UNIVERSITY OF SAINT LOUIS

Tuguegarao City

SCHOOL OF EDUCATION, ARTS and SCIENCES

First Semester
A.Y. 2020-2021

CORRESPONDENCE LEARNING MODULE

ARTS 1013- ART APPRECIATION

Prepared by:

RUTH ANN M. BINGCANG

MELANIE T. BUCO
JOHN MARK A. NARAG
Course Instructors

Reviewed by:

RENZ MARION C. GAVINO,MP

Head, General Education Area

Recommended by:

VENUS I. GUYOS, Ph.D.

Academic Dean

Approved by:

EMMANUEL JAMES P. PATTAGUAN, Ph.D.

Vice President for Academics

ARTS 1013: Art Appreciation Module 5 | 1

 UNIVERSITY PRAYER

O God, wellspring of goodness and blessings, we give you thanks and praise as one Louisian community. The
graces You incessantly grant upon us and Your divine providence have sustained our beloved University throughout
the years of mission and excellence.

Having been founded by the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, we pray that You keep us committed
and dedicated to our mission and identity to serve the Church and the society as we become living witnesses to the
Gospel values proclaimed by Jesus. For if we are steadfast in our good and beautiful mission, our works will bring
success not only to ourselves but also to those whom we are bound to love and serve.

Inspired by St. Louis our Patron Saint, who was filled with a noble spirit that stirred him to love You above all things ,
may we also live believing that we are born for a greater purpose and mission as we dwell in Your presence all the
days of our life.

Grant all these supplications through the intercession of

Mother Mary and through Christ our Lord. Amen.

ARTS 1013: Art Appreciation Module 5 | 2

 CORRESPONDENCE LEARNING MODULE
ARTS 1013: Art Appreciation
First Semester, AY 2020-2021

Week 9-10

Topic: Art History

Learning Outcomes: At the end of this module, you are expected to:
• Identify the underlying history, philosophy of the era or movements in
Art
• Classify the various movements according to various characteristics

LEARNING CONTENT
Introduction:
Visual art recounts stories of our past, it gives an account of past events. Art history allows us to look
back and understand how our civilization evolved over the centuries. It is a way to know ourselves better. Why
do we have certain values? What shaped the way we think and our vision of the world? Well, if we consider the
discipline differently from a career standpoint, we realize that it serves fundamental purposes.
Studying art history is really not about memorizing dates, artists’ names, art movements, etc. Instead, it
drives you to analyze paintings, photographs, sculptures, etc. To support your analysis, you must build rational
and convincing arguments, hence developing your critical thinking.

Let’s begin to identify the underlying history, philosophy of the era or movements…

Lesson Proper:
Week 9

Art History
Art history is the study of objects of art
considered within their time period. Art historians

ARTS 1013: Art Appreciation Module 5 | 3

analyze visual arts’ meaning (painting, sculpture, architecture) at the time they were created.
Art history is not simply listing all the art movements and placing them on a timeline. It is the study of
objects of art considered within their time period. Art historians analyze visual arts’ meaning (painting,
sculpture, architecture) at the time they were created. Also, another of art history’s mission is to establishes
authorial origins of artworks, i.e. discovering who created a particular artwork, when, when and for what
reason.

Iconography is a major part of art history. It consists in analyzing the symbolism of works of arts. For
instance, art historians identify the visual elements of a painting and interpret its meaning. Art historians are
interested in what the works of art represented at the time they were created. It is a way to learn about the
civilizations of the past.

Beginning of Architecture
The beginning of architecture was when the early man began the practice of burying the dead. The first
architectural structures were the menhirs, dolmens, and cromlechs. They were associated with funeral and
religious purpose

1. Menhirs were simple monuments consisting of a single large piece of stone called megalith.

Image online source: https://steemit.com/nature/@yo117/menhir

2. Dolmens were made up of a number of vertical megaliths with a horizontal slab spanning them. They
are beginning of post-and-lintel system (this is a building system where strong horizontal elements are
held up by strong vertical elements with large spaces between them.)

Image online source: https://steemit.com/nature/@yo117/menhir

ARTS 1013: Art Appreciation Module 5 | 4

 3. Cromlechs were more complex structures made up of a number of megaliths in concentric circles
extending over a wide area. An example of the cromlech is the famous Stonehenge in Salisbury Plain,
England, which served as a huge calendar.

Image online source: https://www.britannica.com/place/Salisbury-Plain-England

River Civilization
At the onset of warmer weather throughout the world, man migrated and settled along the banks of the river:

The Tigris and Euphrates in Mesopotamia The Nile River in Egypt

The Yangtze River in China The Ganges River in India

The Indus River in India

ARTS 1013: Art Appreciation Module 5 | 5
 The first writing system was invented: The cuneiform writing of the
Phoenicians

Cuneiform is a system of writing first developed by the ancient

Sumerians of Mesopotamia c. 3500-3000 BCE. It is considered the most
significant among the many cultural contributions of the Sumerians and the
greatest among those of the Sumerian city of Uruk which advanced the
writing of cuneiform c. 3200 BCE.
Image Online Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/cuneiform

In Mesopotamia arose the kingdoms of Sumeria and Babylonia. The first codes of law were
drawn up, the most famous of which is the Code of Hammurabi with its principles: “Eye for an eye, a tooth
for a tooth.” - or the law of retaliation is the principle that a person who has injured another person is to be
penalized to a similar degree by the injured party. In softer interpretations, it means the victim receives the
estimated value of the injury in compensation.

Image online source: https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/hammurabi

In Babylonia, known for its Tower of Babel, was erected the ziggurat, a tower-like structure
which strove to reach the skies. Sculpture was generally associated with the religious function. All the arts
were in the service of religion and the glory of the ruler.

Image online source: https://densitydesign.org/2015/04/cross-cultural-neutrality-about-controversy

Egyptian Art
The art of the Egypt was closely knit with religion and its very core is profound preoccupation with death
and immortality. The basic religious scripture was the Book of the Dead with its funeral prayers and rituals.

ARTS 1013: Art Appreciation Module 5 | 6

The remains of the dead were preserved through mummification, and their image was preserved in painting
and sculpture. Egyptians devoted more time in the building of tombs rather than the construction of dwellings.
The earlier and simpler type of tomb was the mastaba. This later developed, with the addition of several levels
into the step pyramid.

Image online source: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/magazine/2016/01-02/egypt-book-of-the-dead/

PYRAMIDS
The great pyramids of the kings, especially that of King Khufu or Cheops, were the highest points of
Pyramid construction. Within the chambers of the royal dead were spacious apartments with interconnecting
corridors. Here the treasures of Pharaoh were kept. The king’s mummy was concealed beneath several layers
of gold and silver sarcophagi, which also doubled as full-length images of Pharaoh. All around the walls were
painting of the king surrounded by his family and other deities. These paintings were stylized linear geometric
style. The paintings, with the face in profile, have a fully delignated eye, and the shoulders in frontal position.

The Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt – Pharaoh (Sphinx) and Pyramids

Image online source: https://www.ancient.eu/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza/

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 Pharaoh’s Sarcophagi - All around the walls were painting
Image online source: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/sarcophagi/

TEMPLES
It is in the ancient Egypt temples that the visual arts – painting, sculpture, and architecture – found
fullest expression. Egyptian architecture developed the use of post-and-lintel system. It is also made use of
columns with lotus and papyrus. Examples of temples were:

Queen Hatshepsut Temple

Image online source: https://www.egypttoursportal.com/queen-hatshepsut-temple/

History: Built for the Eighteenth Dynasty pharaoh Hatshepsut, who died in 1458 BC, the temple
is located beneath the cliffs at Deir el-Bahari on the west bank of the Nile near the Valley of the Kings.

The Abu Simbel Temple of Ramesses II in Egypt.

ARTS 1013: Art Appreciation Module 5 | 8

 Image online source: https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/abu-simbel-temples-historic-sites-of-egypt.html

History: The Abu Simbel Temples were constructed during the rule of Pharaoh Ramesses II in
around 1264 BCE. The pharaoh commissioned the construction of the monuments as a commemoration of
his victory against the Hittite Empire led at the ancient city of Kadesh during the Battle of Kadesh in May
1274 BCE. The temples were also meant to showcase Egyptian religious superiority to its neighbors.
Archeologists and historians believe that it took 20 years to complete the temples which were dedicated to
the Egyptian deities Ptah and Ra-Horakhty.

Ancient Greek Art

The Greeks were known to excel in various fields and aspects of society. For example, their political
ideals eventually became the framework for the democratic form of government in modern times.

They also valued poetry, drama, and philosophy, which remain interesting fields of study for the contemporary
times. For those who want to be involved in arts such as painting, sculpture, and architecture, it is required to
have a certain skill sets and body of knowledge.

The Greeks were known to place prime importance in the use of reason. For the civilization, man was at the
center of society and how they train their minds could be the very foundation of how they lived their lives. The
humanist ideals of the Greeks were reflected in their democratic form of government.

This certain level of freedom was also reflected in their artworks, architecture, literature, and philosophy. They
were notably passionate about natural phenomenon and believed that nature should be in perfect order. These
principles, belief system, and ideologies are at the core of Greek art and architecture.

The development of Greek art can be divided into four periods:

1. Geometric Period was a time when Greece was starting to get back from the onslaught of what
seemed to be their Dark Ages. It was a period when geometric shapes and patterns have taken the
spotlight in most of the artworks.

Here are some samples of their art:

ARTS 1013: Art Appreciation Module 5 | 9

 Image online source: https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/grge/hd_grge.htm

2. Archaic Period, on the other hand, placed importance on human figures. This was primarily a result of
Greece's trading activities with other civilizations

Here are some samples of their art:

.
Image online source: https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/argk/hd_argk.htm

3. Classical Period - The peak of Greek sculpture and architecture. In the early 5th century Greek
artists began consciously to attempt to render human and animal forms realistically.

This entailed careful observation of the model as well as understanding the mechanics of anatomy -
how a body adjusts to a pose which is not stiffly frontal but with the weight shifted to one side of the
body, and how a body behaves in violent motion.

Here are some samples of their art:

ARTS 1013: Art Appreciation Module 5 | 10

 Image online source: https://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/sculpture/styles/classical.htm

4. Hellenistic Period. It was during this time when the Greeks found themselves rebuilding their temples
and focusing on creating artworks. The time of Alexander the Great was called the Hellenistic Period.
During this time, art was primarily focused on showcasing emotions and depicting reality. Hellenistic
sculptures started to emphasize balance while showcasing dynamic poses and a number of emotions
evoked by the subjects.

One of the famous Hellenistic sculptures is the "Laocoon

and His Sons." The sculpture depicts Laocoon, a Trojan priest,
and his sons being strangled by serpents. Their position was a
result of Laocoon's instructions during the Trojan War. He
instructed to keep the gates of Troy locked up because he felt that
the wooden horse offered by the Greeks as a gift to Athena was a
trick. Poseidon, the Greek god of the sea was enraged by such
action which led him to send serpents to strangle Laocoon and his
sons. (This is an example of work wherein the Greeks
emphasized the details of the body. Most subjects of their work
included that of the gods from Greek mythology)

The origins of theater and drama can be traced back during

the Greek civilization. The followers of Dionysus-the god of fertility-
started the Greek theater. People who devoted to Dionysus would
dance during ceremonies while giving their offerings to their god.
Eventually, the Dionysians devised a more structured form of
drama involving dances and choral songs, which depicted Greek
mythologies. Eventually the Greeks organized theatrical contests
where the performances were held in front of large citizens.

Ancient Rome Art

The Roman Republic was established around 500 BCE.

This civilization eventually transformed into one of Western
Europe's mightiest empires. Since they had expanded and covered
many territories, they interacted with neighboring civilizations,
particularly with the Greeks. It can be said that Roman civilization
ARTS 1013: Art Appreciation Module 5 | 11
came of age during the Hellenistic Period. As mentioned earlier, it was a period when the Greek culture's
influence has reached its peak in the Mediterranean world. The Romans were fond of the Greeks and their
achievements in the arts. The fusion of Greek and Roman cultures can be seen in most Roman artworks.
Some would argue that the Romans merely copied Greek art. This eventually made the Romans produce
artworks that are often looking stern, harsh, and strong. They also invoked the principles of realism in most of
their works, highlighting the features of human beings. Aside from this, the Romans were also known to be
master builders, which earned their reputation for grand monuments and architectural infrastructures. One of
their architectural achievements would have to be the Colosseum. This amphitheater was planned and
constructed during the reign of Emperor Vespasian. One of its main uses was for entertainment purposes like
public events and gladiator games. This structure was a concrete manifestation of Roman builders'
craftsmanship which focused on logical organization of the entire edifice.
Image online Source: https://pixabay.com/photos/perseus-medusa-main-florence-3789293/
“Poseidon and Medusa." Just like the Greeks, the Romans valued their gods and this was evident with
their sculptures and artworks. Ancient Greece had a huge impact in the formation of Roman culture. There
are a lot of Greek influences evident in Roman theater and drama. Writers of comedy like Plautus and
Terence have patterned their works to those of Greek works. Since the Roman audience was not as
enthusiastic about theatrical works unlike their Greek counterparts, most plays had to be included in the
Roman games.

***End of Lesson for Week 9***

***Lesson for Week 10***

Middle Ages

Introduction:

As the term denotes, it is the period between the decline of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance. It
was a period that is characterized by ignorance and darkness Another dominant characteristic of the period
was that the Church was the central figure and authority of the period. Since the Church was the most
important figure, the most important products of the early Middle Ages would have to be copied of the Christian
scriptures.

The printing press came later after the Middle Ages, so copies 0l the scriptures were done by hand. These
copies were also done with illustrations and decorations which highlight the religious focus of the period.
During this time, great cathedrals were built. These cathedrals can be categorized into two periods:
Romanesque, inspired by the old Roman Empire; and Gothic, which had a more northern flavor from the Goths
which refers to vulgar and barbarian.

Renaissance Art

ARTS 1013: Art Appreciation Module 5 | 12

 During the Renaissance Period, artists valued the "individual" as a subject of arts. The influence of
humanism shifted the focus of some artworks during the Renaissance Period to empower the "individual." Most
artworks emphasized naturalism, which was also an influence of humanism since there was a great emphasis
on the proportionality of the human body. Most artists also added perspective of depth wherein spaces were
explored in different artworks. This technique provided a three-dimensional perspective of most Renaissance
paintings, Renaissance artists also gave importance to non-religious themes or subjects. This was also
brought by the privatizations of the art during the Renaissance Period, however most artworks remained
religious in its focus and theme.

Michelangelo, "David." This sculpture is an example of how humanism was a

dominant belief system during the Renaissance. There is emphasis on the details
of the body of the human being. During the Renaissance Period, there was also a
revival of Roman theatrical plays These plays were performed during special
Occasions at the courts of Italian princes. The plays were done in such a way that
showcased grand and lavish entertainment for the audience. Aside from the song
and dance numbers, they invested in elaborate stages and costumes for the
actors. Eventually, this would lead to Italy's opera, which have greatly influenced
their tradition of popular theater.
Image online source: ttps://www.tripsavvy.com/michelangelo-art-in-florence-4177549

Mannerism Art

Mannerism was a period in art history, which was a product of

the Renaissance Period. During the Renaissance, artists would
observe nature and try their best to emulate it based on their
observations.

As the Renaissance ended, artists started directly copying

subjects from existing works of art.

Most artworks during this period displayed distorted figures,

two-dimensional spaces, discordant hues and colors, and lack of
defined focal point.

Here is a sample art work: “Perseus and Andromeda” 1611 made

by Joachim Wtewael
Image online source: https://mymodernmet.com/what-is-mannerism/

ARTS 1013: Art Appreciation Module 5 | 13

 Baroque and the Rococo Art
The term "baroque" is derived from the Portuguese term barocco which is translated as "irregularly
shaped pearl." This is a suitable description that Rome was the birthplace of the Baroque Period, which
according to some historians was a response to Protestantism. This period roughly spanned from 1600 to
1750. Although it was a period following the Renaissance, it can be said that a lot of artists have developed
styles and techniques different from their Renaissance predecessors. Most artists used colorful palettes and
ornamentation in their works. This was a time when Italy in particular, strengthened not only their religion but
also other aspects like politics and art. Expansion was the central theme of this period, which became very
much evident in the artworks produced during this time. Motion and space were taken into consideration by
artists like the use of dramatic lighting and the concept of time.

The Triumph of the Immaculate by Paolo de Matteis, a painting produced during the Baroque Art Movement
Image online source: https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-was-the-baroque-art-movement.html

Image online source: https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-10-artworks-defined-rococo-style

Triumph of Venus by François Boucher on 1740 produced during the Rococo Art Movement

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 Aside from art, music also flourished during the
Baroque Period. This is because people believed that
music could serve as powerful tool to communicate
messages that can evoke certain feelings among its
listeners. Baroque music was able to clearly distinguish
loud from soft and solo from ensemble. Since the
birthplace of this period was in Rome, it did not come as a
surprise that most composers come from Italy. This
include Vivaldi, Corelli, and Monteverdi. Eventually, the
influence of Baroque music spread outside Italy and
reached other parts of Europe. Other well-known Baroque
composers include Germany's Bach and Handel. Since
Baroque composers, through their works, tried to evoke
certain emotions from their audience, they began to make
more complex musical compositions and performances.
However, it can be noted that initially, this kind of music
was limited only to powerful institutions like the Church
and individuals like the patrons. Eventually, such
performances would be made accessible to the middle
class and the masses.

"The Assumption of the Virgin." A painting by

Titian located at Venice, Italy. The Biblical event in the
painting shows how the Baroque Period reverted to having religious subjects in their works.
Image online source: https://www.mdrevelation.org/the-dogma-of-the-assumption-of-the-virgin-mary-into-heaven/

Neoclassicism Art

There seems to be a debate among historians as to

the beginnings of modern art. There are accounts that
would attribute for the emergence of this kind of art during
the French Revolution in 1789. However, other historians
claim that it was the year 1863 when there was an
emergence of modern painting exhibitions. Neoclassicism
was a movement in Europe that transpired during the late
eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. It was the
dominant art movement that time which basically aimed to
revive and rekindle the influences of Greek and Roman
into art and architecture. The ancient Greeks and
Europeans had placed emphasis on human reason and
keeping society in order. These very principles were also the dominant principles during the Enlightenment
Period. Some historians would also say that this movement was a reaction to the artworks produced during the
Baroque Period. There was a call to veer away from such extravagance in terms of style and form of the
Baroque Period.
Antonio Canova, "Paolina Borghese as Venus Victrix"
Image online source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/edcnyc/50192311921

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 Romanticism Art

Romanticism, as an art movement, used the central themes of Neoclassicist artworks as a springboard.
Romanticists have highlighted heroic elements into their work. During the Age of Revolutions, there has been a
tremendous focus on patriotic and nationalistic movements. One of the major revolutions in history would be
the French Revolution. Such revolutionary movements became the focal point of most Romantic works.

The major and central themes of Romanticism movement include the emphasis on the goodness of
mankind. Most works also promoted justice, equality, and social order. Artists also emphasized emotions and
feelings of man, which was a deviation from the humanist principles of rationalism.

Theodore Gericault, "The Raft of Medusa"

Image online source: https://www.etsy.com/se-en/listing/549954899/raft-of-the-medusa

Realism

Realism as a style of work focuses on the accuracy of details that depicts and somehow mirrors reality.
There is little room for imagination in this movement since emphasis is placed in observable traits that can
concretize through artworks. Realism was heavily influenced by Hellenistic Greek culture since most artworks
during that period placed emphasis on the human body.

Realism as a modern movement in art veered away from traditional forms of art. In a way, it
revolutionized themes and techniques in paintings. In addition, this movement also expanded and widened
existing notions of what can be considered as art.

Since artists worked within the context of revolutions and social change, artistic works began to depict
real-life events. Idealistic concepts and images were replaced by real manifestations of society. There is a
move to combine both art and life in artistic works since the modern world were suitable for subjects of art. This
movement also reexamined existing belief systems and traditions.

ARTS 1013: Art Appreciation Module 5 | 16

 Gustave Courbet, "Burial at Ornans"
Image online source: https://www.wikiart.org/en/gustave-courbet/a-burial-at-ornans-1850-1

Impressionism Art

The Impressionism movement started in France, which led to a break from the tradition in European
painting. Impressionism is a style of painting that emerged in the mid- to late 1800s. Impressionist artists
incorporated scientific principles to achieve a more distinct representation of color. The distinctive
characteristic of this style is that it allows the artist to emphasize the immediate impression he has of a
particular event or scene. The said impression is communicated by the artist through his work and can be seen
through the brushstrokes, distinction of colors, and the lights and shadows used by the artist.

Image Online Source: https://www.apollo-magazine.com/berthe-morisot-comes-into-her-own/

Berthe Morisot, by Manet (1869). Impressionist artists started moving art outdoors which aimed to include the
shifting light they wanted to capture in their works. This work by Morisot is one of the first few "open air'
paintings under the impressionism movement.

ARTS 1013: Art Appreciation Module 5 | 17

 Post-Impressionism Art

It is an art movement that emerged in France,

which is a result of both the influence and rejection of
Impressionism. Most artists that belong to this movement
started off as impressionists but later on saw the inherent
limitations and flaws of impressionism. This eventually led
to the development of individual style that gave emphasis
to defining from with the use of broken colors and short
brush stroke. Some of the famous post-impressionism
artists include Paul Cezanne, Georges Seurat, Paul
Gauguin, and Vincent van Gogh, among others. Most of
the works of the said painters became the framework of the
contemporary techniques and trends during the twentieth
century.
Vincent van Gogh, ‘The Starry Night' (1889)
Image Online Source: https://mymodernmet.com/post-impressionism/

Neo-Impressionism Art

As an art movement, neo-impressionism is considered as a response to empirical realism of

impressionism. Most painters who subscribe to such movement rely on a systematic and scientific techniques
that have a predetermined visual effects not only on the art work itself but also how the audience perceive the
art. The leading figure in neo-impressionism was Georges Seurat who recorded optical sensations on a more
scientific manner. His color theories paved the way for the technique called pointillism. This art technique
basically utilizes discrete dots and dashes of pure color. These elements are believed to blend with the
viewer's perspective. Aside from Seurat, other neo-impressionist artists include Henri-Edmond Cross,
Maximilien Luce, and Camille Pissarro, among others.

Maximilien Luce Painting in Neo-Impressionism style - the Seine River

ARTS 1013: Art Appreciation Module 5 | 18
 Image online source: https://www.itravelwithart.com/maximilien-luce-a-neo-impressionism-anarchist/

Art Nouveau

Between 1890 and 1910, countries from Europe and the United
States witnessed the emergence and flourishing of a new art style. This
ornamental style of art was a break from the conservative historicism,
which was the prevailing and dominant theme of most Western artworks.
This ornamental style uses long and organic lines that are concretely
manifested in architecture, jewelry and glass design, among others. In
most works, the defining characteristic of Art Nouveau is the asymmetrical
line that usually is in the form of insect wings or flower stalks. The line is
done in such a graceful and elegant manner that somehow evokes a
certain power to it.

Emile Galle, Vases and lamps, “Celebration of Spring” on 1846–1904

Image online source: https://www.invaluable.com/blog/art-nouveau-artists/

His work was inspired by nature and literature. He would collect and study plants and bugs in his free
time for inspiration, pioneering experimental techniques in glass making that he later patented. Many of his
work had floral motifs and poems sealed within, written for the owner.

Fauvism

This is a style of painting that emerged in

France around the turn of the twentieth century. What
makes fauvists revolutionary is that they used pure
and vibrant colors by applying straight from the paint
tubes directly to the canvas. This is done to produce a
sense of explosion of colors in the canvas. The
fauves, just like the impressionists, painted directly
from nature. The difference lies with how the fauves
have this strong and expressive reaction to how they
portray their subjects. Most fauvist works reject the
conservative and traditional renderings of three-
dimensional space. What artists did was they introduced and promoted a picture space that is defined by the
movement of color.

Example: Boats at the port of Collioure by Andre Derain on1905

Image online source: https://www.thecollector.com/fauvism-2/
Details: In Boats in the Harbour, also known as Bateaux dans le port, Collioure, Andre Derain amplifies the
charm and vibrancy of the small fishing village, Collioure. His use of a bright color palette and bold
brushstrokes are the perfect example of the fauvist artists’ personal expression on the then new genre.

Technically, the painting is wild, with neat colors, as though used straight from the paint tube. The
inconsistent brushstrokes not only intensify the composition, but also cause distraction and minimize
traditionalism. On an emotional level, Boats in the Harbor evokes the soaring degree of elation Andre Derain
must have felt while creating it. The paintings atmosphere is joyful, yet serene, not an easy feat for any artist.

ARTS 1013: Art Appreciation Module 5 | 19

 The broken brushstrokes on the water and in the sky bring these elements to life, and create a depth that
extends way beyond the shoreline, where a man is seen pensively overlooking the marina. Boats in the Harbor
takes the viewer on a journey to Collioure, where both Derain and Matisse spent time admiring the beautiful
view.

Cubism
Between 1907 and 1914, French artists Pablo Picasso and
Georges Braque introduced a new visual arts style called cubism.
This style would later on have a huge influence on artists during the
twentieth century. Cubists highlighted the two- dimensional surface
of the picture plane. Focusing on a flat surface was a rejection of the
dominant techniques like the use of perspective, foreshortening, and
modeling. In addition, one of the things that cubism rejected was the
existing and prevailing notion that art should imitate nature. Cubists
emphasized that they are not in any way obliged to copy texture,
form, color, and space. They presented a new depiction of reality
that may appear fragmented objects for viewers.
Example: Pablo Picasso, “Three Musicians”, 1921
Image online source: https://news.masterworksfineart.com/2018/10/31/pablo-
picasso-and-cubism

Futurism
It is an early twentieth century art movement that started in Italy,
which highlighted the speed, energy, dynamism, and power of
machines. In addition, common themes for works in this movement
are restlessness and the fast-pace of modern life. Later on, the
movement's influence branched out not only in Europe but also in
Russia. The greatest impact of futurism is evident in poetry and visual
arts.
Città Nuova (New City) by Antonio Sant'Elia
Image online source:
https://www.theartstory.org/movement/futurism/artworks/

This image is part of Sant'Elia's design for a new city and this
reflects the architect's ideas of modernity. He expressed these in The
Manifesto of Futurist Architecture in 1914, writing that "We must
invent and rebuild our Futurist city like an immense and tumultuous shipyard, active, mobile, and everywhere
dynamic, and the Futurist house like a gigantic machine". In this part of the design, elevators can be seen
ascending the façade of the building, and modern modes of transportation, highways and trains, run alongside
and into the complex. The building itself is multi-leveled and as well as more traditional vertical lines it is
composed of elliptical and diagonal lines, which Sant'Elia wrote were "dynamic by their very nature".

***END of Lesson for Week 10***

ARTS 1013: Art Appreciation Module 5 | 20

REFERENCES:

Textbook:

Ariola, Mariano M. (2018). Art Appreciation

Ariola, Mariano M. Introduction to Art Appreciation. Quezon City: C& E Publishing Inc. 2014 (2 nd ed)
Sanchez, Custodiosa A., Abad P.F and Jao. L. V. Introduction to the Humanities. Manila: Rex Bookstore,
Inc 2002

Online References:
Readings on The Egyptian Art Pyramid retrieved from:
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/magazine/2016/01-02/egypt-book-of-the-dead/
Readings on Prehistoric Art retrieved from:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/masteryart1/chapter/oer-1-17/
Readings on Neolitic Revolution retrieved from:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/masteryart1/chapter/reading-the-neolithic-revolution/
Readings on Ancient Near East Art retrieved from:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/masteryart1/chapter/reading-ancient-near-east/
Readings in Ancient Egypt Art retrieved from:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/masteryart1/chapter/reading-ancient-near-east/
Readings on Ancient Greece and Rome retrieved from:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/masteryart1/chapter/reading-ancient-greece-and-rome/

Image Online Resources:

Art History, retrieved from:
https://www.iesa.edu/paris/news-events/art-history
The Tigris and Euphrates in Mesopotamia, retrieved from:
https://www.britannica.com/place/Tigris-Euphrates-river-system
The Neil river in Egypt, retrieved from:
https://www.luxorandaswan.com/en/info/History-of-the-Nile-River
The Yangtze River in China, retrieved from:
https://chinatour.com/5-things-to-see-on-the-yangtze-river/
The Ganges River in India, retrieved from:
https://learn.culturalindia.net/river-ganga.html
The Indus River in India, retrieved from:
https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/familiar-dispute-indus-river-valley
Lacoon and His Sons, retrived from:
https://mymodernmet.com/laocoon-and-his-sons-statue/

ARTS 1013: Art Appreciation Module 5 | 21