Geography-of-India

Geography of India
India is a vast country. Some people even call it the epitome of the world due to its
diversity of landscapes, languages, ethnic groups and Bharata's (it is how native
speakers name their motherland) flora and fauna. India ranks 7th in the world by the
size of the territory and first by population figures. The country is situated at the
Peninsula of Hindustan in South Asia. The scholars traditionally distinguish three areas
within India. These are the lowlands of the Indus and the Ganges, the Deccan plateau
and the extreme South, where the Dravidian people live. India is bounded by numerous
neighbours. There is Pakistan in the North-West, Nepal, China and Bhutan in the North.
Bharata is limited to the East by Myanmar and Bangladesh (it was a part of West
Bengal in the past). There is an island country of Sri Lanks in the South.
The capital city of India is New Delhi, which is a district of the conurbation of
Delhi. It is a place where different eras meet each other, it is the city of contrasts. Such
sites as Red Fort, the Qutub Minar, the Purana Quila, Humayun's tomb are definitely
worth seeing. In the list of the most populated cities it ranks second. Delhi is known to
be a city, but it is also one of the Bharata's Union territories. In total, there are 8 Union
territories and 28 states in India. The biggest ones are Rajasthan, Maharashtra and
Madhya Pradesh. As for other large cities, these are Mumbai, Calcutta and Bangalore.
India is famous for its landscapes. There are a lot of mountain ranges. The
Himalayas stretch in the North. They play a great role in climate formation. This lofty
belt protects Bharata from cold winds. Other examples of the mountain ranges are the
Purvachal in the North-East (which is a barrier between local tribes and Burma) the
Aravali,the Vindhya, the Eastern and Western Ghats in the Deccan plateau. The
Northern India is well-known for its alluvial and fertile soils in the lowlands of the
Ganges. There is also an extensive Thar desert in Rajasthan and salt marshes near
Gujarat.
Bharata is a land of the rivers. It has immense water resources. The most
essential rivers are the Brahmaputra, the Ganges, the Krishna, the Godavari and the
Tapti. India has an extremely long coastline, which takes 7517 kilometres. Its territory
is washed by the Arabian Sea in the South-West, by the Indian ocean in the South-East
and by the Bay of Bengal in the East.
Despite the fertile and alluvial soils, India is considered to be the zone of risky
farming due to climate. There are 6 seasons in Bharata: spring (vasanta), summer
(grishma – season of drought), monsoon season (varsha), autumn (sharada), winter
(hemanta) and prevernal season (shishira). Agriculture of the country really depends on
monsoons. If they come a bit later or set for too long, the harvest will suffer.
Speaking of ethnic groups, it is impossible to name all of them, but tribes are
worth mentioning. They inhabit some areas of the Deccan, and tribal states are located
in the North-East. The tribal population is called "adivasi". Adivasi comprise 8% of all
India's population. However, tribal population should not be thought as something
primitive. Most of these people have perfect education and they struggle for their
rights. The literacy rate of the population is 74%. Life expectancy is about 72 years.
There are more than 20 state languages in Bharata (this number even includes
sanskrit, the language of the ancient times). The most wide spread ones are, obviously,
Hindi and English.
Flora and fauna are abudant. It is possible to meet about 21 thousand species of
plants. There a lot of kinds of forests – coniferous forests, evergreen forests, mangrove
forests, tropical ones, etc. The lotus is the symbol of India. Talking about fauna, India is
often associated with elephants. The country is home to 423 mammals, 1233 birds,
526 reptiles. For example, Bharata's fauna includes rhinoceroses, numerous species of
snakes, bengal tigers, asiatic lions, musk deers and, of course, monkeys, who really like
stealing different tiny things from tourists.
To sum up, India is a great country. It is definitely worth visiting because it is a
small world in the world with its own peculiar culture.
Sarakula Nikita

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