Solution for Problem Set #4: Mass Conserv.

: Control Volume Analysis

Problem 1. Low Speed Wind Tunnel Test Section Exit
Given: Wind tunnel with test section
conditions shown in figure. m fan m test 55 mph
42”
72 F pexit=0.95 atm-0.2psi
0.95 atm 40”
Find: a) mass flow rate supplied by fan
b) air velocity at tunnel exit
Assume: 1) air is
ideal gas at room T and p conditions,
2) steady flow
3) uniform flow
4) exit has same area as test section
Analysis:
a) Mass Flowrate
Assuming steady conditions, 0

 m fan  m test 

dmCV
0
dt
uniform flow in test section  fan
m  test   test v test Atest
m
ptest
Using air is ideal gas m fan  v test Atest
RTtest
1 ft 2
m fan 
0.95atm
55mph
88 ft s
 
40in 42in 
ft 3 atm lbmol 144in 2
0.7302 460  72R 60mph
lbmol R 28.8lbm
lbm
m fan  0.0704 3
80.7 ft s 11.7 ft 2  66.3lbm s
ft
b) vexit
At exit  exit  m
m  test
Or exit vexit Aexit  test v test Atest
ptest RTtest p
Same T’s v exit  v test  test v test
pexit RTexit pexit
0.95atm
v exit  55mph  55.8mph  81.8 ft s
atm
0.95atm  0.2 psi
14.7 psi
Implications: Large wind tunnels require lots of air, but if the numbers here are
accurate, the fan running them does not need to produce much of a
pressure increase.
Problem 2. Steady-State Aircraft Engine
Given: Engine operating steadily with air and fuel entering as shown in picture, and gas
exiting with profiles only dependent on radius r, as
m given by.
fuel =0.25 kg/s


 r 
2

v e r   1054.00     m s r

 R 
pe=1.0bar, MWe=28.1
r=R=0.25m
m air
  r 
Te r   6752.00    K r=0
  R 
ve m e
Te

Find: fuel-air ratio of engine dA=2rdr (perimeter  thickness)

Assume: Exhaust is ideal/thermally perfect gas
Analysis:
0, steady

Use mass conservation 0 

dmCV
  m outs   m ins  m
e  m 
 air  m
 fuel 
dt
So  air  m
m e m
 fuel . We can find the exit mass flow rate from
R

m e    e v e  nˆ dA   v2rdr with the density given by  e  pe RTe
0

pe R v e
R MWe 0 Te
 e  2
or m rdr

Using the profiles given in the problem (with vc105 m/s and Tc675 K)

  r  2    r  2 
v c 4     4    
pe R   R   pe vc R
  R  
R MWe 0   r  0   r  rdr
m e  2π rdr  2 π
R MWe Tc
Tc 2    2    
  R    R 
Simplifying the integral,
  r    r  
2      2    
pe v c   R    R  
R
pe vc R   r 2 
R MWe Tc 0 R MWe Tc 0 
me  2π
 rdr  2π 2r   dr
  r   R 
2    
  R 
and integrating,
R
pe vc  2 r 3  pe v c 2  1  8π pe vc 2
m e  2π r    2π R 1    R
R MWe Tc  3R  0 R MWe Tc  3  3 R MWe Tc
-2-
Introducing the numbers
8π 105 28.1105 N kgK m 2
2
8π 105 Pa 105 m s  1 
e 
m  m  m
3 8314 J kmolK 28.1kg kmol 675K  4  48 8314675 m 2 Nm Ks

So m e  27 .5 kg s

m fuel m fuel 0.25 kg s

   0.00917
m air m e  m fuel 27.5  0.25 kg s
Therefore

Implications: 1) If the numbers are realistic, jet engines use a lot more air than fuel
~100 more by mass in this case
2) the velocities and temperatures at the exit of a jet engine are high

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Problem 3. Unsteady Rocket
p, T  2600 K , MW  9.42
Given: Rocket combustion chamber
with given flow rate of kg V  1.20m 3
m 1  45.0 m 2  8.2  10 6 p
kg
reactants into chamber and s s Pa
pressure dependent exit
flowrate (shown in figure)
Find: a) products if p=4.40 MPa
b) dm/dt in chamber if p=4.40 MPa
c) pressure for chamber to achieve steady state
Assume: products are ideal(thermally perfect) gases
Analysis:
a) Product Density
p 4.40  10 6 Pa kg
 prod    1.92 3
RT 8314 9.42 J kgK2600K  m
b) dmCV/dt
dmCV
From Mass Conservation m 1   m 2
dt
dmCV
or  m 1  m 2  m
 1  const  p
dt

So at 4.40 MPa
dmCV
dt
kg

 45.0  8.20  10 6 4.4  106 Pa
s
kg
Pa s

dmCV
 45.0  36.1  8.9
kg kg
dt s s
So the mass inside the combustion chamber is increasing.

dmCV
c) For steady-state, we have 0 m
1  m
2
dt
 kg 
or m 2  m 1 or  8.20  10 6  p  m 1
 sPa 
kg kg
so p  45.0 8.20  10 6  5.49MPa  54.9bar
s Pa s
which is also ~54 atm or ~800 psia.
Implications: 1) With the exit flow rate dependent on the chamber pressure, at
p<psteady, the mass entering the chamber exceeds the mass leaving, so
the pressure will increase until the steady pressure is achieved.
2) Since the product density is ~2 kg/m3 and the volume is 1.2 m3, there
are about 2.4 kg of products in the combustion chamber at 44 bar. Thus
it won’t take long for the pressure to increase if it is increasing at a rate of
~9 kg/s.
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