1.
Functions
1.1 Functions
4.1.1 A reusable block of code; Performs a specific task
4.1.2 Makes code organized, readable, and easier to maintain. Helps break down code into smaller,
manageable pieces.
1.2 Syntax
return_type function_name(input parameters)
{
// Code to perform the task
return result; // optional. Return a value if the function has a return type
}
• return_type: The data type of the value that the function returns. Use void if the function doesn't
return anything.
• function_name: A unique name for your function.
• Input parameters: Input values that the function needs to perform its task.
1.3 Examples:
unsigned int temp;
unsigned int adc_to_millivolts(byte pin_no)
{
unsigned int adc, mv;
//read from ADC and then get average
adc=0;
for(byte i=0;i<10;i++)
{
adc += analogRead(pin_no);
}
adc /= 10;
//compute millivolts
mv = adc * 5000 / 1023;
// return the computed value
return mv;
}
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
temp = adc_to_millivolts(A0);
Serial.print(temp);
Serial.print("\t");
temp = adc_to_millivolts(A1);
Serial.print(temp);
Serial.print("\t");
temp = adc_to_millivolts(A2);
Serial.print(temp);
Serial.print("\r\n");
delay(1000);
}
2. Arrays
2.1 Definition
2.1.1 An array is a collection of elements of the same data type,
2.1.2 Identified by a unique index or position.
2.1.3 Makes it easier to manage and manipulate large datasets
2.1 Array Dimensions
2.2.1 Arrays may be one dimensional, 2 dimensional or multi-dimensional
• One-Dimensional Array: A linear collection of elements, like a list or a series of data points.
• Two-Dimensional Array: A grid or matrix of elements with rows and columns, suitable for storing data in
tables or grids.
• Multidimensional Array: Arrays within arrays, which can be thought of as matrices of higher dimensions.
2.2 Declaring and initializing arrays
2.2.1 Declaration:
datatype array_name[size];
datatype array_name[x-size] [y-size] ;
datatype array_name[x-size] [y-size] [z-size];
examples:
byte PINS_RELAYS[4];
unsigned int adc_values[3];
char names[10][17];
char names[6][10][17];
2.2.2 Declaration Initializing arrays
byte PINS_RELAYS[4] = {2,3,11,12}; //initializer
bool led_default_values[5] = {HIGH,LOW,HIGH,LOW,HIGH};
float temperature_levels[3] = {18.5, 25.0, 28.9};
char name[5] = {‘J’,’u’, ’a’, ’n’};
char name[5] = “Juan”;
char phone_numbers[4][11] = {
“09160000001”,
“09160000002”,
“09160000003”,
“09160000004”
}
2.2.3 Accessing elements
PINS_RELAYS[0] = 2;
PINS_RELAYS[2] = 11;
temperature_levels[2] = 25.56;
name[2] = ‘n’;
name[3] = ‘e’;
phone_number[1][3] = ‘9’;
name[2][4][0] = ‘J’;
name[2][4][1] = ‘O’;
name[2][4][2] = ‘H’;
name[2][4][3] = ‘N’;
name[2][4][4] = 0;
Serial.println(name[2][4]);
salengGSM.sendSMS(phone_number[2],"Hello User");
char num[3][11] =
{
"09161111111",
"09162222222",
"09163333333",
};
char msg[3][50] =
{
"hello first person",
"hello second person",
"hello last person",
};
void send_all_sms()
{
for(byte i=0;i<3;i++)
{
salengGSM.sendSMS(num[i],msg[i]);
delay(10000);
}
}
