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Kotlin

Android Programming

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MARK SIMIYU
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12 views

Kotlin

Android Programming

Uploaded by

MARK SIMIYU
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here’s a concise overview of Fundamentals of Kotlin, a modern, concise, and expressive

programming language often used for Android development:

1. Introduction to Kotlin

• Kotlin is a statically typed, cross-platform programming language developed by


JetBrains.
• Fully interoperable with Java.
• Known for its concise syntax and null safety.

2. Basic Syntax

• Kotlin code is cleaner and more concise compared to Java.

fun main() {
println("Hello, Kotlin!") // Prints output
}

3. Variables

• Kotlin has two types of variable declarations:


o val: Immutable (read-only, like a constant).
o var: Mutable (can be reassigned).

val name = "Isaac" // Immutable


var age = 25 // Mutable

4. Data Types

Kotlin has built-in types similar to Java, but with better null safety:

• Int, Double, Float, Boolean, Char, String

val isKotlinFun: Boolean = true


val grade: Char = 'A'
val pi: Double = 3.14
val name: String = "Isaac"
5. Control Flow

• If-Else is an expression that returns a value.


• Kotlin also supports when as an alternative to switch.

// If-Else
val age = 18
val status = if (age >= 18) "Adult" else "Minor"

// When Expression
val day = 2
val dayName = when (day) {
1 -> "Monday"
2 -> "Tuesday"
else -> "Unknown"
}

6. Loops

• Kotlin supports for, while, and do-while.

// For Loop
for (i in 1..5) {
println(i) // Prints 1 to 5
}

// While Loop
var count = 5
while (count > 0) {
println(count--)
}

7. Functions

• Functions in Kotlin are defined using the fun keyword.

fun greet(name: String): String {


return "Hello, $name!"
}

// Shorter version
fun add(a: Int, b: Int) = a + b

8. Classes and Objects

Kotlin supports object-oriented programming with classes, constructors, and inheritance.


class Person(val name: String, var age: Int) {
fun greet() = "Hi, I’m $name, and I’m $age years old."
}

fun main() {
val person = Person("Isaac", 28)
println(person.greet())
}

9. Collections

Kotlin provides immutable and mutable collections:

• List, Set, Map

val fruits = listOf("Apple", "Banana", "Cherry") // Immutable List


val mutableFruits = mutableListOf("Apple", "Banana")
mutableFruits.add("Cherry") // Mutable List

10. Null Safety

• Kotlin prevents null pointer exceptions with its null safety feature.
• Use ? to declare nullable variables and !! to forcefully access nullable variables.

var nullableName: String? = null


println(nullableName?.length) // Safe call (prints null)
nullableName = "Isaac"
println(nullableName!!.length) // Non-null assertion (prints 5)

11. Lambdas and Higher-Order Functions

• Kotlin supports functional programming with lambdas and higher-order functions.

val numbers = listOf(1, 2, 3, 4)


val doubled = numbers.map { it * 2 } // Lambda
println(doubled) // Output: [2, 4, 6, 8]

12. Extensions

• Kotlin allows extending existing classes with new functions.

fun String.greet() = "Hello, $this!"

fun main() {
println("Isaac".greet()) // Output: Hello, Isaac!
}

13. Coroutines

• Kotlin provides coroutines for asynchronous programming.

import kotlinx.coroutines.*

fun main() = runBlocking {


launch {
delay(1000L)
println("World!")
}
println("Hello,")
}

14. Interoperability with Java

• Kotlin can seamlessly call Java code, and vice versa.

// Calling a Java method from Kotlin


val list = ArrayList<String>()
list.add("Kotlin")
println(list[0])

Would you like to explore Kotlin for a specific use case like Android development or backend?

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