Computer Fundamentals

Dr. Abdulsalam Abdullah

Tuesday 8 October 2024

 CHAPTER 3

INPUT & OUTPUT

DEVICES
After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
Identify the keys and buttons commonly found on desktop computer keyboards and describe how keyboards for
1 mobile computers and devices differ from desktop computer keyboards.

Describe different mouse types.

2

Describe various types of touch screens and explain how a touch-sensitive pad works.
3

Describe various types of pen input.

4

Explain other types of input, including various game controllers, other input for smart phones, how resolution affects the quality of a picture
5 captured on digital cameras, voice and video input, scanners and reading devices, various biometric devices, and terminals.

Explain the characteristics of LCD monitors, LCD screens, and CRT monitors.
6
Summarize the various types of printers: ink-jet printers, photo printers, laser printers, multifunction
7 peripherals, thermal printers, mobile printers, and plotters and large-format printers.

Identify the purpose and features of speakers, headphones, and earbuds; data projectors; and interactive
8 whiteboards.
What Is Input?
Input is any data and instructions entered into the memory of a computer. As shown in Figure 5-1, people have a
variety of options for entering data and instructions into a computer.
An input device is any hardware component that allows users to enter data and instructions into a computer. The
following pages discuss a variety of input devices.
KEYBOARD Keyboards for Mobile MOUSE TRACKBALL
• A keyboard is an input Computers and • A mouse is a pointing device • A trackball is a stationary
device that contains keys Mobile Devices that fits comfortably under pointing device with a ball
users press to enter data and the palm of your hand. With on its top or side.
• On notebook and some
instructions into a computer.
handheld computers, smart
a mouse, users control the • To move the pointer using a
• All desktop computer phones, and other mobile
movement of the pointer trackball, you rotate the ball
keyboards have a typing area devices, the keyboard is built with your thumb, fingers, or
that includes the letters of the in the top of the system unit. the palm of your hand.
alphabet, numbers, To fit in these smaller
punctuation marks, and other computers and devices, the
basic keys. Many desktop keyboards usually are
computer keyboards also smaller and have fewer keys
have a numeric keypad on than desktop computer
the right side of the keyboards.
keyboard.
Touchpad Pointing Stick Touch Screens Touch-Sensitive Pads Pen Input
and Touch- • Portable media • With pen input,
• is a small, flat, • A is a pressure- players that do not
rectangular sensitive Sensitive Pads you touch a stylus
have touch screens or digital pen on a
pointing device pointing device • is a touch- typically have a flat surface to
that is sensitive shaped like a sensitive touch-sensitive pad, write, draw, or
to pressure and pencil eraser display device. which is an input
device that enables make selections.
motion that is Touch screens users to scroll The flat surface
positioned that recognize through and play may be a screen
between keys multiple points music, view on a monitor or
on a keyboard of contact at the pictures, watch mobile device, a
same time are videos or movies, signature capture
adjust volume, pad, or a graphics
known as multi- and/or customize tablet .
touch. settings.
OTHER TYPES OF INPUT
1. Other Input for Smart Phones
OTHER TYPES OF INPUT
2. Other Input for Game Controllers
OTHER TYPES OF INPUT
3. Other Input for Digital Cameras
OTHER TYPES OF INPUT
4. Other Input for Voice Input and Audio Input
OTHER TYPES OF INPUT
5. Other Input for Video Input
OTHER TYPES OF INPUT
6. Other Input for Scanners and Reading Devices

RFID Readers RFID

Optical character A bar code is an (radio frequency
Optical Scanners An recognition (OCR) identification code that identification) is a
optical scanner, usually involves consists either of a set of technology that uses
called a scanner, is a reading typewritten, vertical lines and spaces radio signals to
light-sensing input computer-printed, or of different widths or a communicate with a tag
device that reads printed handprinted characters two-dimensional pattern placed in or attached to
text and graphics and from ordinary of dots, squares, and an object, an animal, or a
then translates the results documents and other images. The bar person. RFID tags,
into a form the computer translating the images code represents data that which contain a memory
can process. into a form the computer identifies the chip and an antenna, are
can process. manufacturer and the available
item. in many shapes and
sizes.
OTHER TYPES OF INPUT
7. Other Input for Biometric Input

Biometrics is the technology of authenticating a

person’s identity by verifying a personal
characteristic. Biometric devices grant users High security areas use iris recognition
access to programs, systems, or rooms by systems. The camera in an iris recognition
analyzing some physiological (related to physical system uses iris recognition technology to
or chemical activities in the body) or behavioral read patterns in the iris of the eye
characteristic.
OTHER TYPES OF INPUT
8. Other Input for Terminals
A terminal is a computer, usually with limited processing power, that enables users to send data to and/or receive information from
a host computer. Special-purpose terminals perform specific tasks and contain features uniquely designed for use in a particular
industry

POS terminal AUTOMATED TELLER DVD kiosk

MACHINE (ATM)
The location in a retail or grocery A DVD kiosk is a self-service
store where a consumer pays for An automated teller machine DVD rental machine that
goods or services is the point (ATM) is a self-service banking connects to a host computer
of sale (POS). Most retail stores machine that connects to a host through
use a POS terminal to record computer through a network a network (Figure 5-28). The
purchases, process credit or debit DVD kiosks, some of which can
cards, and update inventory. hold more than 600 DVDs, are
located nationwide at retail stores,
fast-food restaurants, grocery
stores, airports, and other
convenient public locations
OUTPUT DEVICES
What Is Output?
is data that has been processed into a useful form. That is, computers process data (input) into information (output).
Users view or watch output on a screen, print it, or hear it through speakers, headphones, or earbuds. While working
with a computer, a user encounters four basic types of output: text, graphics, audio, and video. Very often, a single
form of output, such as a Web page, includes more than one of these types of output.
Display Devices

• A display device is an output device that visually conveys

text, graphics, and video information.
• Desktop computers typically use a monitor as their display
device.
• A monitor is a display device that is packaged as a separate
peripheral.
• Some monitors have a tilt-and-swivel base that allows
users to adjust the angle of the screen to minimize neck
strain and reduce glare from overhead lighting. With
some, you can rotate the screen.
• Adjustable monitor stands allow you to adjust the
height of the monitor.
• Some have integrated speakers and/or a built-in Web
cam.
• Monitor controls permit users to adjust the brightness,
contrast, positioning, height, and width of images.
• Most mobile computers and devices integrate the
display and other components into the same physical
case.
LCD Monitors and LCD Screens

An LCD monitor is a desktop monitor that uses a liquid crystal display to produce images. These monitors produce sharp, flicker-
free images. LCD monitors have a small footprint; that is, they do not take up much desk space. LCD monitors are available in a
variety of sizes, with the more common being 19, 20, 22, 24, 26, 27, and 30 inches — some are 45 or 65 inches.

LCD Technology and Quality A liquid crystal display (LCD)

uses a liquid compound to present information on a display device.
Computer LCDs typically contain fluorescent tubes that emit light waves
toward the liquid-crystal cells, which are sandwiched between two sheets
of material.
Plasma Monitors
A plasma monitor is a display device that uses gas plasma technology, which sandwiches a layer of gas between two glass plates.
Plasma monitors offer screen sizes up to 150 inches wide and richer colors than LCD monitors but are more expensive.
CRT Monitors
A CRT monitor is a desktop monitor that contains a cathode-ray tube.
A cathode-ray tube (CRT) is a large, sealed glass tube. The front of the tube is the screen. A CRT’s viewable size is the diagonal
measurement of the actual viewing area provided by the screen in the CRT monitor. A 21-inch monitor, for example, may
have a viewable size of 20 inches.
Printers
A printer is an output device that produces text and graphics
on a physical medium such as paper.
Many different types and styles of printers exist with varying
speeds, capabilities, and printing methods.
An ink-jet printer Photo Printers Laser Printers Multifunction Peripherals
A multifunction
is a type of nonimpact printer A laser printer is a high-speed,
that forms characters and A photo printer is a color high-quality nonimpact printer peripheral, also called an
graphics by spraying tiny printer that produces photo- (Figure 5-38). Laser printers for all-in-one device, is a single
drops of liquid ink onto a lab-quality pictures. personal computers ordinarily device that looks like a
piece of paper. Ink-jet use individual sheets of paper printer or copy machine but
Some photo printers print just stored in one or more
printers have become a one or two sizes of photos, provides the functionality of
removable trays that slide in the
popular type of color printer for example, 3 3 5 inches and printer case. a printer, scanner, copy
for use in the home. Ink-jet 4 3 6 inches. Others print up Laser printers print text and
printers produce text and machine, and perhaps a fax
to letter size, legal size, or graphics in high-quality machine.
graphics in both black-and- even larger resolutions, usually ranging
white and color on a variety from 1200 to 2400 dpi. While
of paper types (Figure 5-36). laser printers usually cost more
A reasonable quality ink-jet than ink-jet printers, many
printer costs less than $100 models are available at
affordable prices for the home
user.
A thermal printer generates A mobile printer Plotters and Large-Format Impact Printers
images by pushing electrically is a small, lightweight, battery- Printers An impact printer forms
heated pins against heat- powered printer that allows a Plotters are sophisticated characters and graphics on a
sensitive paper. mobile user to print from a printers used to produce high- piece of paper by striking a
Basic thermal printers are notebook computer, or smart quality drawings such as mechanism against an inked
inexpensive, but the print phone or other mobile device blueprints, maps, and circuit ribbon that physically contacts
quality is low and the images while traveling diagrams. These printers are the paper. Impact printers are
tend to fade over used in specialized fields such ideal for printing multipart
time. as engineering and drafting and forms because they easily print
usually are very costly. through many layers of paper.
OTHER OUTPUT DEVICES

Speakers, Headphones, and Earbuds Data Projectors Interactive Whiteboards

An audio output device is a component A data projector is a device that An interactive whiteboard is a touch-
of a computer that produces music, takes the text and images displaying sensitive device, resembling a dry-erase
speech, or other sounds, such as beeps. on a computer screen and projects board, that displays the image on a
Three commonly used audio output them on a larger screen so that an connected computer screen
devices are speakers, headphones, and audience can see the image clearly
earbuds.