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Simple Distillation

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Shweta Chaudhari
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22 views6 pages

Simple Distillation

Uploaded by

Shweta Chaudhari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SIMPLE DISTILLATION

CHL607 MTO II 1
SIMPLE DISTILLATION

AIM : To verify Rayleigh’s equation for simple distillation in a binary system.

APPARATUS: Distillation setup, Round bottom flask, Conical Flask, Beaker, Measuring
cylinder, specific gravity bottle, thermometer, weighing balance.
CHEMICALS: Methanol and Water.

THEORY:

CHL607 MTO II 2
PROCEDURE:

1. Prepare a calibration plot of mole fraction (x) vs. density of mixture of methanol and water.
2. Take 300 ml of a mixture of water and methanol of known composition (xF) in distillation
flask . The mixture is weighed before charging in the distillation flask.
3. Start the flow of water through the condenser.
4. Start heating at a slow rate. When the mixture starts boiling, collect 200 ml of distillate in a
weighed 250 ml flask.
5. Note down the volume and weight of the distillate collected.

OBSERVATIONS:

1. Volume of Feed mixture [ VF ]:-

2. Density of the feed mixture [  F ]:-

3. Mole fraction of methanol in the feed mixture[ x F ]:-

4. Volume of Distillate [ VD ]:-

5. Density of the Distillate [  D ]:-

6. Mole fraction of methanol in the Distillate[ x D ]:-

CHL607 MTO II 3
CALCULATIONS:-

1. Average Molecular weight of the feed mixture

M Favg  M methanol x F  M water 1  x F 

2. Average molecular weight of distillate

M Davg  M methanol x D  M water 1  x D 

3. Moles of feed mixture

VF  F
F
M Favg

4. Moles of distillate

VD  D
D
M Davg

5. Find W (Moles of residue) and xw from material balance.

F  D W

Fx F  Dx D  WxW

6. Rayleigh’s equation is given as-

xf
F  dx
ln   
W 
 y
xw
*
x 
The right hand side of the above can be solved graphically. A graph is plotted
1
between Vs x and area under the curve between the limits xW and x F
 y x
*

gives the right hand side of the above equation.

7. Verify Rayleigh’s equation.

CHL607 MTO II 4
Data from Literature:
1. Molecular weights of pure A and B
2. Vapor Liquid Equilibrium data for water and methanol at atmospheric pressure.
Calibration Data for mole fraction vs density:

Density of
Sr. No. mixture x (mol %)
1 1.0065 0
2 0.975 0.047
3 0.971 0.099
4 0.9425 0.158
5 0.923 0.226
6 0.9195 0.305
7 0.896 0.397
8 0.873 0.506
9 0.8425 0.637
10 0.7795 1

Vapour Liquid Equilibrium Data for methanol – water :

Sr. Vapour Phase Composition Liquid Phase Composition 1/y*- x


No. (y*) (x)
1 0 0 ND

2 0.159 0.026 7.519


3 0.44 0.108 3.01
4 0.572 0.191 2.625
5 0.666 0.294 2.688
6 0.734 0.402 3.01
7 0.785 0.502 3.534
8 0.835 0.624 4.74
9 0.877 0.717 6.25
10 0.91 0.79 8.33
11 0.971 0.938 30.30
12 1 1 ND

CHL607 MTO II 5
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION:
 Desalinizing water
 Oil Refining
 In purifying cosmetic, pharmaceutical and chemical products

QUESTIONS:

1. Why distillation is needed?


2. Why simple distillation is also known as differential distillation?
3. What is relative volatility?
4. What is bubble point?
5. What is dew point?
6. What is flash distillation?
7. What is constant boiling mixture?
8. How to generate x-y data if the relative volatility is known?
9. What are different methods of distillation?
10. What is Rayleigh’s equation?

CHL607 MTO II 6

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