Interpreting Mean and

Variance
Learner’s Module in Statistics and
Probability
Quarter 3 ● Module 3 ● Week 3

ERLINDA V. AGABAO
Developer

Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region

NAME:________________________ GRADE AND SECTION ____________

TEACHER: ____________________ SCORE ________________________
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BAGUIO CITY
Military Cut-off, Baguio City

Published by:
DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City
Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2021

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This material has been developed for the implementation of K-12 Curriculum
through the DepEd CAR-Curriculum Implementation Division (CID). It can be
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Derivatives of the work including creating an edited version, an enhancement or a
supplementary work are permitted provided all original work is acknowledged and
the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from this material for commercial
purposes and profit.

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This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

This part includes an activity that aims to check

What I Know what you already know about the lesson to take.
If you get all the answers correct (100%), you
may decide to skip this module.

This is a brief drill or review to help you link the

What’s In current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced

What’s New to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a
poem, a problem opener, an activity or a
situation.

This section provides a brief discussion of the

What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent practice

What’s More to solidify your understanding and skills of the
topic. You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the
module.

This includes questions or blank

What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

This section provides an activity which will help

What I Can Do you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real
life situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of

Assessment mastery in achieving the learning competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given to

Additional Activities you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

This contains answers to all activities in the

Answer Key module.

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References This is a list of all sources used in developing this
module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.

2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included
in the module.

3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.

5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.

6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. This is developed to help
you master the nature of Statistics and Probability. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of
the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to…

a. interpret the mean and the variance of a discrete random variables; and
b. solve problems involving mean and variance of probability distributions.

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 What I Know
This part is prepared for you to test your existing knowledge on solving mean and
variance of probability distribution in a random variable. You are encouraged to answer the
items honestly without references of any kind. Write the letter of your answer before the
number. You may use your calculator.

___1. It describes the amount of spread, dispersion or variability of the item in a

distribution.
a) mean b) variance c) median d) frequency

___ 2. It is the measure of central location of a random variable and sometimes called the
expected value or expectation.
a) mean b) variance c) standard deviation d) median

___ 3. Which of the following does not belong to the steps in finding the variance of
probability distribution in a random variable?
a) find the mean of the probability distribution
b) add the mean from each value of a random variable x
c) square the results of the difference between mean and random variable x
d) multiply the results obtained in squaring the difference between mean and
random variable x by the corresponding probability.

___ 4. Which symbol represents “mean of probability distribution”?

a) b) σ c) µ d) α

___ 5. Which of the following is the formula in solving mean of probability distribution.
a) b) c) d) √

___ 6. The variance of discrete probability distribution is given by the formula as

__________.
a) √ b) c) d) [ ]

For #s 7 – 8, refer to the problem below:

A hospital researcher is interested in the number of times the average post-op patient will
ring the nurse during a 12-hour shift for a random sample of 50 patients. The following
information was obtained.

___ 7. What is the expected value?

a) 2.32 b) 2.00 c) 1.52 d) .88

___ 8. What is the standard deviation?

a) 1.05 b) 1.22 c) 1.50 d) 1.77

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For #s 9 – 10 refer to the problem below:

You were planning to open a “McJobee”. In order to have an idea on how you will operate,
you went to a similar restaurant and found out the data presented below:

Let be the amount and be the percentage of profit/ loss.

Amount ( ) Percentage/
loss

profit
profit

___ 9. What is the expected value/ total profit?

a) ₱ 400,000 b) ₱ 230,000 c) ₱ 150,000 d) ₱ 25,000

___ 10. Which of the following best interprets the expected value of the problem?
a) The profit is high.
b) The earnings for a year is sometimes loss and gain.
c) The average profit of the restaurant is ₱ 25,000.
d) The opening of the new restaurant is not good.

What’s In

Based on the pre-assessment above, you have now an idea on solving mean and
variance of a given probability distribution.

Now, let’s recall some important terms and formulas.

DEFINITION OF TERMS:
1. Mean of probability distribution – measure of central location in the probability
distribution

2. Variance of probability distribution ( ) – describes the amount of spread,

dispersion or variability of the item in a distribution

3. Probability distribution of random variable – a statistical function that

describes all possible values and likelihoods that a random variable can take a given
range.

4. Standard deviation – is a statistic that measures the dispersion of a database

relative to its mean and its calculated as the square of the variance.

5. Sigma notation – total or summation

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FORMULAS:

Mean of probability distribution Variance of probability distribution

[ ]

Standard deviation of probability distribution

√ [ ]

Remember:

Properties of a probability distribution

1. The probability of each value of the random variable must be from to . In symbol,
we write it as

2. The sum of the probabilities of all values of the random variable must be equal to 1. In
symbol, we write it as

What’s New

Let’s have drills and exercises on identifying probability distribution.

Look at the given table of values and determine which of these illustrates probability
distribution. Write P if it is probability distribution and N if it is not on the space provided.

___ 1. ___ 4.

___ 2. ___ 5.

___ 3. ___ 6.

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___ 7. ___ 9.

___ 8. ___ 10.

What Is It

We have reviewed topics that will help us understand the lessons in this module. To
understand how to interpret the mean and variance, let us study this section. Enjoy and
have fun.

Example 1: A grocery store has determined that in crates of tomatoes carry no rotten
tomatoes, carry one rotten tomato, carry two rotten tomatoes, and
carry three rotten tomatoes, Find the mean number of rotten tomatoes in the
crates.

Solution:
Step 1: Convert all the percentages to decimal probabilities

Step 2: Construct probability distribution table (You may use landscape or portrait table).

Portrait Table
Number Landscape Table
of rotten Probability Number of
tomatoes rotten
tomatoes 𝑿
Probability
𝑷 𝒙

Step 3: Add another column or row for the results of multiplying and
Number
of rotten Probability
tomatoes

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Step 4: Add the results from Step 3.
Number
of rotten Probability
tomatoes
You are done finding the
mean of the probability
distribution.

[ ]

Example 2: The storeowner wants to know the mean delivery of the week from the data
shown below. The manager claimed or stated that boxes of deliveries were
expected deliveries in a day, do you think this claim is true?

Solution: No. of boxes

The claim of
the manager is
not true since
the mean of
the probability
distribution is
.

[ ]

Example 3: The following data give the probabilities of residents going out without face
mask and face shield in a certain barangay for one week. Compute the mean
of the probability distribution.

Solution: Let be the number of residence not wearing mask and face shield

Interpretation:
It shows in the table that there
were to residents who are
not wearing face mask and
[ ] face shield.

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Example 4: The number of items sold per day in an online store, with its corresponding
probabilities is shown in the table. Find the variance and standard deviation
of the probability distribution.

No. of items
sold

Solution:
Step 1: Find the mean of the probability distribution.

No. of
items sold

[ ]

Step 2: Subtract the mean from the number of items sold.

.
No. of
items sold

Step 3: Square the results obtained in Step 2.

No. of items
sold

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Step 4: Multiply the results obtained in step 3 by the corresponding probability

No. of items
sold

[ ]

Step 5: Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 4. This will be used in computing for the
variance and standard deviation.

Variance: [ ]

Standard Deviation: =√ [ ]

Interpretation: This means that there were to items sold per day in an online store.
Furthermore, is deviated from the expected value.

Example 5: The number of computers sold per day at a local computer store together with
the corresponding probabilities is shown in the table. Find the mean, variance,
and standard deviation of the given distribution:

Solution:

No. of
computers

Variance: [ ]

Standard Deviation: =√ [ ]

Interpretation: The average of computers sold each day at a local computer store is to . In
addition, most of the computers will fall within away from the mean value of
computer sold per day.

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 What’s More

Activity 1:
Complete the table below then find the mean, variance, and standard deviation.
Interpret the results.

A hospital researcher conducted a study to investigate how a newborn baby’s crying after
midnight affects the sleep of the baby’s mother. The researcher randomly selected 50 new
mothers and asked how many were awakened by their newborn baby’s crying after midnight
per week. Here is the probability distribution.

Interpretation: ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________.

Activity 2:
Solve completely the given problem:

The number of tutorial received per day by the teacher in a certain senior high school shown
below. Find the mean, variance and standard deviation. Interpret the results.

No. of
Probability
Inquiries

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 What I Have Learned

Instruction: Based on your understanding, answer the question in sentences.

What is the importance of solving mean, variance and standard deviation in probability
distribution? Explain your answer.

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________.

What I Can Do

You are assigned to organize a concert in your barangay but you have to limit the
tickets in such a way that the maximum tickets to be sold to the costumer will be tickets
only. Find the expected value and its standard deviation. Interpret the results.

Here is the probability distribution.

Tickets

Solution:

Interpretation: ____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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 Assessment
This part is prepared for you to test your existing knowledge on solving mean and
variance of probability distribution in a random variable. You are encouraged to answer the
items honestly without references of any kind. Write the letter of your answer before the
number. You may use your calculator.

___1. It describes the amount of spread, dispersion or variability of the item in a

distribution.
a) mean b) variance c) median d) frequency

___ 2. It is the measure of central location of a random variable and sometimes called the
expected value or expectation.
a) mean b) variance c) standard deviation d) median

___ 3. Which of the following does not belong to the steps in finding the variance of
probability distribution in a random variable?
a) find the mean of the probability distribution
b) add the mean from each value of a random variable x
c) square the results of the difference between mean and random variable x
d) multiply the results obtained in squaring the difference between mean and
random variable x by the corresponding probability.

___ 4. Which symbol represents “mean of probability distribution”?

a) b) σ c) µ d) α

___ 5. Which of the following is the formula in solving mean of probability distribution.
a) b) c) d) √

___ 6. The variance of discrete probability distribution is given by the formula as

__________.
a) √ b) c) d) [ ]

For #s 7 – 8, refer to the problem below:

A hospital researcher is interested in the number of times the average post-op patient will
ring the nurse during a 12-hour shift for a random sample of 50 patients. The following
information was obtained.

___ 7. What is the expected value?

a) 2.32 b) 2.00 c) 1.52 d) .88

___ 8. What is the standard deviation?

a) 1.05 b) 1.22 c) 1.50 d) 1.77

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For #s 9 – 10 refer to the problem below:

You were planning to open a “McJobee”. In order to have an idea on how you will operate,
you went to a similar restaurant and found out the data presented below:

Let be the amount and be the percentage of profit/ loss.

Amount ( ) Percentage/
loss

profit
profit

___ 9. What is the expected value/ total profit?

a) ₱ 400,000 b) ₱ 230,000 c) ₱ 150,000 d) ₱ 25,000

___ 10. Which of the following best interprets the expected value of the problem?
a) The profit is high.
b) The earnings for a year is sometimes loss and gain.
c) The average profit of the restaurant is ₱ 25,000.
d) The opening of the new restaurant is not good.

Additional Activity
You plan to open a new pizza restaurant and found out the data for a similar
restaurant which is presented below.

Amount ( ) Percentage/
loss

profit
profit

Are you going to proceed to your plan to open a new pizza restaurant? If yes, what
will be your expected profit at the end of the year? If not, explain why not.

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 15
WHAT I KNOW/ POST-ASSESSMENT WHAT’S NEW
1. b 6. d 1. N 6. P
2. a 7. a 2. N 7. P
3. b 8. b 3. P 8. N
4. c 9. d 4. P 9. N
5. a 10. c 5. P 10. P
WHAT’S MORE (ACTIVITY 1)
𝑿 𝑷 𝒙 𝑿 𝝁 𝟐 𝑷 𝒙 𝑿 𝝁 𝟐
𝜇 𝜎 𝜎
INTERPRETATION:
There is an average of mothers that are awoken
from their sleep because of the cry of a new born
baby and the value of that falls in from the
expected value of
𝜇 𝜎
WHAT’S MORE (ACTIVITY 2)
𝑿 𝑷 𝒙 𝒙 𝝁 𝑿 𝝁 𝟐 𝑷 𝒙 𝑿 𝝁 𝟐
𝜇 𝜎 𝜎
INTERPRETATION:
It is observed that the student’s
attendance rate has an average 12
attendees for every tutorial session
then each session has known
standard deviation of .
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED WHAT I CAN DO
Answers may vary
𝜇 𝜎
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY INTERPRETATION:
Answers may vary The customers bought an average of 3 tickets and most
data fall in away from the mean value of .
Answer Key
 REFERENCES

Rene Belecina, Elisa Baccay, Efren Mateo. 2017. Statistics and probability. Manila:
Rex Prinitng Company, Inc.

Probability distribution. Accessed January 20, 2021.

https://www.probabilisticworld.com/mean-variance-probability-distributions/

Problem solving on Probability Distribution. Accessed January 22, 2021.

https://www.khanacademy.org/math/ap-statistics/random-variables-ap
https://www.mathopolis.com/questions/q.html
https://www.texasgateway.org/resource

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Schools Division of Baguio City
No. 82 Military Cut-off Road, Baguio City
Telefax: 422-4326 / 422-7819
Email Address: [email protected]
Social Media: facebook.com/DepEdTayoBaguioCity

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