IT Application Tools and Business

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Chapter 1: Introducing Today’s Scanner - a light-sensing input device that converts

Technologies printed text and images into a form the computer can
process.
Digital Literacy involves having a current knowledge
and understanding of computers, mobile devices, the Output Device – is any hardware component that
web, and related technologies. conveys information from a computer or mobile device
to one or more people.
Computer
 is an electronic device, operating under the Printer – is an output device that produces text and
control of instructions stored in its own memory. graphics on a physical medium, such as paper or other
 Accepts Data (input) -> Processing -> Produces material.
information (output)
 Laptop, tablet, desktop, and all-in-one server 3D Printer - can print solid objects.

Mobile and Game Devices Display – an output device that visually conveys text,
 Smartphone graphics, and video information.
 Digital Camera
 Portable and digital media player Speakers - allow you to hear audio such as music, voice
 E-book reader and other sounds.
 Wearable Device
 Game Device Memory – consists of electronic component that store
instructions waiting to be executed and the data needed
Data and Information by those instructions.
Step 1: cashier scans or enters items purchases and the
amount received from the customer. These items are Storage Media – where the computer keeps data,
entered into the computer as data (input). instructions, and information.

Step 2: the computer receives the entered data. Stores it, Storage Device – records(write) and retrieves(reads)
processes the data into information (the receipt), and items to and from storage media.
stores the resulting information.
Examples:
Storage and Processes  Hard Disk
 Stores entered data.  Solid-State Drive
 Organizes data.  USB Flash Drive
 Stores resulting information.  Memory Card
 Optical Disc
Step 3: The resulting information (the cash register  Cloud Storage
receipt) is printed for the customer.
Internet - a worldwide collection of computer networks
Keyboard - contains keys you press to enter data and that connects millions of businesses, government
instructions into a computer or mobile device. agencies, educational institutions, and individuals.

Pointing Device (mouse) - is an input device that allows World Wide Web – web for short, is a global library of
a user to control a small symbol on the screen called the information available to anyone connected to the
pointer. internet.

Some mobile devices and computers enable you to Web – consists of a worldwide collection of electronic
capture live full-motion images using video input documents, each of which is called a webpage.
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Web Server – a computer that delivers requested Software Developer – sometimes called a developer or
webpages to your computer. programmer, is someone who develops prgrams and
apps or writes the instructions that dirct the computer or
Website - a collection of related webpages. mobile device to process

Browser – software that enables users with an internet Communications and Networks
connection to access and view webpages on a computer  Use information generated by one or more of
or mobile device. these technologies.

Search Engine - software that finds websites, Communication Device

webpages, images, videos, new, maps, and other  Is hardware capable of transferring items from
information related to a specific computers and devices to transmission media

Online Social Network – encourages members to share Wireless Communications Technologies: Wifi, Cellular
their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos Radio
with other registered
Network - collection of computers and devices
Digital Safety and Security – it is important that users connected together, often wirelessly, via communication
protect their computers and mobile devices. (Viruses and devices, and transmission.
other malware, privacy, health concerns, environmental
issues) Communications And Networks
Home Networks
Green Computing – involves reducing the electricity  Connect to the internet
consumed and environmental waste generated when  Share a single high-speed internet connection.
using a computers.  Access, photos, music, videos, and other content
- Strategies includes:  Share devices
o Recycling  Play multiplayer ga,es
o Using energy efficient hardware and  Connect game consoles to the Internet
energy saving features  Subscribe to and use VoIP
o Regulating manufacturing processes.  Interact with other devices
o Extending the life of computers
o Immediately donating or properly Business Networks
disposing of replaced computers.  Facilitate communications
 Share hardware
Software - also called program, tells the computer  Share data, information, and software.
what tasks to perform and how to perform them.
- System Software Technology Uses Technology
- Applications  Education users
 Government  Home ser
 Finance  Small
Programs and Apps  Retail Home/Office
 Installing a program is the process of setting up  Entertainmen r User
the program to work with the computer, mobile t  Mobile User
device, printer, and/or other hardware.  Health Care  Power User
 Once installed, you can run a program so that  Science  Enterprise
you can interact with it.  Travel
 You interact with a program through its user  Publishing
interface.  Manufacturin
IT Application Tools and Business
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g  programming language used by nearly all relational
databases to query, manipulate, and define data, and
to provide access control.

Chapter 2: Database
 First developed at IBM in the 1970s with Oracle as a
Database major contributor, which led to implementation of the
 Organized structured information, or data, SQL ANSI standard.
typically stored electronically in a computer
system.  SQL has spurred many extensions from companies such
 Usually controlled by a database management as IBM, Oracle, and Microsoft. Although SQL is widely
system (DBMS). used today, new programming languages are beginning
 The data and DBMS, along with applications to appear.
associated with them, are reffered to as database
system or database. Different Types of Databases

Data within the most common types of databases in Relational Databases

operation today is typically modeled in rows and -Became dominant in the 1980s.
cplumns in a series of tables to make processing and data -Items are organized as a set of tables with columns and
querying efficient. rows.
-Technology provides the most efficient and flexible way
The data can then be easily accessed, managed, to access structured information.
modified, updated, controlled, and organized.
Object-oriented Databases
Most data bases use structured query language (SQL) - Information are presented in the form of objects, as in
for writing and querying data. object-oriented programming.

What are data bases used for? Distributed Databases

Improve business processes. Companies collect data - Consists of two or more files located in different
about business processes such as sales, order processing sites.
and customer service. They analyze that data to improve - Database may be stored on multiple computers,
these processes, expand their businesses and grow located in the same physical location, or scattered
revenue. over different networks

Keep track of customers. Databases often store Data Warehouses

information about people, such as customers or users. - Central repository, is a type of database specifically
For example, social media platforms use databases to designed for fast query and analysis.
store user information, such as names, email addresses
and user behavior. The data is used to recommend NoSQL Databases
content users and improve user experience. - NoSQL or nonrelational database, allows
unstructured and semi structured data to be stored
Secure personal health information. Healthcare and manipulated (in contrast to relational
providers use databases to securely store personal health databases, which defined how all data inserted into
data to inform and improve patient care. the database must be composed).
- NoSQL databases grew popular as web applications
Structure Query Language (SQL) became more common and complex.

Graph Databases
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- A graph database stored data in terms of entites and Database Challenges
the relationships between entities.  Absorbing Significant Increases in Data Volume
- The explosion of data coming in from sensors,
connected machines, and dozens of other sources
keeps database administrators scrambling to

Open Source Databases manage and organize their companies’ data

- One whose source code is an open source; such efficiently.
databases could be SQL or NoSQL databases.
 Ensuring Data Security
Cloud databases - Data breaches are happening everywhere these
- Collection of data, either structured or unstructured, days, and hackers are getting more inventive. It’s
that resides on a private, public, or hybrid cloud more important than ever to ensure that data is
computing platform. secure but also easily accessible to users.
- Two types of cloud database models, traditional and
database as a service (DBaaS).  Keeping up with Demand
- With DBaaS, administrative tasks and maintenance - In today’s fast-moving business environment,
are performed by a service provider. companies need real-time access to their data to
support timely decision-making and to take
Self-driving Database advantage of new opportunities.
- Also known as autonomous databases.
- The newest and most groundbreaking type of  Managing and Maintaining the Databases and
database, self-driving databases. Infrastructures.
- Cloud-base and use machine learning to automate - Database must continually watch the database
database tuning security, backups, updates and other for problem and perform preventative
routine management tasks traditionally performed maintenance, as well as apply software upgrades
by database administrators. and patches.
- As database becomes more complex and data
Database Software volumes grow, companies are faced with the
-Used to create, edit, and maintain database files and expense of hiring additional talent to monitor
records, enabling easier file and record creation, data and tune their databases.
entry, data-editing, updating, and reporting, multi-
access control, and security.  Removing Limits on Scalability
-Strong database security is especially important today, as - A business to grow if it’s going to survive, and
data theft becomes more frequent. its data management must grow along with it.
-Database software is sometimes also referred to as a But it’s very difficult for database administrators
“database management system” (DBMS) to predict how much capacity the company will
need, particularly with on-premises databases.
Database Management System (DBMS)
-comprehensive database software program.  Ensuring data Residency, Data Sovereignty, or
-Serves as an interface between the database and end Latency Requirements
users or programs, allowing users to retrieve, update, - Some organizations have use cases that are
and manage how the information is organized and better suited to run on-premises, In those cases,
optimized. engineered systems that are pre-configured and
-Facilitates oversight and control databases, enabling a pre-optimized for running the database are ideal.
variety of administrative operations such as Customers achieve higher availability, greater
performance monitoring, tuning, and backup and performance and up to 40% lower cost with
recovery. Oracle Exadata, according to Wikbon’s recent
analysis.
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- Transcript.

Chapter 3: Microsoft Access

Working with Forms
Database – organized collection of structure information - Usually gives you a more user-friendly interface for
or data. Typically stored electronically in a computer entering data and make sure that the data goes exactly
system. where it needs to be.

Data within the most common types of data bases in

operation today is typically modeled in rows and
columns in a series of tables to make processing data.

Microsoft Excel – good for storing data.

Microsoft Access
- Stores data and connects them.
- Can add objects like tables, forms, queries, and
reports.

Database Object
- Any defined object in a database that is used to
store or reference data.
- Four simple objects: tables, forms, queries,
reports.

Table
- Heart of any database.
- Place where information is stores.
- Other three objects lets you work with
information.

Forms
- Used for entering, modifying, and viewing
records.
- Like the forms answered when enrolling.

Queries
- Gives a way to search for and compile data from
one or more of tables.
- Like asking detailed question of the database.

Reports
- Gives you the ability to present your data –
from any table or query – in print.