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RACE 2025 Mathematics

Polynomials PRACTICE SHEET

SECTION-A
Objective Type Questions (1  5 = 5) 8. What will be the remainder when
1. If a + b + c = 12 and a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 50 find the x2 x 2
f ( x ) = 3x 4 + 2 x3 − − + is divided by
value of ab + bc + ca . 3 9 27
(A) 44 (B) 45 2
g ( x) = x + ?
(C) 46 (D) 47 3

2. Factors of x 2 − 7 x + 12 are 9. The polynomial kx 3 + 3x 2 − 3 and 2 x 3 − 5 x 2 + k

(A) ( x − 3)( x + 4) where divided by (x – 4) leave the same remainder
in each case, then find the value of ‘k’?
(B) ( x − 3)( x − 4)
(C) (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 4) 10. Find the value of
(D) (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 4)
(1.5)3 + ( 4.7 )3 + ( 3.8)3 − 3 1.5  4.7  3.8
3. If 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 42 = (𝑥 + 𝑘)(𝑥 + 6) then the value of (1.5)2 + ( 4.7 ) 2 + ( 3.8)2 − 1.5  4.7  3.8 − 1.5  3.8
k is
(A) 6 (B) –6 SECTION-C
(C) 7 (D) –7 Short Answer Type Questions (3  5 = 15)
4 2
11. Factorise : x − x − 12
4. Value of 3.5 × 3.5 – 2.5 × 2.5 is
(A) –6 (B) 6 12. Factorise the following by splitting the middle
(C) 60 (D) 1 term : x 2 + 3 3 x + 6

5. Find the product of ( x − a )( x − b )( x − c ) , given

 1
13. If both (x – 2) and  x −  are the factors of
that the sum a + b + c = 7, ab + bc + ca = 0 and  2
abc = −36
px2 + 5x + r , then show that p = r.
3 2 3 2
(A) x − 7 x + 36 (B) x − 7 x − 36
3 2
(C) x − 7 x + 37 (D) x 3 + 7 x 2 + 38 14. If x + y + z = 1, xy + yz + zx = −1 and xyz = −1 ,
find the value of x3 + y 3 + z 3 .
SECTION-B
Very Short Answer Type Questions (2  5 = 10)
3 2 15. If A and B be the remainders when the polynomials
6. The polynomial x + ax + bx + 6 has x – a as a
factor and leaves a remainder 3, when divided by x 3 + 2 x 2 − 5ax − 7 and x 3 + ax 2 − 12 x + 6 are
divided by (x + 1) and (x – 2) respectively and
( x − 3) . Find the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’ 2 A + B = 6, , find the value of ‘a’.

1 1
7. If x + = 7 then what is the value of x3 + 3 ?
x x
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ANSWER KEY
1. (D) 9. (Hints & solution)
2. (B) 10. (Hints & solution)
3. (D) 11. (Hints & solution)
4. (B) 12. (Hints & solution)
5. (A) 13. (Hints & solution)
6. (Hints & solution) 14. (Hints & solution)
7. (Hints & solution) 15. (Hints & solution)
8. (Hints & solution)
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HINT AND SOLUTIONS

1. (D) = ( 3.5 + 2.5) − ( 3.5 − 2.5)
a + b + c = 12
= 6
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 50
 ab + bc + ca = ? 5. (A)
(a + b + c) 2 2 2 2
= a + b + c + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca a+b+c =7
ab + bc + ca = 0
(Standard Identity)
abc = −36
12 = 50 + 2 ( ab + bc + ca )
2
Now,
 144 − 50 = 2 ( ab + bc + ca ) ( x − a )( x − b )( x − c )
94 = ( x − a )  x ( x − c ) − b ( x − c )
 ab + bc + ca = = 47
2
= ( x − a )  x 2 − xc − bx + bc 
2. (B)
Factorize the given expression using the common
( ) (
= x x 2 − dc − bx + bc − a x 2 − xc − bx + bc )
factor method = x3 − x 2 c − x 2b + bcx − ax 2 + acx + abx − abc
The given expression is x 2 − 7 x + 12 Simplify further
The given expression can be factorized as follows, x3 − x 2 c − x 2b + bcx − ax 2 + acx + abx − abc
x 2 − 7 x + 12 = x 2 − 3x − 4 x + 12 = x3 − x 2 ( a + b + c ) + x ( ab + bc + ca ) − abc
( −3)  ( −4 ) = +12,
 − 3 − 4 = −7  = x3 − x 2 ( 7 ) + x ( 0 ) − ( −36 )
x 2 − 7 x + 12 = ( x 2 − 3 x ) − ( 4 x − 12 ) = x3 − 7 x 2 + 36
Answer:
x 2 − 7 x + 12 = c ( x − 3) − 4 ( x − 3)
( x − a )( x − b )( x − c ) = x3 − 7 x2 + 36
 ab − ac = a ( b − c )
x 2 − 7 x + 12 = ( x − 3)( x − 4 ) 6. Let f ( x ) = x3 + ax 2 + bx + 6
Hence, the factors of x 2 − 7 x + 12 obtained by By factor theorem we ger f (2) = 0
using the common factor method is ( x − 3)( x − 4) [Since x – 2 = 0 then x = 2]
( 2)3 + a ( 2) 2 + b ( 2 ) + 6 = 0
3. (D)  8 + 4a + 5b + 6 = 0
The correct option is – 7  4a + 2b = −14
Given, x 2 − x − 42 = ( x + k )( x + 6 )  2 ( 2a + b ) = −14
Lets factorise: x 2 − x − 42  2 ( 2a + b ) − 14
We have to break up –x in the given expression  2a + b = −7 ……….(i)
into two parts in such a way that their sum is –x
In the second case by remainder theorem we get,
and the product of their coefficients is –42.
f (3) = 3
𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 42 = 𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 6𝑥 − 42
[Since x – 3 = 0 then x = 3]
= 𝑥(𝑥 − 7) + 6(𝑥 − 7)
 3( 3) + a ( 3) 2 + 3( 3) + 6 = 0
= (𝑥 − 7)(𝑥 + 6)
By comparison, k = −7  27 + 9a + 3b + 6 = 3
 33 + 9a + 3b = 3
4. (B)  9a + 3b = −30
3.5  2.5 − 2.5  2.5  3( 3a + b ) = −30
= ( 3.5)2 − ( 2.5)2  3a + b = −10 ……(ii)
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b = −7 − 2a  −2 
2
 −2 
Substituting the value of b in eqn. (ii) we get, 4 3     2
 −2   −2  3 3
3a − 7 − 2a = −10 = 3  + 3  −   −   +
 3   3  3 9 27
 a − 7 = −10
 a = –3  16   8  1  4  1  2  2
= 3  − 2   −   +   +
Substituting the value of a in eq. we get  81   27  3  9  9  3  27
2 ( −3) + b = −7 16 16 4 2 2
= − − + +
 −6 + b = −7 27 27 27 27 27
 b = −1  −2 
 f  =0
Therefore, the respective values of a and b are –3  3 
and –1. Hence, remainder is 0.

1 9. Given polynomial are p ( x ) = kx3 + 3x2 − 3 and

7. Given : x + =7 …..(i)
x Q ( x ) = 2 x3 − 5 x + k
On cubing both the sides, we get,
3 It is also given that these two polynomials leave
 1 the same remainder when divided by (x – 4),
  x +  = 73
 x therefore, we equate the polynomials and
1  1  1 substitute x = 4 as shown below:
 x 3 + 3 + 3 ( x )   x +  = 343 3 2 3
x  x  x k ( 4) + 3( 4) − 3 = 2 ( 4 ) − 5 ( 4 ) + k


( a + b )3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab ( a + b )  64k + 48 − 3 = 128 − 20 + k
 64k + 45 = k + 108
1
 x3 + + 3 ( 7 ) = 343 [Using eq. (i)]  64k − k = 108 − 45
x3
 63k = 63
1
 x3 + 3 = 343 − 21 Hence, k = 1
x
1 a 3 + b3 + c3 − 3abc
 x3 + 3 = 322 10.
x a 2 + b 2 + c 2 − ab − bc − ca
1
8. As we known that from the remainder theorem, (a + b + c)[(a − b) 2 + (b − c) 2 + (c − a) 2 ]
= 2
the remainder of the division of the polynomial 1
f(x) by a linear polynomial ( x − a ) and f ( a ) . [(a − b) 2 + (b − c) 2 + (c − a) 2 ]
2
Given polynomial = (a + b + c)
x2 x 2 For a = 1.5, b = 4.7, c = 3.8 value is
f ( x ) = 3x 4 + 2 x 3 −− +
3 9 27 1.5 + 4.7 + 3.8 = 10
And the linear polynomial
2  −2  11. We have,
g ( x) = x + x −  
3  3  x 4 − x 2 − 12
 −2  = x 4 − ( 4 − 3) x 2 − 12
So, a =  
 3  = x 4 − 4 x 2 + 3x 2 − 12
 −2 
Thus, f ( a ) = f   ( ) (
= x2 x2 − 4 + 3 x2 − 4 )
 3 
= (x 2
)(
− 4 x2 + 3 )
= (x 2
− 2 )( x + 3)
2 2
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 p=r
= ( x + 2 )( x − 2 ) ( x 2 + 3)
Hence, this is the answer. 14. x + y + z = 1, xy + yz + zx = –1 and xyz = –1
x3 + y3 + z 3 − 3xyz
12. In order to factorize 𝑥 2 + 3√3𝑥 + 6, we have to
find two numbers p and q such that = ( x + y + z )( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 − xy − yz − zx)
p + q = 3 3 and pq = 6 x3 + y3 + z  − 3(−1) = 1( x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) − (−1)
Clearly, 2 3 + 3 = 3 3 and 2 3  3 = 6 x3 + y 3 + z  + 3 = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 1
So, we write the middle term 3 3x as x3 + y 3 + z  + 2 = x 2 + y 2 + z 2
2 3 x + 3 x , so that x 2 + 3 3 x + 6 ( x + y + z )2 = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2 zy + 2 yz + xz
= x2 + 2 3x + 3x + 6 12 = x2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2(−1)
= ( x 2 + 2 3x ) + ( 3x + 6 ) x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 + 2

= ( x 2 + 2 3x ) + ( 3x + 2 3  3 ) x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 3
x3 + y 3 + z 3 + 2 = 3
= x( x + 2 3) + 3 ( x + 2 3)
x3 + y 3 + z 3 = 1
= ( x + 2 3 )( x + 3 )
15. x3 + 2x2 – 5ax – 7 leaves a remainder A, when
 1 divided by x + 1.
13. (x–2) and  x −  are the factors of
 2
So, plugging in x = –1 in the above polynomial,
p( x) = px 2 5x + r
we can find remainder A.
Let x – 2 = 0, then x = 2
 f (2) = p(2)2 + 5x×2+r = 4p +10+r=4p+r+10 A = – 1 + 2 + 5a – 7 = 5a – 6
 x – 2 is a factor of f (x) x3 + 2x2 – 5ax – 7 leaves a remainder B, when
 x – 2 is a factor of f (x)  Remainder = 0 divided by x – 2.
 4p + r + 10 = 0  4p + r = – 10 ....(i)
1 1 So, plugging in x = 2 in the above polynomial, we
Again let x − = 0 , then x =
2 2 can find remainder A.
1 1 1 B = 8 + 4a + 24 + 6 = 4a – 10
 f   = p  + 5 + r
 
2  
2 2 Given, 2A + B = 6
p 5
= + +r 10a – 12 + 4a – 10 = 6
4 2
1 14a – 22 = 6
 x − is a factor of f (x)  Remainder = 0
2 14a = 28
p 5 p −5 a=2
 + +r =0  +r =
4 2 4 2
 p + 4r = −10 ..... (ii)
Subtracting (i) from (ii) −3 p + 3r = 0  3 p = 3r

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