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MERCATUS STUDIES IN
POLITICAL AND SOCIAL ECONOMY
Entrepreneurship
and the Market Process
Edited by Arielle John · Diana W. Thomas
Mercatus Studies in Political and Social Economy
Series Editors
Virgil Henry Storr
Mercatus Center
George Mason University
Fairfax, VA, USA
Stefanie Haeffele
Mercatus Center
George Mason University
Fairfax, VA, USA
Political economy is a robust field of study that examines the economic
and political institutions that shape our interactions with one another.
Likewise, social economy focuses on the social interactions, networks,
and communities that embody our daily lives. Together, these fields of
study seek to understand the historical and contemporary world around
us by examining market, political, and social institutions. Through these
sectors of life, people come together to exchange goods and services, solve
collective problems, and build communities to live better together.
Scholarship in this tradition is alive and thriving today. By using the lens
of political and social economy, books in this series will examine complex
social problems, the institutions that attempt to solve these problems, and
the consequences of action within such institutions. Further, this approach
lends itself to a variety of methods, including fieldwork, case studies, and
experimental economics. Such analysis allows for deeper understanding of
social phenomena, detailing the context, incentives, and interactions that
shape our lives. This series provides a much-needed space for interdisci-
plinary research on contemporary topics on political and social economy.
In much of academia today, scholars are encouraged to work indepen-
dently and within the strict boundaries of their disciplines. However, the
pursuit of understanding our society requires social scientists to collabo-
rate across disciplines, using multiple methods. This series provides such
an opportunity for scholars interested in breaking down the boundaries
of disciplines in order to better understand the world around us.
Entrepreneurship
and the Market
Process
Editors
Arielle John Diana W. Thomas
Mercatus Center Institute of Economic Inquiry
George Mason University Creighton University
Fairfax, VA, USA Omaha, NE, USA
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer
Nature Switzerland AG 2021
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the
Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights
of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on
microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and
retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology
now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc.
in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such
names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for
general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and informa-
tion in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither
the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with
respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been
made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps
and institutional affiliations.
This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature
Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Contents
v
vi CONTENTS
Index 203
Notes on Contributors
vii
viii NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS
Cowen, Richard Wagner, Tom R. Burns, and the Nobel Laureate, James
Buchanan.
Arielle John is Senior Research Fellow, Associate Director of Academic
and Student Programs, and Senior Fellow for the F. A. Hayek Program
for Advanced Study in Philosophy, Politics and Economics at the Mercatus
Center at George Mason University, USA. Prior to joining the Mercatus
Center, she was an Assistant Professor of Economics at Beloit College
from 2014–2015, and then worked as the advisor to the Minister of Public
Administration and Communications in the Government of the Republic
of Trinidad and Tobago.
Stephen M. Jones-Young is Economist at the Coast Guard, USA. Prior
to joining the Coast Guard, Jones-Young earned his MA in Economics at
George Mason University and a Bachelor’s Degree in Economics at the
Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College at Florida Atlantic University.
Stephane Kouassi is Graduate Student in sociology at Goethe Univer-
sity, Germany. Kouassi is also an Adam Smith Fellow with the Mercatus
Center at George Mason University.
David S. Lucas is Assistant Professor in the Department of
Entrepreneurship and Emerging Enterprises at the Whitman School
of Management at Syracuse University, USA. His research interests
include entrepreneurship, institutions, organizations, and strategy, with
an emphasis on social issues like poverty and homelessness.
Olga Nicoara is Assistant Professor of Economics in the Department
of Business and Economics at Ursinus College, USA. She earned her
Ph.D. and MA degrees in economics from George Mason University
and her BSc degree in International Economics and Business from
Bucharest University of Economics. Nicoara’s scholarly interests are in the
fields of Economic Development, Political Economy, Austrian Economics,
Cultural Economics, Institutional Economics, and Entrepreneurship
Economics.
Liya Palagashvili is Assistant Professor of Economics at State Univer-
sity of New York—Purchase, USA. She is also a research fellow with
NYU Law. For the 2018–2019 academic year, she was a Visiting Scholar
in the Department of Political Economy at King’s College London. Pala-
gashvili’s research is on political economy and applied public policy.
She focuses on two main research areas: investigating the regulatory
NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS ix
xi
xii LIST OF FIGURES
xiii
CHAPTER 1
D. W. Thomas (B)
Institute of Economic Inquiry, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
e-mail: dianathomas@creighton.edu
A. John
Mercatus Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
e-mail: ajohn@mercatus.gmu.edu
References
Baumol, William J. 1990. Entrepreneurship: Productive, Unproductive, and
Destructive. Journal of Political Economy 98 (5): 893–921.
Buchanan, James M. 1964. What Should Economists Do? Southern Economic
Journal 30 (3): 213–222.
Chamlee-Wright, Emily. 2002. The Cultural Foundations of Economic Develop-
ment: Urban Female Entrepreneurship in Ghana. New York: Routledge.
Chamlee-Wright, E., and V. Storr. 2010. The Role of Social Entrepreneurship
in Post-Katrina Community Recovery. In The Political Economy of Hurricane
Katrina and Community Rebound, ed. E. Chamlee-Wright and V. Storr, 87–
106. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
Coyne, Christopher J., Russell S. Sobel, and John A. Dove. 2010. The Non-
Productive Entrepreneurial Process. Review of Austrian Economics 23 (4):
333–346.
DiLorenzo, Thomas J. 1988. Competition and Political Entrepreneurship:
Austrian Insights into Public-Choice Theory. The Review of Austrian
Economics 2 (1): 59–71.
Haeffele, Stefanie, and Anne Hobson. 2019. The Role of Entrepreneurs in
Facilitating Remittances in Cuba. In Lessons on Foreign Aid and Economic
Development, ed. Nabamita Dutta and Claudia Williamson. New York:
Palgrave Macmillan.
Haeffele, Stefanie, and Virgil H. Storr. 2019. Understanding Nonprofit Social
Enterprises: Lessons from Austrian Economics. The Review of Austrian
Economics 32 (3): 229–249.
Holcombe, Randall G. 2002. Political Entrepreneurship and the Democratic
Allocation of Economic Resources. The Review of Austrian Economics 15
(2–3): 143–159.
1 ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND THE MARKET PROCESS 9
John, Arielle, and Virgil Henry Storr. 2018. Kirznerian and Schumpeterian
Entrepreneurship in Trinidad and Tobago. Journal of Enterprising Communi-
ties: People and Places in the Global Economy 12 (5): 582–610.
Kirzner, Israel. 1973. Competition and Entrepreneurship. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press.
Kirzner, Israel. 1997. Entrepreneurial Discovery and the Competitive Market
Process: An Austrian Approach. Journal of Economic Literature 35 (1): 60–85.
Martin, Adam, and Diana W. Thomas. 2013. Two-tiered Political Entrepreneur-
ship and the Congressional Committee System. Public Choice 154 (1–2):
21–37.
Patrick, Carlianne E. 2014. Does Increasing Available Non-Tax Economic Devel-
opment Incentives Result in More Jobs? National Tax Journal 67 (2):
351–386.
Salter, Alexander, and Richard E. Wagner. 2018. Political Entrepreneurship,
Emergent Dynamics, and Constitutional Politics. Review of Social Economy
76 (3): 281–301.
Schumpeter, Joseph A. 1961. The Theory of Economic Development. New York:
Oxford University Press.
Simmons, Randy T., Ryan M. Yonk, and Diana W. Thomas. 2011. Bootleggers,
Baptists, and Political Entrepreneurs: Key Players in the Rational Game and
Morality Play of Regulatory Politics. The Independent Review 15 (3): 367–
381.
Smith, Adam. 1776. An Inquiry into the Nature and the Causes of the Wealth of
Nations. London: Methuen & Co., Ltd.
Sobel, Russell S. 2008. Testing Baumol: Institutional Quality and the Produc-
tivity of Entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing 23 (6): 641–655.
Storr, Virgil Henry. 2008. The Market as a Social Space: On the Meaningful
Extraeconomic Conversations That Can Occur in Markets. The Review of
Austrian Economics 21 (2–3):135–150
Storr, Virgil Henry, and Arielle John. 2011. The Determinants of Entrepreneurial
Alertness and the Characteristics of Successful Entrepreneurs. In Annual
Proceedings of the Wealth and Well-Being of Nations, Vol. 2, ed. Emily
Chamlee-Wright. Beloit College Press.
Storr, Virgil Henry, Stefanie Haeffele-Balch, and Laura E. Grube. 2016. Commu-
nity Revival in the Wake of Disaster: Lessons in Local Entrepreneurship. New
York: Springer.
Thomas, Diana, and Michael Thomas. 2014. Entrepreneurship: Catallactic and
Constitutional Perspectives. The Review of Austrian Economics 27 (1): 11–22.
PART I
Entrepreneurship in Theory
CHAPTER 2
Simon Bilo
Introduction
Human attention has limits, and people, at least to some extent, choose
what they pay attention to. I explore how limited, or scarce, atten-
tion might matter during recessions, when entrepreneurs suddenly face
a cluster of opportunities resulting from previous misallocations of factors
of production. Entrepreneurs’ alertness is, at that point, suddenly divided
between the profit opportunities from fixing the existing production
processes and the opportunities for brand-new investment projects. As
a result, entrepreneurs decide to postpone or discard some of the possible
new projects. This discussion of the limits of entrepreneurial alertness
is useful for two reasons. First, it provides an additional—and to my
knowledge novel—framework to understand the procyclical character of
aggregate investment that, for example, Stock and Watson (1998, 13)
document. Of course, the framework is a complement to rather than a
substitute for the existing theories that account for that procyclical char-
acter because the procyclicality is a generally accepted stylized fact. In one
way or another, business cycle models therefore incorporate this fact as,
S. Bilo (B)
Arlington, VA, USA
for example, Plosser (1989) exemplifies for real business cycle theory and
Lucas (1977) for new classical theory.
Second, it leads to an analytic framework that captures the allocation
of entrepreneurship during recessions. I later enhance the baseline frame-
work with an extension that includes unproductive entrepreneurship, such
as rent-seeking associated with fiscal expansion, as such entrepreneurship
can aggravate recessions.
My discussion of the allocation of entrepreneurship during a recession
lies at the intersection of three sets of literature. First, it builds on the
stylized fact that recessions tend to reveal clusters of errors, as suggested
by Hayek in his Copenhagen lecture ([1939] 1975, 141), meaning that
recessions are associated with a large number of entrepreneurs real-
izing that their projects are unprofitable. This fact can be observed
indirectly—for example, through increases in the number of bankrupt-
cies during recessions, as documented by Altman (1983) and Platt and
Platt (1994), through procyclical employment and countercyclical unem-
ployment (Stock and Watson 1998, 15), or through higher dispersion
of total-factor-productivity growth rates across industries (Eisfeldt and
Rampini 2006). I link the first two observations with what seems to be
a reasonable assumption: that companies usually do not plan to go out
of business and people usually do not plan to become unemployed. The
dispersion of total-factor-productivity growth is also consistent with the
existence of suddenly revealed mistakes that slow output growth in certain
industries.
The higher incidence of recognized errors during the recession matters
because it implies that the existing allocations of factors of production—
both capital and labor—might be inefficient, requiring their repurposing,
which is costly and requires imagination. In other words, investments are
to some extent irreversible because of the specificity and heterogeneity of
factors of production, which connects my discussion with a second stream
of literature. Some of the works on the irreversibility of investment under
uncertainty—including Bernanke (1983), Majd and Pindyck (1987), and
Pindyck (1993)—emphasize the irreversibility of deployed factors of
production from an ex ante perspective (that is, before investment). My
discussion instead focuses on what to do with already-existing capital
goods ex post, as emphasized by the Austrians, including Hayek ([1935]
1967), Mises ([1949] 1966, 503–514), Lachmann ([1956] 1978), and
Garrison (2001). The ex post emphasis is the appropriate one in the
context of recessions: during recessions entrepreneurs face the problem
2 DIVERTED ATTENTION DURING RECESSIONS 15
1 Note that the repurposing of the factors can happen within a company, though the
repurposing is less visible to external observers.
20 S. BILO
$ PNI*MPENI PFix*MPEFix
0NI E1 0Fix
2 This model is inspired by Feenstra and Taylor’s (2014, 69) model, which they use in
the context of the labor market’s responses to international trade shocks.
2 DIVERTED ATTENTION DURING RECESSIONS 21
right the equilibrium point (E) moves along the axis, the more alertness
entrepreneurs direct toward new investment projects.
Now the recessionary shock hits the economy. To keep things simple,
I assume that the profitability of the prospective new projects does
not change. The rearranging of the existing factors of production will
compete for entrepreneurs’ attention, and portions of the quasi-rents
are in this competition offered to the entrepreneurs to incentivize them
to use the existing factors of production instead of focusing on other
projects. The higher profitability of rearranging does not mean there are
new possibilities for using the existing factors, so the marginal product of
the entrepreneurial input itself does not change. Instead, it is the price of
the given marginal product that increases thanks to the higher fraction
of the quasi-rent captured by the entrepreneurs. Figure 2.2 illustrates
my reasoning and shows how the recessionary shock and related need
to reallocate existing factors of production also changes the allocation
of entrepreneurial alertness. Of course, if less alertness goes toward new
investment, the amount of new investment decreases, alertness being one
of the inputs.
Fig. 2.3 The allocation of entrepreneurial alertness into the three types of activ-
ities: new investment (NI), fixing the allocations of existing factors of production
(Fix), and rent-seeking (RS) (Source Author’s creation)
2 DIVERTED ATTENTION DURING RECESSIONS 23
PRS*MPERS
$ PNewInv*MPENewInv $ PFix*MPEFix $
Fig. 2.4 The allocation of entrepreneurship into the three types of activities
with an increase in the demand for rent-seeking (Source Author’s creation)
24 S. BILO
$ $ $
PNI*MPENI
PFix*MPEFix PRS*MPERS
0NI E2, NI E1, NI 0F E1, F E2, F 0RS E1, RS E2, RS
Fig. 2.5 The allocation of entrepreneurship into the three types of activities
with an increase in the demand for rent-seeking and fixing the allocations of the
existing factors of production during recession (Source Author’s creation)
Conclusion
The topic of the dynamics of recessions, discussed here, relates to a funda-
mental methodological question of how economies equilibrate. While
under normal circumstances it seems reasonable to simply assume equi-
librium, as economists routinely tend to do, this is not a plausible
assumption for a situation, such as a recession, in which it is hard to
ignore pervasive disequilibria. If equilibrium is not re-established imme-
diately, it makes sense to look for the reasons, and it seems reasonable
to assume, as I did in this paper, that equilibration itself is subject to the
2 DIVERTED ATTENTION DURING RECESSIONS 25
References
Alchian, Armen A. 2006. Words: Musical or Meaningful? In The Collected Works
of Armen A. Alchian, vol. 1, 549–585. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.
Altman, Edward I. 1983. Why Businesses Fail. Journal of Business Strategy 3:
15–21.
Baumol, William J. 1968. Entrepreneurship in Economic Theory. American
Economic Review 58: 64–71.
Baumol, William J. 1990. Entrepreneurship: Productive, Unproductive, and
Destructive. Journal of Political Economy 98: 893–921.
Bernanke, Ben S. 1983. Irreversibility, Uncertainty, and Cyclical Investment.
Quarterly Journal of Economics 98: 85–106.
Eisfeldt, Andrea L., and Adriano A. Rampini. 2006. Capital Reallocation and
Liquidity. Journal of Monetary Economics 53: 369–399.
Feenstra, Robert C., and Alan M. Taylor. 2014. Essentials of International
Economics, 3rd ed. New York: Worth Publishers.
Garrison, Roger W. 2001. Time and Money: The Macroeconomics of Capital
Structure. New York: Routledge.
Gifford, Sharon. 1992. Allocation of Entrepreneurial Attention. Journal of
Economic Behavior & Organization 19: 265–284.
26 S. BILO
Hayek, Friedrich A. von. [1935] 1967. Prices and Production. 2nd ed. New
York: Augustus M. Kelley.
Hayek, Friedrich A. von. [1939] 1975. Price Expectations, Monetary Distur-
bances and Malinvestment. In Profits, Interest, and Investment and Other
Essays on the Theory of Industrial Fluctuations, 135–156. Clifton: Augustus.
Kirzner, Israel M. [1973] 1978. Competition and Entrepreneurship. Chicago and
London: University of Chicago press.
Krueger, Anne O. 1974. The Political Economy of the Rent-Seeking Society. The
American Economic Review 64: 291–303.
Lachmann, Ludwig M. [1956] 1978. Capital and Its Structure. Kansas City:
Sheed Andrews and McMeel.
Lucas, Robert E. 1977. Understanding Business Cycles. Carnegie-Rochester
Conference Series on Public Policy 5: 7–29.
Majd, Saman, and Robert S. Pindyck. 1987. Time to Build, Option Value, and
Investment Decisions. Journal of Financial Economics 18: 7–27.
Mises, Ludwig von. [1949] 1966. Human Action: A Treatise on Economics, 3rd
ed. Chicago: Contemporary Books.
Pindyck, Robert S. 1993. Investment of Uncertain Cost. Journal of Financial
Economics 34: 53–76.
Platt, Harlan D., and Marjorie B. Platt. 1994. Business Cycle Effects on State
Corporate Failure Rates. Journal of Economics and Business 46: 113–127.
Plosser, Charles I. 1989. Understanding Real Business Cycles. Journal of
Economic Perspectives 3: 51–77.
Stock, James H., and Mark W. Watson. (1998). Business Cycle Fluctuations in
U.S. Macroeconomic Time Series. NBER Working Paper 6528.
Storr, Virgil Henry, and Arielle John. 2011. The Determinants of Entrepreneurial
Alertness and the Characteristics of Successful Entrepreneurs. Annual Proceed-
ings of the Wealth and Well-Being of Nations 3: 87–107.
Takii, Katsuya. 2008. Fiscal Policy and Entrepreneurship. Journal of Economic
Behavior & Organization 65: 592–608.
Tullock, Gordon. 1967. The Welfare Costs of Tariffs, Monopolies, and Theft.
Economic Inquiry 5: 224–232.
CHAPTER 3
Introduction
The “theory of the firm” in modern economics is essentially an opti-
mization exercise within an equilibrium framework. It suggests a firm’s
decisions concerning inputs depend exclusively upon a given production
function and the given relative prices of those inputs. This approach has
allowed the widespread application of the familiar tools of marginal anal-
ysis and, as such, has yielded a number of insights into aspects of firm
input choices, particularly as input parameters are changed exogenously.
It does, however, have an important shortcoming: it largely assumes away
more fundamental production decisions, such as which inputs to use or
even which good to produce in the first place. Its simplicity also tends
to require an elementary production function (typically Cobb–Douglas)
K. Jakee (B)
Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
e-mail: kjakee@fau.edu
S. M. Jones-Young
United States Coast Guard, Department of Homeland Security, Washington,
DC, USA
and technology that is given and monolithic; the latter assumption rules
out problems of deciding which one of potentially multiple technologies
would be optimal. In other words, even though the moniker “theory
of the firm” evokes a predictive framework of considerable generality, it
largely ignores choices associated with the notion of “entrepreneurship,”
including firm creation, innovation of products and production processes,
and even what the firm should produce in the first place.
In contrast to the standard maximizing approach, we contend that
entrepreneurial choices are, first, choices over bundles of subsidiary or co-
requisite decisions that are not easily disentangled. Effectively, then, the
entrepreneur commits resources to one imagined “big-picture” state-of
the world when she makes her entrepreneurial choice, to the exclusion of
other, imagined states-of-the world. We assert these big-picture decisions
are discrete, nonmarginal choices.
The second aspect of entrepreneurial decision-making follows from the
first: entrepreneurial choices necessarily involve significant computational
complexity because they subsume many other underlying choices. It is, in
other words, difficult to determine the bundled decision that represents
the very best decision possible. In sum, if entrepreneurial decisions—
including what types of goods to produce, what production process
to use, where to locate and so on—are highly complex bundles, then
the standard microeconomic framework based on marginal conditions is
inadequate for the task.
While we contend the lumpiness and multidimensional nature of
entrepreneurial decisions make marginal tools maladapted to the task of
analyzing them, marginal analysis can be valuable in other applications. Its
usefulness can be appreciated if we divide firm decision-making into two
stages, one involving entrepreneurial decisions and the other involving the
day-to-day running of the firm. It is the second stage, when basic deci-
sions about what to produce and how to do it have already been made,
that constitutes the traditional “theory of the firm.” In this second stage,
the “mere manager”—the term used by Schumpeter ([1912] 1983, 83)—
fine-tunes a production process already in place. Such fine-tuning cannot,
by definition, change the production function, but can change the input
mix into the production function. The well-known marginal conditions
might therefore be helpful in this second stage.
The first stage, by contrast, involves an agent creating some new
production process or transforming an existing one. Since the agent
does not have a production process already in place, she must decide
3 ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS COMPLEX, BUNDLED DECISIONS … 29
VYFDE TOONEEL.
Don Quichot. Staa Ridder, wat heeft die.... San. Ja oele hy gaat
fluiten.
Wou jy die veugel in zyn vlucht zo makk’lijk stuiten?
Dat ’s miskoot. Maer myn Heer, wat zellen wy nou doen?
Don Qu. Zo ras als ’t moog’lyk is, naar Saragossa spoên,
Op hoop van nog in tyds het steekspel by te woonen.
San. Wat waar ik ook een gek, dat ik me meê liet troonen!
Sanche zegt tegen den ezel.
Myn lieve Graeuwtje wat heb ik al deurgestaan;
Wat hebben, jy en ik, al menig droeve traen
Op deezen tocht ’estort! myn hart! myn lust! myn leeven!
Myn zeun! myn graeuwtje! jy bent in myn hart ’eschreven.
Wat zyn we trouwe broêrs, in lief, in leet, in nood!
’k Zal jou in goud beslaen myn keuning, nae jou dood.
Don Qu. Laat myne Ronsinant, met Graeuwtje ginder weiên.
San. Ik zel ze gunter, daar het beste gras groeijt, leîen.
Sanche brengt de beesten weg.
Don Qu. Gaa allereêlste beest, getrouwe Ronzinant,
Gaa opperpronkjuweel der paerden van dit Land.
Uw naam zal in het kort met grooter luister pralen,
Gy zult nog meerder roem als Bucefal behaalen.
Die groote Bucefal, held Alexanders paerd,
Daar gy in trouwheid en grootmoedigheid naar aard,
Heeft door zyns meesters arm nooit grooter roem verkregen,
Als gy verwachten kunt, door myn’ gevreesden degen;
Myn degen, dien ik heb aan myn Princes gewyd,
Myn lief Dulcinea, het pronkbeeld van deez’ tyd,
De zoetste roofster van myn’ zinnen en gedachten,
Om wie ik eenzaam dool, by dagen en by nachten.
Wanneer, ô schoone! zal ’t gelukkig uurtje zyn,
Dat gy uw’ Don Quichot zult helpen uit de pyn!
Wanneer, ô wreede! zult ge ophouden my te plaagen?
Of moet ik doolen om uw’ liefde al myne dagen?
Heb ik vergeefs gestreên met menig’ kloeken held?
Sloeg ik vergeefs dan den Biskaijer uit het veld?
En heeft u Passamont, met ketenen belaaden,
En and’re boeven, niets verhaald van myne daaden?
’t Is zeker! Maar gy blyft, ô wreede! nog versteend,
En lacht, helaas! wanneer uw droeve ridder weent.
Ik zal, indien ’t u lust, de bekkeneelen kneuzen,
Van schelmse tovenaars en schrikkelyke reuzen;
Al quam hier Sakripant, een reus van d’ ouden tyd,
Hy moest bekennen dat gy de allerschoonste zyt,
Het pronkstuk der natuur, de paerel aller vrouwen;
Of ’k zou hem met myn zwaerd den kop van ’t lichaam houwen.
San. Och Ridder Don Quichot, ’k verlang al weer naer huis!
Don Qu. Geduld, myn zoon, geduld.
San. Ja ’k zie vast munt, noch kruis,
Won ik nog geld, met al dat hongerige doolen.
Don Qu. ô Sanche! Sanche! gy begind al weêr te toolen;
Waar heeft een Schildknaap van een doolend Ridder geld
Tot loon van dienst geëischt? Zeg eens wat boek vermeldt,
Dat Roeland, Amadis of Palmeryn de Olyven,
Geld gaven, zeg? San. Ik kan niet leezen, noch niet schryven,
Wat bruid me Roeland, met jou hiele ridderschap,
Als ik gien geld heb. Don Qu. Schelm! ik dagt u op den trap
Van eer, en hoog geluk, door mynen arm te zetten
Loop naar uw wyf, loop heen, ik zal ’t u niet beletten
Gaa werken om de kost, gy zyt myn gunst niet waard.
Zo ik een koninkrijk kan winnen, door myn swaard,
Zal ik een ander, u ten spyt, tot koning maaken;
Bedenk dan, Sanche, hoe die euvel u zal smaaken.
San. Och, och, vergeef het my, ’k en hebt zo niet ’emiend.
Myn heer, ik hebje met men Graeuwtje lang ’ediend,
En overal gevolgd. Beloofje nog te geeven
Een eiland veur myn loon: ik zel jou al myn leeven
Daar veur bedanken? Don Qu. Ja, het eerste dat ik win.
San. In ’t admirantschap, heb ik ook al vry wat zin
Of maek me maer zo ’n graef, of prins, ’t ken jou niet scheelen,
Al wierd ik Keuning; als je tog bent an het deelen,
Zo leg me maer wat toe, van d’eenen brui, of d’aêr
Hy kan ligt knippen die een lap heit met een schaer.
Maer ’k wou dat ik het zag gebeuren, zei de blinde.
Don Qu. ’k Moet lachen, Sanche.
San. Zie myn heer, zie door de linde:
Loop daer gien kaerel? Don Qu. Geef myn schild en myn geweer:
Het is een Ridder. San. Neen, het is een boer, myn heer.
Don Qu. ’k Zeg ’t is een Ridder: haal myn lancie, niet te draalen.
San. Het is een boer, heer of de drommel moet me haelen.
Don Qu. Ik ken hem aan de veer, die op zyn helmtop zit.
Is ’t Ridder Splandor, zoon van Medor. San. Ei ik bid,
Maek tog gien questie, je bend zekerlyk bedrogen.
Merlyn de Tovenaer draeijt weer een rad voor je oogen.
ZESDE TOONEEL.
ZEVENDE TOONEEL.
ACHSTE TOONEEL.
Sanche. Dat lykt een raere haen, die Prins van de Indiaenen,
Een Kok en Prins mit ien!
Don Qu. Hoe Sanche, zoudt gy waanen
Dat zulks niet meer geschied? San. Wel neen, ik lach ’er om.
Kam. Kom geef me muts nou weer.
Don Qu. Zyt gy de bruidegom?
Met wie myn waarde vrind?
Kam. Ik mien van daeg te trouwen;
Hier zel et zelschip zyn, ’k zel hier de bruiloft houwen.
Don Qu. Wie zal uw Ega zyn, ô Splandor, wat Princes?
Kam. Ei scheer de gek niet meer.
Don Qu. Uw waerde zielsvoogdes
Is wis van Prins’lyk bloed, of koningklyke looten?
Kam. Een halleve boerin, uit d’ adel voort’esproten,
Heur Vaertje boert zo wat: maer hy’s van adel.
Don Qu. Zoon,
Wat is uw eêl verstand betoverd! groote Goôn!
Hoe is haar naam; hoe wordt de Infante toch geheeten.
Kam. Ze is gien Infangte: maer ze is mooij, dat motje weeten,
Zo blank als schaepenmelk. Heur wangetjes zyn rood,
Ze is niet te dik, te dun, te klein, noch niet te groot;
Heur veurhoofd blinkt puur, puur, gelyk een barbiersbekken.
’Er hiele bakus is vol van wongerlike trekken.
Don Qu. Maer nu, haer naam?
San. Ze’et nooit misschien geen naem ’ehadt.
Kam. Ze hiet Quiteria, heer Ridder, dat je ’t vat.
Maer zie, verstae je wel, daer quam er nog ien vreijen.
Die hiet Bazillius. Zy mocht hem vry wel leijen,
Maer ’t hulp niet: wangt hy is een arme kaele neet,
Zo’n edelmannetje, dat graeg wat lekkers eet,
Patrysjes, hoendertjes, kon hy ze maer betaelen.
Hy krygtze wel: maer moetze eerst op de jagt gaen haelen:
Daer leeft hy miest van; maer ’t is al een raere vent,
Hy ken latyn as een pastoor; ’t is een student,
Dat jy het vat Sinjeur. ô Hy kan wongdre zaeken.
Ik heb ’em van een aeij een kaerteblad zien maeken;
En hy kan dangsen als een ekster op het veld;
Hy kan ook sling’ren mit’et vaendel als een held.
En hy kan schermen, en ook kaetzen, mit de boeren;
En mit verkeeren kan hy elk zyn geld afloeren;
Hy kan ook speulen op de veel, en de schalmy.
De blind’mans zeun is maer een botterik er by.
Hy is wel gaeuw,... maar ik heb geld, om van te kluiven.
Hy niet; en daerom zel hy ’an de veest niet snuiven.
Ik kryg de bruid, en ’t is zijn neusje effen mis.
Maer appropo, Sinjeur, weet je ook hoe laet of ’t is?
’Et was ezaid, dat ik precies te zeuven uuren
Most by de vrinden zyn, en deur je malle kuuren
Is ’t laet ’eworden, geef men muts me maer weêrom,
En gae mit my, Sinjeur; ik hiet je wellekom,
’k Noô jou te Brulloft; wangt jy lykt een snaek der snaeken,
Je kent de boeren op de Brulloft wat vermaeken.
San. Te brulloft broertje? gaet dat zeker? wel is ’t waer?
Je bent een man as spek, dat lyktme, zoete vaer.
Ik heb (och harm) lang uit men knapzak moeten blikken.
Te Brulloft, weetje ’t wel? gut kaerel, ’k ken zo slikken
Stae vast nou hoendertjes, en snipjes met je drek.
Stae frikkedilletjes. Kam. ’t is tyd dat ik vertrek:
Ei geef me muts weêrom, je kent’em niet gebruiken.
San. Gut Splandor, ik begin ’t gebraed alriets te ruiken.
Kam. Ik hiet gien plankoor, broêr, Kamacho is myn naem.
Men vaertje sageles, was Lopes Pedro daam,
In Lombrigje men moer, ’ebooren te Bregance....
Maer hoe is jou naem, broêr? San. Die is don Sanche Pance.
’k Bin deur dien goejen heer, puur uit den drek ’eraekt.
Hy heit me van een boer een Gouverneur ’emaakt.
Kam. Een Gormandeur, wel zo, wie drumpel zou het denken!
Een Gormandeurschap kan jou Heer dat an jou schenken?
San. Ja, van een Eiland, en ’k kreeg zeuven ezels toe.
Kam. Heb jy die al? San. Wel neen: ’k heb de ezels nog te goê,
En ’t Eiland zel men Heer in korte dagen winnen.
Kam. De vent is zeker gek, wie drommel zou ’t verzinnen?
Hoe hiet dat ailand, en waar laitet? an wat kangt?
San. ’t Leit in Jaerabien, digt by het heilig land,
’t Hiet mikrosko.pi.pi.pium.... ’t is me al vergeeten,
Daer weunde een groote Reus, de mallenbrui geheeten,
Zo groot gelyk een boom. Maer hy ’s al lang kapot;
Men Heer die potste hem. Kam. Een reus! wel dat’s niet rot.
Een Reus? hoe vindt men nou nog reuzen? hoe ken’t weezen?
San. Ja Broertje, mien je dat wy veur de Reuzen vreezen?
Veur twintig Reuzen, zou men Heer staen als een pael.
Kam. Ik word waratjes aêrs van zulk een vreemd verhael.
San. Ja Reuzen alzoo groot als meulens mit vier armen,
Die steekt men Heer maer mit zyn lansie in de darmen.
In al de Legers daer hy komt, daer maekt hy schrik:
’t Is kip ik hebje! steek! slae, in een oogenblik
Is ’t hiele veld bezaeid, mit armen, en mit beenen:
Hy slaet terstongt maer deur een hiel slagorden heenen.
Kam. Gangs ligters, is dat waer! heb jy het zelfs ’ezien?
San. Ja ’k; ’t is omtrent ’eleen, nae ’k gis een maend, of tien,
Toen heit hy teugen een hiel leger nog ’evochten;
Ze vlugtten al; maer juist die beesten, die gedrochten,
Van schelmse Tovenaars, die quaemen op ’et mat.
Ze gooijden al ’er best mit steenen naer ons gat,
En maekten van ’er volk een hiele kudde schaepen!
Kam. Wel langsje, viel daer niet wat buit veur jou te raepen?
San. Ja steenen op ons bast, dat’s tovenaersmanier.
Men Heer verloor dien tyd ook wel een tand drie vier.
Kam. Je heer lykt wel bedroefd: hy is diep in gedachten.
San. Men Heer? ja die’s verliefd, hy klaegt gehiele nachten;
Je hoort niet anders als: ô schoone ondankbaerheid!
Dulcinea, princes, ô noordstar die me leid!
Wanneer zel jy me veur men trouwe dienst beloonen!
Dan zucht hy weer, en roept: ô schoonste van de schoonen,
Wanneer genaekt den tyd, dat ik.... exceterae,
’t Is al Dulcinea ondankbaer veur en nae.
Kam. Is die Dulcinea dan veur zo mooy te houwen?
Ik wed ze mooijer is, die ik van daeg zel trouwen.
Don Qu. Wat zegt gy Splandor? ha dat liegt gy, door uw’ hals.
’t Za, vat uw’ lancie. Kam. Och heer Ridder, ’et is vals,
Jou liefste is mooijer: maar wie pikken sou et droomen!
Had ik ’eweeten dat je ’t qualyk had ’enomen,
Dat ik myn Bruid wat prees, ’k had ’et wel ’emyd.
Don Qu. Neen ik wil vechten, ’t za berei u tot den stryd,
Ik geef u keur van grond. Kam. ’k Hou niet een brui van vechten.
Och! Ridder wees te vreên!
Don Qu. Zeg hoe gy ’t wilt beslechten,
’k Geef keur, te paerd, te voet, met lancie, of het zwaerd.
Kam. Gena: genade, och! och! ik zweer je by myn baerd,
Dat ik niet vechten kan.... Och! och! hoe zel ’t hier daegen?
Moord! brangd! moord! brangd! help! help! ô ongehoorde
plaegen,....
Daer’s Vetlasoep met volk!
Don Qu. ’t Za, ’t za, waar ’s uw geweer?
Kam. Help Mannen! mannen! help!
Don Qu. Hoe schreeuwt gy zo myn Heer?
NEGENDE TOONEEL.
TIENDE TOONEEL.
ELFDE TOONEEL.
Bazilius, Kamacho.
Bazilius. Kamacho, schaam u, hoe?
Zo’n edel man te slaan; zeg waar by koomt dat toe?
Kam. Ei lieve zie, hoe mal dat hy ’em an kan stellen,
Puur of hy ’t niet en wist. Hoor, wil ik ’t je eens vertellen?
’t Is ien van jou konsoort, jy hebt ’em op’emaekt
Om my te bruyen. Heb ik ’t op zyn kop ’eraekt?
Baz. Ik heb hem nooit gezien; maar van zyn dapper leeven,
En wonderlyk bedryf is korts een boek geschreven,
Valasko heeft het, en vindt groote smaak daar in.
Kam. Wat is dat veur een boek? wat heit ’et veur een zin?
Baz. Van vechten en van slaan, en reuzen overwinnen,
Jonkvrouwen by te staan, getrouw’lyk te beminnen,
En honderd dingen meer die hy nog dag’lyks doet.
Hy is een Ridder van een groot verstand en moed.
Kam. Maer komje hier ook om de Bruiloft te verstooren?
Baz. Wat wisje wasjes, neen.
Kam. Ik wou wel graeg iens hooren,
Hoe ’tjou al ’an staet, dat de Bruid jou is ontvryd.
Baz. ’k Hoop dat die zwaarigheid zal slyten door den tyd.
Ik wensch u veel geluk dewyl ’t nu zo moet wezen.
Kam. Je bent bylo een borst uit duizend uitgelezen.
Hou daer, daer is myn hangd, ’k denk ummers dat je ’t mient?
Baz. Voorzeker; ’k hou u voor myn’ allerbesten vriend.
Kam. Kom meê te bruiloft, ’k zel je helder doen trakteeren;
Gut jonker, doet ’et. Baz. ’k Moet juist gaan by zek’re heeren.
Kam. Gut snaekje doet ’et.
Baz. Zo ik tyd vind, zal ik ’t doen.
Kam. Hadie dan, dat gaet na myn liefstentje om een zoen.
TWAALFDE TOONEEL.
Bazilius, alleen.
O hemel! zal die lompe Boer erlangen
Een schoone Maegd, wiens aangenaam gezicht
Myn noordstar is, myn eenig levens licht,
En die ik dagt voor myne Bruid te ontvangen.
Quiteria, hoe vaak hebt gy beloofd
Met hand en mond, my nimmer te begeeven:
Maar steeds met my in zoete min te leeven!
Heeft dan het goud uw trouwe min verdoofd?
Neen ’t was geveinsd, gy doet my eeuwig treuren,
’k Zink in een poel van jammer, en verdriet!
’k Zal sterven: want my lust het leeven niet,
Nu my ’t bezit van u niet mag gebeuren.
’t Is ydel met myn zuchten, en geween;
Ik strooij vergeefs myn’ klagten voor de winden.
Daar is geen trouw ter waereld meer te vinden:
Men mint om ’t goud, ’t geld is de liefde alleen.
Men agt verstand, noch aangenaame zeden,
Men vraagt naar konst, noch eêlheid van gemoed:
Maar naar ’t genot van schatten, geld, en goed.
’t Geld maakt een dwaas behaag’lyk in zyn reden.
Vaar wel, vaar wel, ô overschoone maagd!
Mogt ik voor ’t laatst van u dien troost verwerven,
Dat gy bedenkt wat minnaar gy doet sterven;
Een minnaar, dien u eertyds heeft behaagd.
Waar loop ik heen? waar vliegen myn gedachten?
Behaagde ik u? neen, gy behaagde my.
Myn min was ernst: maar de uwe veinzery.
Ach, kon ik dit van u, van u verwachten!
Rampzal’ge min, gy hebt my, laas! verleid;
Quiteria was voor my niet gebooren.
ô Min! gy laat my in hun strikken smooren!
Quiteria vaar wel in eeuwigheid!
Maar ach! zy koomt.
DERTIENDE TOONEEL.
TWEEDE TOONEEL.
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