DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY
RAJKOT

SYLLABUS
(CBCS)
WITH EFFECT FROM JUNE-2010
 DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
Course Structure and Scheme of Examination
For Choice based Credit System (CBCS)
(With effect from June-2010)

 Course: M.Sc. (Mathematics)

 Eligibility for the admission:- B.Sc. (Mathematics)

 Duration:-Two years

Semester 1

Duration
No. of Weightage Weightage Of
Subject Title of the Course Hrs. For For Semester Total Semester
Code Course Credits Per Internal End Marks end
Week Examination Examination Exam in
hrs.
CMT – Algebra 1
4 4 30 70 100 3
1001
CMT – Real Analysis
4 4 30 70 100 3
1002
CMT – Topology 1
4 4 30 70 100 3
1003
CMT – Theory of
1004 Ordinary
4 4 30 70 100 3
Differential
Equations
CMT – Seminar and
4
1005 Problem 4 - 100 100 -
Session
EMT – Classical
4 4 30 70 100 3
1001 Mechanics 1
Total 24 600

1
 Semester 2

Duration
Weightage
No. of Weightage Of
For
Subject Title of the Course Hrs. For Total Semester
Semester
Code Course Credits Per Internal Marks end
End
Week Examination Exam in
Examination
hrs.
CMT – Algebra 2
4 4 30 70 100 3
2001
CMT – Complex
4 4 30 70 100 3
2002 Analysis
CMT – Topology 2
4 4 30 70 100 3
2003
CMT – Methods in
2004 Partial
4 4 30 70 100 3
Differential
Equations
CMT – Seminar and
4
2005 Problem 4 - 100 100 -
Session
EMT – Classical
4 4 30 70 100 3
2001 Mechanics 2
Total 24 600

2
 Semester 3

Weightage Weightage Duration

Subject Course No. of Hrs. For For Semester Total Of Semester
Title of the Course
Code Credits Per Week Internal End Marks end
Examination Examination Exam in hrs.
Prog. In C &
CMT – 3001 4 4 30 70 100 3
Numerical Methods
CMT – 3002 Functional Analysis 4 4 30 70 100 3
CMT – 3003 Number Theory 1 4 4 30 70 100 3
CMT – 3004 Discrete Mathematics 4 4 30 70 100 3
Differential Geometry
EMT – 3011
OR
OR
Sp. Theory of 4 4 30 70 100 3
EMT – 3021
Relativity and Tensor
Analysis
Practical ( Comp.
PMT – 3001 4 8 - 100 100 3
Applications )
Total 24 600

3
 Semester 4

Weightage Weightage Duration

Subject Course No. of Hrs. For For Semester Total Of Semester
Title of the Course
Code Credits Per Week Internal End Marks end
Examination Examination Exam in hrs.
Commutative Ring
CMT – 4001 4 4 30 70 100 3
Theory
CMT – 4002 Integration Theory 4 4 30 70 100 3
CMT – 4003 Number Theory 2 4 4 30 70 100 3
CMT – 4004 Graph Theory 4 4 30 70 100 3
EMT – 4011 Financial
Mathematics
OR OR
EMT – 4021 General Theory of 4 4 30 70 100 3
Relativity &
OR Cosmology
EMT – 4031 OR Linear Algebra
Practical
(Numerical
PMT – 4001 4 8 - 100 100 3
Methods with
Prog.)
Total 24 600

M.Sc.(Mathematics) - SEMESTER 1
CMT - 1001 Algebra I
CMT - 1002 Real Analysis
CMT - 1003 Topology I
CMT - 1004 Theory of Ordinary Differential Equations
CMT - 1005 Seminar and Problem Session
EMT - 1001 Classical Mechanics I

4
 M.Sc.(Mathematics) - SEMESTER 2
CMT - 2001 Algebra II
CMT - 2002 Complex Analysis
CMT - 2003 Topology II
CMT - 2004 Methods in Partial Differential Equations
CMT - 2005 Seminar and Problem Session
EMT - 2001 Classical Mechanics II

M.Sc.(Mathematics) - SEMESTER 3
CMT - 3001 Prog. In C & Numerical Methods
CMT - 3002 Functional Analysis
CMT - 3003 Number Theory 1
CMT - 3004 Discrete Mathematics
EMT - 3011 Differential Geometry
OR
EMT - 3021 Sp. Theory of Relativity and Tensor Analysis
PMT - 3001 Practical ( Programming in C )

5
 M.Sc.(Mathematics) - SEMESTER 4
CMT - 4001 Commutative Ring Theory
CMT - 4002 Integration Theory
CMT - 4003 Number Theory 2
CMT - 4004 Graph Theory
EMT - 4011 Financial Mathematics
OR
EMT - 4021 General Theory of Relativity & Cosmology
OR
EMT - 4031 Linear Algebra
PMT – 4001Practical (Computer Oriented Numerical Methods)

* CMT – Core Subject, EMT –Elective Subject, PMT - Practical

♦ Passing Standard is 40% in Internal as well as in external
examinations for all the courses.
♦ Student will have to clear internal as well as external
examinations. (i.e. internal examination with minimum 40%
and external examination with minimum 40% is compulsory)
and student can earn credits mentioned against each
course.
♦ There will be two internal examinations in each course and
average of both the examinations will be considered.

6
 M .S c . S E M E S T E R 1

Sub. Code: CMT-1001

Core Sub. 1: Algebra 1

Unit 1
Permutation groups, Isomorphism theorems,
Automorphisms, Conjugacy and G-sets, Alternating group A n ,
Simplicity of A n .

Unit 2
Normal Series, Solvable Groups, Nilpotent Groups.

Unit 3
Direct Products, Finitely Generated Abelian Groups,
Invariants of a finite Abelian Groups, Sylow Theorems.

Unit 4
Ideals, Homomorphisms, Sum and Direct Sum of Ideals,
Maximal and Prime Ideals, Nilpotent and Nil Ideals.

Unit 5
Euclidean domains, Principal Ideal Domains, Unique
Factorization Domains and Polynomial Rings over UFD.

The course is covered by the above topics from the book:

Basic Abstract Algebra by P. B. Bhattacharya, S. K. Jain and
S. R. Nagpaul, Second Edition, Cambridge University Press,
1995.

Reference Books:-

1) Algebra by M. Artin, Prentice-Hall of India Private Ltd.,

New Delhi, 1994.
2) Algebra Volume 1 by P.M. Cohn, John Wiley Pub., New
York, 1974.

7
3) Contemporary Abstract Algebra by J. A. Gallian, Fourth
Edition, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 1999.
4) University Algebra by N. S. Gopalakrishnan, New Age
International Private Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi, Sixth
Reprint, 1998.
5) Topics in Algebra by I. N. Herstein, Second Edition, Wiley
Pub. , New York, 1975.
6) Algebra by T. W. Hungerford, Springer-Verlag, First
Indian Reprint, 2004.

8
 M .S c . S E M E S T E R 1

Sub. Code: CMT-1002

Core Sub. 2: Real Analysis

Unit 1
Algebra and σ-algebra of sets, Borel sets, Lebesgue outer
measure in R, Measurable sets and Lebesgue measure,
Measurable functions, A non-measurable set and Littlewood’s
three principles.
Unit 2
The Reimann integral, Lebesgue integral of simple
functions and bounded functions, Bounded convergence
theorem.
Unit 3
The Lebesgue integral of non-negative measurable
functions, Fatou’s Lemma, Monotone convergence theorem,
The general Lebegue integral, Convergence in sense of
measure.

Unit 4
Differentiation of Monotone functions, Function of
Bounded variation, Differentiation of an integral.

Unit 5
The L p-spaces,The Minkowaski’s inequality, Holder’s
inequality, Convergence and completeness.

Reference Books:-

1) Royden H. L., Real Analysis (Third Edition), Macmillan

Publ. Company, New York.
2) Rana I. K., An introduction to measure and integration,
Narosa Publ. House, New Delhi.
3) De Barra G., Introduction to measure theory, Van
Nostrand Reinhold Company.

9
 M .S c . S E M E S T E R 1

Sub. Code: CMT-1003

Core Sub. 3: Topology 1

Unit 1
Relations, Well ordered set, Topological spaces, Basis for
a Topology.

Unit 2
The Subspace Topology, Order Topology, Product
Topology, Closed sets and limit points.

Unit 3
Continuous functions, Metric Topology, Quotient Topology.

Unit 4
T 1 - spaces, Hausdorff spaces, Regular spaces and Normal
spaces, Urysohan’s Lemma and Tietze extension theorem.

Reference Books:-

1) Munkres J., Topology : A first course, Prentice-Hall of

India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.

2) Simmons G. F., Introduction to Topology and Modern

Analysis, McGraw Hill Company, Tokyo.

3) Willards S., General Topology, Addition-Wesley, Reading,

1970.

10
 M .S c . S E M E S T E R 1

Sub. Code: CMT-1004

Core Sub. 4: Theory of Ordinary Differential Equations

Unit 1: Linear System of Differential Equations

The existence and uniqueness theorem, Linear
Homogenous systems, Linear Non-Homogenous systems,
Nonlinear system of first order equations.

Unit 2: Linear System with constant coefficients

The exponential of matrix, Eigen values and eigen vectors
of matrices, calculation of fundamental matrix, two
dimentional linear systems, some population problems, an
electric circuit .

Unit 3: Series solutions of Linear Differential Equations

Review of properties of power series, second order linear
equations with analytic coefficients, theorem on solutions in
power series, singular points of linear differential equations,
solutions about a regular singular point, exceptional cases,
the Bessel equation and some properties of Bessel functions,
singularities at infinity, irregular singular points with an
introduction to asymptotic expansions

Unit 4: Existence theory

Existence of solutions, uniqueness of solutions,
continuation of solutions, the non linear simple pendulum,
existence theory for system of first order equations and higher
order equations, linear systems, defendence on initial
conditions.

11
Unit 5: Laplace Transforms
Linearity, existence theorem, Laplace transform of
derivatives and integrals, shifting theorem, differentiation and
integraton of transforms, convolution theorem, inverse Laplace
transform, solution of Ordinary Differential equations and
integral equations.

This course is covered by “Ordinary Differential

Equations”, First course by R. Brauer and J. A. Nohel, Second
edition, Benjamin Inc.

Reference Books:-
1) Ordinary Differential Equations by G. Birkoff and G. C.
Rota, Second edition, Ginn and Co(1995)
2) Introduction to Ordinary Differential Equations by E. A.
Coddington, Prentice Hall of India, 1996.
3) Elements of Ordinary Differential Equations by M Golom
and M. E. Shinks, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill Books
Co., 1965.
4) Theory and Problems of Differential Equations by F.
Ayers, McGraw Hill, 1972.
5) Advanced Engineering Mathematics by E. Kreyzig, John
Willey and Sons, 2002.

12
 M .S c . S E M E S T E R 1

Sub. Code: EMT-1001

Elective Sub.1: Classical Mechanics 1

Unit 1: D’Alemberts principle and Lagrange’s Equations

• Conservation theorem for linear momentum and angular
momentum for a particle.
• Conservation theorem for linear momentum and angular
momentum for a system of particles.
• Classification of dynamical system.
• Constraints.
• Virtual displacement and principle of virtual work.
• Generalized force in holonomic system
• Mathematical expression for principle of virtual work
• D’Almbert’s principle
• Langrange’s equation for holonomic system
• Lagranges’ equation for conservative non-holonomic
system
• Problems on above topics

Unit 2: Variational principle and Lagrange’s equations

• Variational principle
• Calculus of variations
• Hamilton’s principle
• Derivation of Hamilton’s prnciple from Lagrange’s
equation
• Derivation of Lagrange’s equations from Hamilton’s
principle

13
 • Cyclic co-ordinates
• Conservation theorems
• Problems on above topics

Unit 3: Two Body Central force problem

• Reduction to equivalent one body problem
• The equations of motion and first integrals
• The equivalent one dimensional problem and
classification of orbits
• The inverse square law of force.

The course is covered by the above topics from the book:

1. Classical Mechanics by H. Goldstein, 2nd Edition,
Narosa Publishing House
2. Classical Mechanics by C. R. Mondal, Prentice Hall of
India Pvt. Ltd.

14
 M .S c . S E M E S T E R 2

Sub. Code: CMT-2001

Core Sub. 1: Algebra 2

Unit 1
Irreducible Polynomials and Eisenstein Criterion,
Adjunction of roots, Algebraic Extensions, Algebraically closed
fields.

Unit 2
Splitting fields, Normal extensions, Multiple roots, Finite
fields, Separable extensions.

Unit 3
Automorphism groups and fixed fields, Fundamental
theorem of Galois theory, Fundamental theorem of Algebra.

Unit 4
Roots of unity and cyclotomic polynomials, Cyclic
extensions, Polynomials solvable by radicals, Symmetric
functions, Ruler and compass constructions.

Unit 5
Definitions and examples of Modules, Submodules and
directsums, R-homomorphisms and quotient modules,
Completely reducible modules, Free modules, Noetherian and
Artinian modules.

The course is covered by the above topics from the book:

Basic Abstract Algebra by P. B. Bhattacharya, S. K. Jain and
S. R. Nagpaul, Second Edition, Cambridge University Press,
1995.

15
Reference Books:-

1) Algebra by M. Artin, Prentice-Hall of India Private Ltd.,

New Delhi, 1994.
2) Contemporary Abstract Algebra by J. A. Gallian, Fourth
Edition, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 1999.
3) University Algebra by N. S. Gopalakrishnan, New Age
International Private Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi, Sixth
Reprint, 1998.
4) Topics in Algebra by I. N. Herstein, Second Edition, Wiley
Pub. , New York, 1975.
5) Basic Algebra Volume I and Volume II by Jacobson,
Freeman, San Francisco, 1974, 1980.
6) Algebra by S. Lang, 3rd Edition, Addison – Wesley, 1993.
7) Galois Theory by I. Stewart, Second Edition, Chapman
and Hall, 1989.

16
 M .S c . S E M E S T E R 2

Sub. Code: CMT-2002

Core Sub. 2: Complex Analysis

Unit 1
The extended complex plane and its spherical
representation, analytic functions, bilinear transformations,
their properties and classifications, Branches of many valued
functions with special reference to arg z, log z and za,
elementary Riemann surfaces, definition and properties of
conformal mapping.
Unit 2
Riemann – Steiltjes integral and its properties, line
integral and its properties, fundamental theorem of calculus
for line integral, Leibnitz rule, Taylor’s theorem, Cauchy’s
integral formula dn Cauchy’s theorem for analytic functions
on an open disc, winding number of a closed rectifiable curve
with respect to a point outside the curve and its properties,
Cauchy’s integral formula first version and second version,
Cauchy’s theorem first version.
Unit 3
Cauchy – Goursat theorem, Moreras theorem, Cauchy’s
inequality, entire functions, LIouville’s theorem, identity
theorem, fundamental theorem of algebra, maximum modulus
theorem and minimum modulus theorem.
Unit 4
Schwartz lemma, meromorphic functions, argument
principle, Rouche’s theorem, Open Mapping Theorem, Inverse
function theorem.
Unit 5
Isolated singularities, classifications of singularities,
Laurent’s series, residue theorem, evaluation of integrals.

17
 This course is covered by relevant portions from the text
“Functions of One Complex Variable” by John B. Conway,
Third Edition, Springer International Student Edition, Narosa
Publishing House.

Reference Books:-
1) Complex Analysis by L. V. Ahlfors, International Student
Edition, Mc Graw – Hill Book Company, 1979.
2) Complex Analysis by Karunakaran, Second Edition,
Narosa Publishing House, 2006.
3) A First Course in Complex Analysis with Applications by
Dennis G. Zill and Patrik D. Shanahan, Second Edition,
Jones & Bartlett Student Edition, 2010.
4) Complex Analysis by S. Lang, Addison-Wesley, 1977.
5) Foundations of Complex Analysis by S. Ponnusamy,
Narosa Publishing House, 1977.
6) Fundamentals of Complex Analysis with Applications to
Engineering and Science by E. B. Saff and A. D. Snider,
Third Edition, Pearson Education.
7) Notes on Complex Function Theory by D. Sarasan,
Hindustan Book Agency, 1994.

18
 M .S c . S E M E S T E R 2

Sub. Code: CMT-2003

Core Sub. 3: Topology 2

Unit 1
Connected spaces and components, Path components.

Unit 2
Nets and Filters, Tychonoff theorem.

Unit 3
The product and quotient topologies, Separation
properties in products and quotient spaces.

Unit 4
Compact spaces, Product and quotient of compact
spaces, Limit point and Compactness, Locally copactness.

Reference Books:-

1) Munkres J., Topology : A first course, Prentice Hall of

India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.

2) Kelly J. L., General Topology, Van Nostrand Reinhold

Company, 1965.

3) Willards S., General Topology, Addition-Wesley, Reading,

1970.

19
 M .S c . S E M E S T E R 2

Sub. Code: CMT-2004

Core Sub. 4: Methods in Partial Differential Equations
Unit 1
Surfaces and curves in three dimensions, simultaneous
differential equations of the first order and the first degree in
dx dy dz
three variables, methods of solutions of = = , orthogonal
P Q R
trajectories of a system of curves on a surface.
Unit 2
Pffafian differential forms and equations, solutions of
Pffafian differential equations in three variables, miscellaneous
problems.
Unit 3
Partial Differential Equations, origins of first order partial
differential equations, linear equations of the first order,
integral surfaces passing through a given curve, Cauchy
problem of the first order, surfaces orthogonal in a given
system of surfaces.
Unit 4
Non – linear partial differential equations of the first
order, Charpit’s method, special types of first order equations,
solution satisfying given conditions, Jacobi’s method,
applications of first order equations, miscellaneous problems.
Unit 5
The origin of second order equations, second order
equations in physics, linear partial differential equations with
constant coefficients, equations with variable coefficients of
the second order.

20
 This course is covered by relevant portions from,
“Elements of Partial Differential Equations” by I. Sneddon,
Mc Graw Hill.

Reference Books:-
1) Partial Differential Equations by F. John, Narosa
Publishing House, New Delhi, 1979.
2) Elementary Course in Partial Differential Equations by
Amarnath, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 1997.

21
 M .S c . S E M E S T E R 2

S u b . C o d e : E M T -2001
E l e c t i v e S u b . 1: C l a s s i c a l
Me c h a n i c s 2

Unit 1: Equations of Motion and Rigid bodies

Independent co-ordinates of rigid bodies, generalized co-
ordinates of a rigid bodies, Euler angles, Cayley-Klein
parameters and related quantities, components of angular
velocity along the body set of axes, Euler’s theorem on the
motion of a rigid body, rate of change of a vector, the coriolis
force, Euler’s equations of motion for a rigid body, finite
rotations, infinitesimal rotations.

Unit 2: The Rigid Body Equations of Motion

Angular momentum and kinetic energy of motion about a
point, the inertia tensor and moment of inertia, the heavy
symmetrical top with one point fixed.

Unit 3: Hamilton’s equation of Motion

Derivation of Hamilton’s equation of motion, Routh’s
procedure, derivation of Hamilton’s equation from Hamilton’s
Principle, principle of least action, problem related to above
topics.

Unit 4: Canonical transformations and Generating functions

Poisson’s brackets and their properties, Hamilton-Jacobi
theory, problem related to above topics.

The course is covered by the above topics from the book:

22
1. Classical Mechanics by H. Goldstein, 2nd Edition,
Narosa Publishing House
2. Classical Mechnaics by C. R. Mondal, Prentice Hall of
India Pvt. Ltd.

23
 M .S c . S E M E S T E R 3

S u b . C o d e : C M T -3001
C o r e S u b . 1: P r o g . I n C &
N u me r i c a l Me t h o d s

Unit 1
Constants, variables, C tokens, keywords, identifiers,
declaration of variables, operations and expressions, managing
input and output operations and formatted output.

Unit 2
Decision making and branching statements like – if then
else, if then switch, go to and loops, jump in loops

Unit 3
One or two dimensional array and their initialization,
handling of character strings, User defined functions,
structure, unions, pointers and file management in C.

Unit 4
Iterative methods introduction, beginning an iterative
method, method of successive bisection, method of false
position, Newton-Raphson iterative method, secant method,
method of successive approximation, comparison of iterative
methods, solution of polynomial equation.

Unit 5
Solution of simultaneous algebraic equations
introduction, Gauss elimination method, ill conditioned
equations, refinement of the solution obtained by Gaussian
elimination, Gauss-Seidel iterative method, comparison of
direct and iterative methods. Interpolation introduction,
Lagrange interpolation, difference tables.

24
Reference Books:-

1) Introductory methods of Numerical analysis by S S Sastry,

Prentice Hall of India, 1998.
2) Computer Oriented Numerical Methods by V. Rajaraman,
Prentice Hall of India, 1994.
3) Programming in C, by E. Balagurusami units 2 to 12.

25
 M .S c . S E M E S T E R 3

S u b . C o d e : C M T -3002
C o r e S u b . 2: F u n c t i o n a l
An a l y s i s

Unit 1
Normed linear spaces, Banach spaces, Quotient space of
a normed linear spaces and its completeness, bounded linear
transformations, normed linear spaces of bounded linear
transformations, dual spaces with examples.

Unit 2
Weak convergence in normed linear spaces, equivalent
norms, Riesz lemma, Basic properties of finite dimensional
normed linear spaces and compactness, weak convergence in
normed linear spaces, reflexive spaces.

Unit 3
Uniform Boundedness theorem and its consequences,
open mapping theorem, closed graph theorem, Hahn-Banach
theorem for normed linear spaces, compact operations,
solvability of linear equations in Banach spaces, the closed
range theorem.

Unit 4
Inner product space, Hilbert space, orthonormal sets,
Bessel’s inequality, complete orthonormal sets, Parseval’s
identity, structure of Hilbert spaces, projection theorem, Riesz
representation theorem for bounded linear functional on
Hilbert spaces, reflexivity of Hilbert spaces.

26
 Unit 5
Adjoint of an operator on a Hilbert space, self – adjoint,
Normal, Unitary, Positive and Projection operators on Hilbert
spaces, abstract variation boundary – value problem, the
generalized Lax-Milgrem theorem.

This course is covered by relevant portions from the text

“Introductory Functional Analysis with Applications”, John
Wiley and Sons, Newyork, 1978.

Reference Books:-

1) Bachman G. and Warici L, Functional Analysis,

Academic Press, 1966.
2) Convway J. B., A Course in Functional Analysis,
Springer-verlag, Newyork, 1990.
3) Krishnan V. K. , Text Book of Functional Analysis; A
Problem oriented approach, Printice Hall of India, 2001.
4) Limaye B. V., Functional Analysis, New Age International
Pvt. Ltd., 2001.
5) Simmons G. F., Introduction to Topology and Modern
Analysis, McGraw – Hill book company, Newyork, 1963.
6) Tayor A. E., Introduction to Functional analysis, John
Wiley and Sons, Newyork, 1958.

27
 M .S c . S E M E S T E R 3

S u b . C o d e : C M T -3003
C o r e S u b . 3: N u m b e r Th e o r y - 1

Unit 1
Divisibility, Prime Numbers.

Unit 2
Congruences, Linear Congruences and their solutions,
Chinese Remainder Theorem, Degree of a Congruence relation
and related theorems.

Unit 3
Primitive rules and related Theorems and Examples,
Related Congruences and their solutions.

Unit 4
Largest Integer functions and related results, Arithmetic
Functions.

Reference Books:-

1) THE THEORY OF NUMBERS (Authors: Ivan Niven

,Herbert S. Zuckerman, Hugh L. Montgomery)
2) NUMBER THEORY (Authors: Z. I. Borevich and I. R.
Shafarevich)
3) AN INTRODUCTION TO THE GEOMETRY OF NUMBERS
(Authors: J. W. S. Cassels)
4) HISTORY OF THE THEORY OF NUMBERS (Authors: L. E.
Dickson)

28
 M.Sc. SEMESTER 3

Sub. Code: CMT-3004

Core Sub. 3: Discrete Mathematics

Unit 1
Semigroups and Monoids, Homomorphism of Semigroups
and Monoids, Products and Quotients of semigroups,
Fundamental theorem of Homomorphism of Semigroups,
Subsemigroups and submonoids. Relations, Transitive Closure
and Warshall's Algorithm

Unit 2
Lattices as partially ordered sets, Properties of Lattices,
Lattices as algebraic systems, Sublattices, Direct product and
Homomorphisms of Lattices, Some Special Lattices,Finite
Boolean Algebras, Functions on Boolean Algebras, Karnaugh
Map Method.
Unit 3
Languages and Grammars, Finite State
Machines,Semigroups, Machines and Languages, Moore
Machines, Simplification of Machines, Moore Machines and
Regular Languages, Kleene's Theorem, Pumping Lemma,
Nondeterministic Finite State Automata.

Unit 4
Propositions and Logical operations, Truth tables,
Conditional statements and Logical Equivalence, Quantifiers,
Rules of Inference.
Unit 5
Elements of Coding Theory, The Hamming Metric, The
Parity-Check and Generator Matrices, Group Codes: Decoding
with Coset Leaders, Hamming Matrices.

29
Reference Books:-

1) Grimaldi,R.P, Discrete and Combinatorial

Mathematics,3rd Edition, Addison-Wesley Publishing
Company, 1994.
2) Johnsonbaugh,R., Discrete Mathematics, Pearson
Education,First Indian Reprint,2001.
3) Kolman,B, Busby,R.C., Ross,S.C., Discrete Mathematical
Structures, 5th Edition, Pearson Education,2006.
4) Lawson,M.V., Finite Automata, Chapman and Hall/CRC
Press, 2004.
Tremblay, J.P., Manohar,R., Discrete Mathematical Structures
with Applications to Computer Science, Tata-McGraw Hill
Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi,21st Reprint, 2004.

30
 M .S c . S E M E S T E R 3
S u b . C o d e : E M T -3011
E l e c t i v e S u b . 1:
Di f f e r e n t i a l G e o me t r y

Unit 1
Local theory of curves, space curves, examples. Planar
curves, Helices, Frenet – Serret apparatus. Existence of space
curves, involutes and evolutes of curves.

Unit 2
Local theory of surfaces – parametric patches on surface.
First Fundamental form and arc length.

Unit 3
Normal curvature, Geodesic curvature and Gauss
formulae, Shape operator Lp of a surface at a point, vector field
a curve.
Unit 4
Second and third fundamental forms of a surface,
Weingarten map, principal curvatures, Gaussian curvature,
mean and normal curvatures.

Unit 5
Riemannian curvatures, Gauss theorem of Egregium,
isometry groups and fundamental existence theorem for
surfaces.

Reference Books:-
1) R. S. Milman and G. D. Parker, Elements of Differential
Geometry, Prentice – Hall, 1977.
2) B. O’ Neil, Elements of Differential Geometry, Academic
Press, 1966.
3) M. Docermo, Differential Geometry of curves and
surfaces, Prentice – Hall, 1976.

31
4) J. A. Thorpe, Introduction to Differential Geometry,
Springer – Verlag.
5) S. Sternberg, Lecture notes on Differential Geometry,
Prentice – Hall, 1964.

32
 M .S c . S E M E S T E R 3

S u b . C o d e : E M T -3021
E l e c t i v e S u b . 2: S p e c i a l
Th e o r y o f Re l a t i v i t y a n d
Te n s o r An a l y s i s

Unit 1
• Newtonian Relativity (Galilean Transformation)
• Lorentz transformation
• Michelson – Morley experiment

Unit 2
• Length Contraction
• Time dilation
• Relativistic law of addition of velocities
• Equivalence of mass and energy
• Problems related to above topic

Unit 3
• Tensor Algebra
• Vector field in affine and Riemann space

Unit 4
• Christoffel Symbols
• Tensor Analysis

Books:-
1) Related topics of Unit 1 and Unit 2 will be covered from
the book “Special Relativity” by W. Rindler. Pub.: Oliver
and Bosed.
2) Related topics of Unit 3 and Unit 4 will be covered from
the book “Introduction to General Relativity” by R.

33
 Adler, M. Basin, M. Schiffer. Pub.: Mc.Graw Hill
Kogakusha Ltd.

Reference Books:-
1) The Special theory of Relativity – Benerji and Benarjee.
Pub.: Prentice Hall India Ltd.
2) Essential Relativity – W. Rindler. Pub. Springer Verlag.

34
 M .S c . S E M E S T E R 4

S u b . C o d e : C M T -4001
C o r e S u b . 1: C o m m u t a t i v e R i n g
Th e o r y

Unit 1
Rings and ring homomorphisms, Ideals, Quotient rings,
Zero-divisors, Nilpotent elements, Units, Prime ideals and
Maximal ideals, Nilradical and Jacobson radical, Operations
on ideals, Extension and contraction.

Unit 2
Modules and module homomorhhisms, Submodules and
quotient modules, Operation on submodules, Direct sum and
product,Finitely generated modules,Exact sequences, Rings
and modules of fractions, Local properties, Extended and
contracted ideals in rings of fractions.

Unit 3
Primary ideals, Primary decomposition, First uniqueness
theorem, Second uniqueness theorem, Integral dependence,
The Going-Up theorem, Integrally closed integral domains, The
Going-Down theorem,Valuation rings.

Unit 4
Noetherian modules, Artinian modules, Composition
series odf a module, Noetherian rings, Hilbert's basis theorem,
Primary decomposition in Noetherian rings.

Unit 5
Artin rings, Structure theorem for Artin rings, Discrete
Valuation rings, Dedekind domains, fractional ideals.

35
The contents of the syllabus of this course is covered by the
first nine chapters of the book---- Introduction to
Commutative Algebra by M.F.Atiyah and I.G.Macdonald,
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1969.

36
Reference Books:-

1. N.Bourbaki, Commutative Algebra, Springer-Verlag,New

York,1985.

2. O.Zariski,P.Samuel, Commutative Algebra Volume I, Van

Nostrand, Princeton, 1958.

3.D.G.Northcott, Lessons on rings,modules and multiplicities,

Cambridge University Press, 1968.

4. D.Eisenbud,Commutative Algebra with a view toward

Algebraic Geometry,Graduate Texts in Mathematics 150,
Springer-Verlag,New York,1995.

37
 M .S c . S E M E S T E R 4

S u b . C o d e : C M T -4002
C o r e S u b . 2: I n t e g r a t i o n
Th e o r y

Unit 1
Measures spaces, Measurable functions, integration,
general convergence theorems.

Unit 2
Signed measures, Positive sets, negative sets, null sets
and their properties, Hahn-Decomposition Theorem, mutually
singular measures, Jordan-Decomposition for a signed
measure.

Unit 3
Measure absolutely continuous with respect to another
measure, Radon-Nikodym theorem for measure and for signed
measure, Lebesgue decomposition theorem, outer measure on
a set, algebra of sets, Caratheodary extension theorem.

Unit 4
Product measure, structure of measurable sets in the
product measure space, Fubini’s theorem, Fonelli’s theorem,
LP(k) and Riesz Representation theorem for bounded linear
functional on LP(k), Baire measure on the real line, Lebesegue
Stieltjes integral of Borel measurable function with respect to
monotonically increasing function.

Unit 5

38
 Locally compact Hausdorff spaces, Baire and Borel
measures, continuous functions with compact support,
regularity of measures on locally compact Hausdroff spaces,
integration of continuous functions with compact support,
Riesz Markov-theorem.

Reference Books:-

1) H. L. Royden, Printice Hall of India, Third edition, 1987.

2) G. de Barre, Measure Theory and Integration, Wiley
Eastern Limited, 1981.
3) P. R. Halmos, Measure Theory, Van Nostrand, Princeton,
1950.
4) W. Rudin, Real and complex analysis, Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Company, Second Edition, 1974.
5) S. K. Berberian, Measure and Integration, Chelsa
Publishing Company, Newyork, 1965.
I. K. Rana, An Introduction to Measure and Integration,
Narosa Publishing House, 1997.

39
 M .S c . S E M E S T E R 4

S u b . C o d e : C M T -4003
C o r e S u b . 3: N u m b e r Th e o r y - 2

Unit 1
Farey Fractions, Irrational numbers, Farey Fractions and
Approximation of Irrationals by Rationals

Unit 2
Continued Fractions(Finite and Infinite), Approximations
of Irrationals by Rationals, Hurwitz’s Theorem.

Unit 3
Periodic Continued Fractions, Pell’s Equations.

Unit 4
Diophantine Equations, Pythagorean Tripletes, Some
other Examples.

Reference Books:-

THE THEORY OF NUMBERS (Authors: Ivan Niven ,Herbert S.

Zuckerman, Hugh L. Montgomery)
1) NUMBER THEORY (Authors: Z. I. Borevich and I. R.
Shafarevich)
2) AN INTRODUCTION TO THE GEOMETRY OF NUMBERS
(Authors: J. W. S. Cassels)
3) HISTORY OF THE THEORY OF NUMBERS(Authors: L. E.
Dickson)

40
 M .S c . S E M E S T E R

S u b . C o d e : C M T -4004
C o r e S u b . 4: G r a p h T h e o r y

Unit 1
A quick review of the following concepts, Graph, degree of
a vertex, path, circuit, connected and disconnected graphs,
components, Euler circuits, Euler graph, Hamiltonian Paths
and circuits.

Unit 2
Trees and Fundamental circuits

Unit 3
Cut-Sets and Cut-Vertices

Unit 4
Planar Graphs, Kuratowski’s two graphs, Different
representation of planarity, Detection of Planarity.

Unit 5
Coloring of graphs, chromatic number, chromatic
polynomial, the four color problem matching

Unit 6
Graph theory in OR: transport networks, extension of
Max-Flow, Min-Cut theorem, minimal cost flows.

The syllabus is a covered by chapters 1 & 2 ( for quick

review ), Chapter 3 (3.1 to 3.6), 4 (4.1 to 4.6), 5 (5.1 to 5.5), 8
(8.1 to 8.4) and 14(14.1 to 14.3) from “Graph theory with
application to Engineering & computer science” by Narsingh
Deo, Prentics- Hall of India New Delhi.

41
Reference Books:-
1) Graph theory by F. Harary – Addision – Wesley 1969
2) Introduction to Graph theory by R. J. Wilson, Peterson
E’du asia (Low price).
3) R. J. Willson & J. J. Walkms: Graphs: An introductory
approach wiley , 1990.

42
 M .S c . S E M E S T E R

S u b . C o d e : E M T -4011
E l e c t i v e S u b . 1: F i n a n c i a l
Ma t h e ma t i c s

Unit 1
Basic option theory, Types of options, interest rates and
present value, Asset price

Unit 2
Random walk, Ito’s lemma, Black-Sholes model, arbitrage
theorem, option values

Unit 3
The Black – Sholes formulae, hedging the practice,
partial differential equations and Black – Sholes formulae.

Unit 4
Variations in Black – Sholes model to include dividends
as well as forward and future contracts, American Options.

Reference Books:-
1) P. Willmontt, S. Howison and J. Dewynne, the
Mathematics of Financial Derivatives, Cambridge Univ.
Press, 1995.
2) Sheldon M. Ross, An elementary introduction to
Mathematical Finance, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2003.

43
 M .S c . S E M E S T E R 4

S u b . C o d e : E M T -4021
E l e c t i v e S u b . 2: G e n e r a l
Th e o r y o f Re l a t i v i t y &
C o s mo l o g y

Unit 1: The Gravitational Field Equation in Empty Space

• Criteria for the field equations.
• The Riemann curvature tensor and its properties.
• The Bianchi identities.

Unit 2: The Schwarzschild solution and its consequences,

experimental tests of General Relativity
• The Schwarzschild solution
• The Schwarzschild solution in isotropic co-ordinates
• The General Relativistic Kepler problem and the perihilc
shift of Mercury.
• The trajectory of light ray in Schwarzschild field.
• The Schwarzschild radius, Kruskal co-ordinates and the
Black hole.

Unit 3: The Kerr Solution

• The Schwarzschild and Kerr solution
• The Kerr solution and Rotation.

Relevant topics will be covered from “Introduction to General

Relativity”. – By R Adees, M. Bazin, M. Schiffer.

Reference Books:-
1) Essential Relativity – W. Rindler. Pub.: Springer Verlag
2) General Relativity and Cosmology – J. V. Narlikar
Pub.: Mc-Millan India Ltd.
3) An Introduction to Cosmology – J. V. Narlikar, 3rd edition,
Pub.: Cambridge University Press.

44
 M.Sc. SEMESTER 4

Sub. Code: EMT-4031

Elective Sub. 3: Linear Algebra
Unit 1
The Algebra of linear transformations, Characteristic
roots, Matrices.

Unir 2
Canonical Forms: Triangular Form, Nilpotent linear
transformations, Invariants of a nilpotent linear
transformation.

Unit 3
Canonical Forms: The primary decomposition theorem,
Jordan Form, Rational canonical Form.

Unit 4
Trace and Transpose, Determinants, Cramer's rule,
Cayley-Hamilton theorem, A quick review of inner product
spaces, Hermitian, Unitary and Normal transformations.

Unit 5
Real Quadratic Forms, Sylvester's law of inertia, Bilinear
Forms, Symmetric Bilinear Forms, Skew-Symmetric Bilinear
Forms, Groups preserving Bilinear Forms.

The contents of the syllabus in this course is covered by

Chapter 6 of “Topics in Algebra” by I.N.Herstein, 2nd Edition,
Wiley,1975 and the Section on Bilinear Forms is covered by
Chapter 10 of “Linear Algebra” by K.Hoffman and R.Kunze,
Second Edition, Prentice Hall of India,New Delhi, Tenth
printing,1992.

45
Reference Books:-

1) N.S.Gopalakrishnan, University Algebra, New Age

International(P) Limited,Publishers,New Delhi, Sixth
Reprint,1998.
2) M. Artin, Algebra, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1994.
3) N.Jacobson, Lectures in Abstract Algebra, Volume II--
Linear Algebra, Van Nostrand, East West Press, 1964.

46