Day_6 C-Programming
(RECAP OF PREVIOUS DAY)
Array(Two dimensional), its uses in matrix computation(Addition,
multiplication,sum of diagonal elements, transpose). Passing array to
function.
Two-Dimensional Arrays
Definition
A two-dimensional array is an array of arrays. It is used to store data in a tabular
format, where data is organized in rows and columns.
Declaration and Initialization
Syntax:
<datatype> arrayName[rows][columns];
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int matrix[2][3] = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6}
};
printf("Two-dimensional array elements:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
printf("%d ", matrix[i][j]);
printf("\n");
return 0;
Output:
Two-dimensional array elements:
123
456
Uses in Matrix Computation
Matrix Addition
Addition of two matrices involves adding corresponding elements of the matrices.
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int A[2][2] = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}};
int B[2][2] = {{5, 6}, {7, 8}};
int C[2][2];
printf("Matrix Addition:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
C[i][j] = A[i][j] + B[i][j];
printf("%d ", C[i][j]);
printf("\n");
return 0;
Output:
Matrix Addition:
68
10 12
Matrix Multiplication
Matrix multiplication involves taking the dot product of rows and columns.
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int A[2][2] = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}};
int B[2][2] = {{5, 6}, {7, 8}};
int C[2][2] = {0};
printf("Matrix Multiplication:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
for (int k = 0; k < 2; k++) {
C[i][j] += A[i][k] * B[k][j];
printf("%d ", C[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
Output:
Matrix Multiplication:
19 22
43 50
Sum of Diagonal Elements
Diagonal elements are those where the row index equals the column index.
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int matrix[3][3] = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9}
};
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
sum += matrix[i][i]; // Primary diagonal
printf("Sum of diagonal elements: %d\n", sum);
return 0;
Output:
Sum of diagonal elements: 15
Matrix Transpose
Transpose of a matrix is obtained by interchanging its rows and columns.
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int matrix[2][3] = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6}
};
int transpose[3][2];
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
transpose[j][i] = matrix[i][j];
printf("Transpose of the matrix:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
printf("%d ", transpose[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
Output:
Transpose of the matrix:
14
25
36
Passing Arrays to Functions
Two-dimensional arrays can be passed to functions as arguments by specifying
the size of the second dimension.
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
void printMatrix(int matrix[2][3], int rows, int cols) {
printf("Matrix:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
printf("%d ", matrix[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
int main() {
int matrix[2][3] = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6}
};
printMatrix(matrix, 2, 3);
return 0;
Output:
Matrix:
123
456
Practice Problems
1. Write a program to find the trace (sum of diagonal elements) of a 4x4
matrix.
2. Implement a function to compute the determinant of a 3x3 matrix.
3. Write a program to check if a given matrix is symmetric.
4. Implement addition and subtraction of two matrices using functions.
5. Create a program to find the row-wise and column-wise sum of a matrix.
6. Write a program to rotate a square matrix 90 degrees clockwise.
7. Implement a function to multiply two matrices of size MxN and NxP.
8. Write a program to find the largest element in each row of a matrix..
9. Write a program to check if two matrices are equal.
10. Write a program to find addition of Lower Triangular Elements in a Matrix.
11. Write a program to calculate sum of Upper Triangular Elements.
