real life?

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 List of Experiments

Sl. Name of the Experiment Page

No.
1. Study of constructional detail of CNC lathe.

2.
Study of constructional detail of CNC milling machine.

3.
Study the constructional details and working of Automatic tool changer and
Multiple pallets

4.
Develop a part programme for following lathe operations and make the job
on CNC lathe.
- Plain turning and facing operation
- Taper turning operation
- Circular interpolation.

5. Develop a part programme for the following milling operation and

make the job
- Plain milling
- Slot milling
- Contouring
- Pocket milling

6. Preparation of work instructions for machine operator

7. Preparation of preventive maintenance schedule for CNC machine.

8. Demonstration through industrial visit for awareness of actual

working of FM Sin production.

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Experiment 1: Study of constructional detail of CNC lathe.

Objective: To understand different parts of a CNC machine and learn to write part programs
for CNC lathe.

Equipments Required: None

Principle:
Axis In CNC Machine: The basis of axis identification is the 3-dimensional Cartesian co-
ordinate system and three axis of movement are identified as x, y and z axis

Z-axis: The Z axis of motion is always the axis of the main spindle of the machine. It does not
matter whether the spindle carries the work piece or the cutting tool.

X- axis: The axis is always horizontal and is always parallel to the work holding surface.
Positive X Axis movement is identified as being to the right, when looking from the spindle
towards its supporting column.

Y-axis: The axis is always at right angle to both X-Axis and Z-Axis.

Rotary axis: The rotary motion about the X, Y and Z-Axis are identified by A, B, C
respectively. Clockwise is designated as +ve. Positive rotation is identified looking in x, y and
z direction respectively.

AXIS IN CNC LATHE

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 AXIS IN CNC MILLING

CNC Part Programming: The part program is a sequence of instructions, which describe the
work, which has to be done on a part, in the form required by a computer under the control of
a numerical control computer program. It is the task of preparing a program sheet from a
drawing sheet. All data is fed into the numerical control system using a standardized format.
Programming is where all the machining data are compiled and where the data are translated
into a language which can be understood by the control system of the machine tool. The
machining data is as follows:

(a) Machining sequence classification of process, tool start up point, cutting depth, tool
path, etc.
(b) Cutting conditions, spindle speed, feed rate, coolant, etc.
(c) Selection of cutting tools.
While preparing a part program, need to perform the following steps:
(a) Determine the startup procedure, which includes the extraction of dimensional data
from part drawings and data regarding surface quality requirements on the machined
component.
(b) Select the tool and determine the tool offset.
(c) Set up the zero position for the work piece.
(d) Select the speed and rotation of the spindle.
(e) Set up the tool motions according to the profile required.
(f) Return the cutting tool to the reference point after completion of work.
(g) End the program by stopping the spindle and coolant.

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Preparatory function (G-Codes).

Milling Turning
Code Description Corollary info
(M) (T)
G00 Rapid positioning M T
G01 Linear interpolation M T
Circular interpolation,
GO2 M T .
clockwise
Circular interpolation,
G03 M T
counter clockwise
Takes an address for
dwell period (may
be X, U, or P). The dwell
G04 Dwell M T
period is specified in the
controller’s parameter,
typically milliseconds.
G17 XY plane selection M
G18 ZX plane selection M T
G19 YZ plane selection M

G20 Programming in inches M T

Programming
G21 M T
in millimetres (mm)
Takes X Y Z addresses
which define the
intermediate point that
Return to home position the tool tip will pass
G28 (machine zero, aka M T through on its way home
machine reference point) to machine zero. They
are in terms of part zero
(aka program zero),
NOT machine zero.
Tool radius
G40 M T Cancels G41 or G42.
compensation off
Milling: Given right
hand-helix cutter
and M03 spindle
direction, G41
Tool radius corresponds to climb
G41 M T
compensation left milling (down milling).
Takes an address
(D or H) that calls an
offset register value for
radius.

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 Similar corollary info as
for G41. Given right
hand-helix cutter and
Tool radius M03 spindle direction,
G42 M T
compensation right G42 corresponds
to conventional milling
(up milling).See also the
comments for G41.
Takes an address,
usually H, to call the tool
length offset register
value. The value
Tool height offset
G43 M is negative because it
compensation negative
will be added to the
gauge line position. G43
is the commonly used
version (vs. G44).
Takes an address,
usually H, to call the tool
length offset register
value. The value
Tool height offset
G44 M is positive because it will
compensation positive
be subtracted from the
gauge line position. G44
is the seldom-used
version (vs. G43).

Tool length offset

G49 M Cancels G43 or G44.
compensation cancel

G50 Scaling function cancel M

Temporarily shifts
program zero to a new
Local coordinate system
G52 M location. This simplifies
(LCS)
programming in some
cases.
Machine coordinate
G53 M T
system
Work coordinate
G54 to G59 M T
systems (WCSs)
Up to 48 more WCSs
G54.1 P1 to Extended work
M T besides the 6 provided as
P48 coordinate systems
standard by G54 to G59.

Fixed cycle, multiple

repetitive cycle, for
G70 T
finishing (including
contours)

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 Fixed cycle, multiple
repetitive cycle, for
G71 T
roughing (Z-axis
emphasis)
Fixed cycle, multiple
repetitive cycle, for
G72 T
roughing (X-axis
emphasis)

Fixed cycle, multiple

repetitive cycle, for
G73 T
roughing, with pattern
repetition

Retracts only as far as a

clearance increment
Peck drilling cycle for
(system parameter). For
milling – high-speed
G73 M when chip breaking is
(NO full retraction from
the main concern, but
pecks)
chip clogging of flutes is
not.
Peck drilling cycle for
G74 T
turning

Tapping cycle for

G74 milling, left-hand thread, M
M04 spindle direction

Peck grooving cycle for

G75 T
turning
Fine boring cycle for
G76 M
milling
Threading cycle for
G76 turning, multiple T
repetitive cycle
Milling: Cancels all
cycles such
as G73, G83, G81, and
G86 etc. Z-axis returns
G80 Cancel canned cycle M T
either to Z-initial level or
R-level, as programmed
(G98 or G99,
respectively).

G81 Simple drilling cycle M No dwell built in

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 Dwells at hole bottom
(Z-depth) for the number
Drilling cycle with of milliseconds specified
G82 M
dwell by the P address. Good
for when hole bottom
finish matters.
Returns to R-level after
Peck drilling cycle (full
G83 M each peck. Good for
retraction from pecks)
clearing flutes of chips.
Tapping cycle, right-
hand
G84 M
thread, M03 spindle
direction
G85 Reaming Cycle M
G86 Boring Cycle M
Positioning defined with
G90 Absolute programming M T
reference to part zero...
Positioning defined with
Incremental
G91 M T reference to previous
programming
position.
Threading cycle, simple
G92 T
cycle

G94 Feedrate per minute M T

G95 Feedrate per revolution M T

Varies spindle speed
automatically to achieve
a constant surface speed.
See speeds and feeds.
Constant surface speed
G96 T Takes an S address
(CSS)
integer, which is
interpreted
as sfm in G20 mode or
as m/min in G21 mode.
Takes an S address
integer, which is
interpreted as rev/min
G97 Constant spindle speed M T (rpm). The default speed
mode per system
parameter if no mode is
programmed.

Return to initial Z level

G98 M
in canned cycle

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 Feedrate per minute Feedrate per minute
G98 T
(group type A) is G94 on group type B.

Return to R level in
G99 M
canned cycle

Feedrate per revolution Feedrate per revolution

G99 T
(group type A) is G95 on group type

Miscellaneous functions

M Codes are instructions describing machine functions such as calling the tool, spindle
Rotation, coolant on, door close/open etc.

Milling Turning
Code Description Corollary info
(M) (T)
Non-optional—machine will
always stop upon reaching
M00 Compulsory stop M T
M00 in the program
execution.
Machine will only stop at
M01 Optional stop M T M01 if operator has pushed
the optional stop button.
No return to program top;
M02 End of program M T may or may not reset register
values.
Spindle on The speed of the spindle is
M03 M T
(clockwise rotation) determined by the address S.

Spindle on (counter
M04 M T See comment above at M03.
clockwise rotation)

M05 Spindle stop M T

Automatic tool
M06 M T
change (ATC)
M07 Coolant on M T

M08 Coolant on (flood) M T

M09 Coolant off M T

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M19 Spindle orientation M T Spindle orientation

M21 Mirror, X-axis M

M21 Tailstock forward T

M22 Mirror, Y-axis M

M22 Tailstock backward T
M23 Mirror OFF M

End of program
with return to
M30 M T
program top and
Rewind

Takes an address P to specify

which subprogram to call, for
M98 Subprogram call M T
example, “M98 P8979” calls
subprogram O8979.

M99 Subprogram end M T

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Experiment 2: Simulation of different part programs

Objective: To understand and use the simulation tool for simulating CNC part programs for
milling machines.

Equipments Required: CNC TRAIN software.

Procedure: The different steps involved in using the CNC TRAIN software are as follows:
Step 1: Click Start menu - Programs - CNC simulation - CNCTRAIN (or) Double click icon
on the desktop

Step 2: Selection of controller type

Click Control Type

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Step 3: Write a new program. Click file on the main menu and click new CNC program and
type the program in the CNC editor screen.

Click file on the main menu and click new CNC program and
Type the program in the CNC editor screen.

Step 4: Simulation

Step 3 Click Cycle start

Step 1 Click Auto Step 2 Click reset

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Observations: Carry out the simulations of the following parts in CNC TRAIN software.

Turning Exercise

Milling Exercise

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Experiment 3: Writing and execution of part programs for CNC Lathe
Machine

Objective: To write a CNC part program for turning operation.

Equipments Required: CNC TRAIN software, CNC lathe, workpiece

Procedure:
COORDINATE SYSTEM FOR A CNC LATHE
Machining of a work piece by an NC program requires a coordinate system to be applied to the
machine tool. As all machine tools have more than one slide, it is important that each slide is
identified individually. There are two planes in which movements can take place

 Longitudinal.
 Transverse.

Each plane is assigned a letter and is referred to as an axis,

 Axis X
 Axis Z

The two axis are identified by upper case X, Z and the direction of movement along each axis
(+) or (-). The Z axis is always parallel to the main spindle of the machine. The X axis is always
parallel to the work holding surface, and always at right angles to the Z axis. The coordinate
system for turning operations is shown in figure below

ZERO POINTS AND REFERENCE POINTS

All CNC machine tool traverses are controlled by coordinating systems. Their accurate position
within the machine tool is established by “ZERO POINTS”.

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MACHINE ZERO POINT (M): is specified by the manufacturer of the machine. This is the
zero point for the coordinate systems and reference points in the machine. On turning lathes,
the machine zero point is generally at the center of the spindle nose face. The main spindle axis
(center line) represents the Z axis; the face determines the X axis. The directions of the positive
X and Z axes point toward the working area as shown in figure below:

WORKPIECE ZERO POINT (W): This point determines the work piece coordinate
system in relation to the machine zero point. The work piece zero point is chosen by the
programmer and input into the CNC system when setting up the machine. The position of the
work piece zero point can be freely chosen by the programmer within the work piece
envelope of the machine. It is however advisable to place the work piece zero point in such a
manner that the dimensions in the work piece drawing can be conveniently converted into
coordinate values and orientation when clamping / chucking, setting up and checking, the
traverse measuring system can be effected easily. For turned parts, the work piece zero point
should be placed along the spindle axis (center line), in line with the right hand or left hand
end face of the finished contour as shown in figure. Occasionally the work piece zero point is
also called the “program zero point.”

CNC LATHE PROGRRAME STRUCTURE (FANUC CONTROLLER)

Start of the program

O1000 While writing a program on Fanuc controller first line has to be
started with letter “o” followed by four digit number which
specifies the program name.
G21/G20 G98/G99 G40 G21 – This code specifies that program is done in metric units
G20 - This code specifies that program is done in Imperial units

G28 U0 W0 G28 U0 W0- Makes the tool to go to home position

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M06 T0101 M06 T0101 Tool change. The first two digits after T specify
the tool position in the turret and last two digits denotes the
tool offset number.

M03 S1000 M03 – Makes the spindle rotate in clockwise direction

S1000 – Spindle rotates at 1000rmp

G00 G00 -Gives rapid position of the tool to a point specified in the
X and Z

End of the program

G28 U0 W0 G28 U0 W0- Makes the tool to go to home position.

M05 M05 –Stop the spindle rotation

M30 M30 – Program stop and rewind

Observation: Write a CNC part program for the following turning operation.

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Experiment 4: Writing and execution of part programs for CNC Milling
Machine

Objective: To write a CNC part program for milling operation.

Equipments Required: CNC TRAIN software, CNC milling machine, workpiece

Procedure:
PART PROGRAMMING GEOMETRY COORDINATE SYSTEM FOR A CNC MILL
Machining of a work piece by an NC program requires a coordinate system to be applied to
the machine tool. As all machine tools have more than one slide, it is important that each
slide is identified individually. There are three planes in which movement can take place.
 Longitudinal
 Vertical
 Transverse
Each plane is assigned a letter and is referred to as an axis, i.e.
 Axis X
 Axis Y
 Axis Z
The three axes are identified by upper case X, Y and Z and the direction of movement along
each axis is specified as either ‘+’ or ‘-‘. The Z axis is always parallel to the main spindle of
the machine. The X axis is always parallel to the work holding surface, and always at right
angles to the Z axis. The Y axis is at right angles to both Z and X axis. Figure shows the
coordinate system for milling.

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ZERO POINTS AND REFERENCE POINTS
MACHINE ZERO POINT (M): This is specified by the manufacturer of the machine. This
is the x\zero point for the coordinate systems and reference points in the machine. The machine
zero point can be the center of the table or a point along the edge of the traverse range as shown
in figure the position of the machine zero point generally varies from manufacture. The precise
position of the machine zero point as well as the axis direction must therefore be taken from
the operating instructions provided for each individual machine.

WORKPIECE ZERO POINT (W): This point determines the work piece coordinate system
in relation to the machine zero point. The work piece zero point is chosen by the programmer
and input into the CNC system when setting up the machine. The position of the work piece
zero point can be freely chosen by the programmer within the work piece envelope of the
machine. It is however, advisable to place the work piece zero point in such a manner that the
dimensions in the work piece drawing can be conveniently converted into coordinate values
and orientation when clamping/ chucking, setting up and checking the traverse measuring
system can be affected easily. For milled parts, it is generally advisable to use an extreme
corner point as the “work piece zero point”. Occasionally, the work piece zero point is called
the “program zero point”

Dimensional information in a work piece drawing can be stated in two ways:

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Observation: Write a CNC part program for the following milling operation.

Program for Circular Pocket

O0001
G28X0.0Y0.0Z0.0
M06T01
G0G54G90X0.0Y0.0
G0G43H1Z50.0
M03S1500
G01Z20.0F1500
N10
G01G90G54X0.0Y0.0F1500
G01 Z-1.0 F1000
G01 G90 G54 G42D1 X15.0 Y0.0F1500
G02X15.0Y0.0I-15.0J0.0
G01G40X0.0Y0.0
G0Z50.0
G28Z0.0
G28X0.0Y0.0
M05
M30

Program for Drilling

O0002
G28X0.0Y0.0Z0.0
M06T02
G0G54G90X30.0Y0.0
G0G43H1Z50.0
M03S1200
G01Z20.0F1500
N10
G01G90G54X30.0Y0.0F1500
G01 G83Z-10.0R1.0Q0.2F100
X0.0Y30.0
X-30.0Y0.0
X0.0Y-30.0
G0Z50.0
G28Z0.0
G28X0.0Y0.0
M05
M30

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Experiment 5: Assembly and dis-assembly of a CNC trainer kit
Objective: To identify different components of a CNC machine and assemble and dis-assemble a
CNC trainer kit.

Equipments Required: CNC trainer kit, workshop tools, etc

Principle:
Part list of 4-Axis CNC Vertical Mill

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Tool List for setup 4 axis CNC Vertical mill

Assembling Process of 4 Axis CNC Vertical Mill

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Observation: Complete assembling of 4 axis CNC Vertical Mill

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Experiment 6: Programing and practices of Flexible manufacturing systems
(FMS)
Objective: To study the working of Single Machine Cell (SMC) and writing a code to
operate it.

Equipments Required: Workstation (CNC Machine Tool), Automated Material Handling

and Storage system, Computer Control System, Conveyors, Workpiece, etc.

Principle:
Introduction to FMS: FMS consists of a group of processing work stations interconnected
by means of an automated material handling and storage system and controlled by integrated
computer control system. FMS is called flexible due to the reason that it is capable of
processing a variety of different part styles simultaneously at the workstation and quantities
of production can be adjusted in response to changing demand patterns.

Basic components of FMS

The basic components of FMS are:
1. Workstations
2. Automated Material Handling and Storage system.
3. Computer Control System

Workstations: In present day application these workstations are typically computer numerical
control (CNC) machine tools that perform machining operation on families of parts. Flexible
manufacturing systems are being designed with other type of processing equipment’s
including inspection stations, assembly works and sheet metal presses. The various
workstations are
1. Machining centres
2. Load and unload stations
3. Assembly work stations
4. Inspection stations
5. Forging stations
6. Sheet metal processing, etc.

Automated Material Handling and Storage system: The various automated material
handling systems are used to transport work parts and sub-assembly parts between the
processing stations, sometimes incorporating storage into function. The various functions of
automated material handling and storage system are
1. Random and independent movement of work parts between workstations
2. Handling of a variety of work part configurations
3. Temporary storage
4. Convenient access for loading and unloading of work parts
5. Compatible with computer control.

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Computer Control System: It is used to coordinate the activities of the processing stations
and the material handling system in the FMS. The various functions of computer control
system are:
1. Control of each work station
2. Distribution of control instruction to work station
3. Production control
4. Traffic control
5. Shuttle control
6. Work handling system and monitoring
7. System performance monitoring and reporting

Types of FMS: FMS is designed for a specific application that is a specific family of parts
and processes. Therefore each FMS is custom engineered, each FMS is unique.

1. Single Machine Cell (SMC): It consists of one CNC machining centre combined with a
parts storage system for unattended operation.

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2. Flexible Manufacturing Cell (FMC): It entails two or three dispensing workstations and
a material handling system. The material handling system is linked to a load/unload station.

3. Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS): It has four or more processing work stations
(typically CNC machining Centre’s or turning Centre’s) connected mechanically by a common
part handling system and automatically by a distributed computer system. It also includes non-
processing work stations that support production but do not directly participate in it e.g., part /
pallet washing stations, co-ordinate measuring machines. These features significantly
differentiate it from Flexible manufacturing cell (FMC).

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Report:
1. Make a code to perform the following operations:
a) Move the blank work piece from AS/RS to workstation.
b) Perform the turning operation in the workstation.
c) Move the finished work piece from workstation to AS/RS.

2. Write a brief report on the above operation (Min 500 words).

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 EXPERIMENT:7
AIM:-Preparation of work instructions for machine operator
Apparatus required:-
Brush
Holder
Measuring tape
Vernier caliper
Tool holder different types
Spanners
Allen keys
Job Instruction / Work Instruction is a systematic method assuring that the employee can perform
the job tasks correctly, safely, and consistently. They can both perform the job motions and
understand why doing them that way is important.
Need for Work instruction: In an organization, every employee has a slightly different way of doing
things as each one has a different background, experience, skillset and work culture. This introduces
variation into an organization’s workflow. The larger is the operation, the more variation works its
way into the production line.

How to Write a Work Instruction Template

Step 1: Write a Clear and Easy-to-Understand Title.
Step 2: Write a Descriptive Introduction.
Step 3: Describe the Purpose of the Task.
Step 4: Describe How To Do the Task.
Step 5: Format for Easy Reading.
Step 6: Validate the Information.
Step 7: Rewrite and Simplif.

Basic steps to prepare Job Instruction / Work Instruction / SOP:

1. Develop a list of your business processes: Talk to the concerned process owners and identify a
list of processes that need standard operating procedures.

2. Plan the process: Decide about the template format (step-by-step guide or a workflow diagram?)
and Hard Copy or Soft copy?

3. Engage employees: Fully understand the process with process owners who perform it daily.
Only speaking with management is not enough.

4. Write and review the process: Prepare work instruction and review it with process owners
again. Also, determine who will be responsible for oversight and maintenance of the standard
operating procedure. Provide training to the users.

5. Maintain the process: Once job instruction is prepared, for it to remain relevant and useful,
review frequency must be decided and followed.

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purposes of a work instruction template:

Helps to train new employees and ensure that established employees are constantly updated about the
company’s processes and procedures
Reduces the risk of human errors when employees are working on a specific task
Ensures that all employees in a department follow a specific procedure to execute their tasks
Breaks any form of communication barrier among employees in the company
Ensures that everyone in the company abides with the regulatory standards guiding it
Outlines how employees can perform complex tasks in a simple step-by-step instruction
Helps the company to implement a consistent method for all processes in each department
Explains what each part of a process or task in the company entails, such as the responsibilities, tools,
requirements, and so on.

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 EXPERIMENT 8
AIM:- Preparation of preventive maintenance schedule for CNC machine.
Daily maintenance
By far the most important part of any CNC maintenance program is daily maintenance. Do these tasks at the
end of every day if you are running a small shop or home workshop, or at the end of every shift if you are in a
larger production facility.
Perform basic cleaning
Remove built-up chips and wipe down the machine exterior. If your CNC machine has a door or viewport,
make sure that it is as clean as possible. You don’t need to deep-clean the machine every time, but you do want
to keep dirt, grime, and sludge from building up.

Check fluid levels

Just like the family vehicle, you want to make sure your CNC machine isn’t leaking hydraulic fluid or running
out of lubricant. This is a quick, daily check; there’s no need to completely change the fluids every day, but
you do want to be sure that all fluid levels are where they should be.

Communicate
Keeping good records plays a vital role in proper CNC maintenance. A daily log of what maintenance was
done and a brief note about any potential problems can play a huge role in avoiding looming issues – or in
troubleshooting them after the fact.
Even a quick, daily conversation with the CNC operators or technicians who run the machinery goes a long
way to ensure that everyone is aware of any problems as they develop.
Monthly maintenance
Every few months, depending on how many hours your machine was run, grease any moving parts and clean
any hard-to-reach filters or screens. You may also want to have your CNC machine inspected or overhauled by
a trained technician from the manufacturer.
Long-term maintenance
Every six months, perform a more in-depth inspection and cleaning of your CNC machine. Note that if you
have a regular inspection by an outside technician, that’s more than sufficient. But if you are keeping things in-
house, or this machine is for home use, here are some of the details you’ll want to inspect.
Clean coolant tanks and fluid reservoirs
Disassemble and clean chuck, jaws, and tool fixtures
Order spare parts
If you have had issues in the past, or know that a particular part on your CNC machine has a tendency to fail,
don’t wait; order and keep a spare part on hand. Nothing hurts worse than unnecessary downtime while a hard-
to-find part ships in from halfway around the world, so be prepared by keeping replacements on hand if
possible.
CNC maintenance requires some diligence but relies mostly on common sense and basic maintenance
principles. Keep a clean workspace, inspect your equipment regularly, and perform in-depth inspections at set
intervals, and your CNC machines will run smoothly for thousands of hours to come.

Preventive Maintenance Routine

1. Daily care

Check hydraulic pressure and ensure it remains at 4.5 MPa

Check hydraulic fluids
Check grease and chuck pressure
Check lube level and ensure it’s at the right operating level
Clean out chips
Clean the window of the door

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Wipe down stainless steel covers and lubricate using hydraulic oil

3-month or 500 hours

Check the chain on the chip conveyor and grease it
Check, clean or replace the filters on the coolant tank

6 months or 1000 hours

Clean the coolant tank

Remove and clean chuck and jaws
Drain and clean the hydraulic tank and replace the hydraulic oil
Change the line and suction filters
Clean the radiator and straighten radiator fins
Drain and clean lubrication unit and add fresh lube
Drain, clean, refill cooling unit
Check and adjust your machine leveling
Inspect, clean, and replace wipers

Yearly check or 2000 hours

Check headstock for taper
Check spindle for radial and end play
Check chuck cylinder for run out
Check tailstock for taper
Check the turret parallelism and inclination
Run backlash program to check the backlash in the X and Z axis
Check and adjust the X and Z axis gibs

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